Chemistry of the periodic table

CHEMISTRY OF THE

PERIODIC TABLE

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Group 1

Li 3

Na 11

k 19

Rb 37

Cs 55

Fr 87A group is a vertical column. Going from top to the bottom.

What is the Periodic Table ?

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of all known chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law.

Periodic table obviously is a classification system of elements

arranged according to their atomic number.

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THE PERIODIC TABLE

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The PERIODIC TABLE summarizes the elements by arranging them in the order of their atomic number in such a way that significant chemical

and physical similarities and trends can be appreciated.


Group 1

Li 3

Na 11

k 19

Rb 37

Cs 55

Fr 87

There are 8 groups in the Periodic Table.

A group is a vertical column. Going from top to the bottom.


PERIODIC FACTS


Chemical elements with similar properties line up in vertical columns. These columns are called GROUPS. Every period starts with a very reactive metal in group 1 and ends with an unreactive gas in group 8. Elements in the same group (e.g. Group 1: H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) all have the same number of outer electrons, leading to similar chemical properties. Elements with the highest reactivity (e.g. Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr in Group 1 or Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra in Group 2 and Group 7 elements ) are those with the greatest need to gain or lose electrons in order to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. an element's chemistry is determined by the way its electrons are arranged - its electron configuration. The chemistry of each element is determined by the way its electrons are arranged – This is known as electron configuration. Example Na = 2, 8, 1


THE PERIODIC TABLE


Sodium has need to lose 1 electron in order to achieve a full outer shell of electrons {Na 2, 8, 1} to become Chemically stable. Chlorine has a need to gain 1 electron from

Sodium in order to achieve a full outer shell of electrons { Cl 2, 8, 8} to become chemically stable

Elements with the highest reactivity (e.g. Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr in Group 1 or Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra in Group 2 and Group 7 elements ) are those with the greatest need to gain or lose electrons in order to achieve a full outer shell of electrons.

Na (Sodium atomic No. 11) electron configuration = 2, 8, 1Cl (Chlorine atomic No. 17) electron configuration = 2, 8, 7


Electron Configuration & Periodic Table


YOUR TASK An element's chemistry is determined by the way its electrons are arranged - its electron configuration. Write down the electron configuration of the elements above. Which of these elements will combine with another element to achieve a full outer shell of electrons and how? Which of these elements will not combine with another element and why?


Chemical family or Groups


Group 1

Li 3

Na 11

k 19

Rb 37

Cs 55

Fr 87

Look at the section of the periodic table shown below, use it to answer the

following questions1.What is the ATOMIC NUMBER of the first three element?2.They are similar but not exactly the same. Make a list of similarities.3.What pattern can you see as you go down the group shown?4.Can you predict the reactivity pattern going down the group if Lithium is the least reactive?5.Some groups have a special family names. What is the name of this chemical family shown at the opposite table?


Periods in the Periodic Table?


Group 1

Li 3

Na 11

k 19

Rb 37

Cs 55

Fr 87

Across the periodic table of chemical elements, are periods which are the horizontal rows of the table or rows across the

table.



Group 1

Li 3

Na 11

k 19

Rb 37

Cs 55

Fr 87


table.

Match the coloured arrows with the following periods:2345617



Group 1

Li 3

Na 11

k 19

Rb 37

Cs 55

Fr 87


table.

Period 2

Period 3

Period 4

Period 5

Period 6

Period 7

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Task1.How many element are in the 7th period

or row of the periodic table? 2. Which are the first and the last elements

in period 3?3. What are group (chemical family) names

of elements in question 2 above?


A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of chemical elements.


Understanding Groups And Periods

Across the table READING from LEFT to RIGHT are PERIODS

Walking your way down from the top are the GROUPS

1. Which three elements are in the same group?2. Which elements are in period 3?

3. Which elements are Alkali metals? 4. Which groups are chemical element k and L in?

Which period are they in?


D

F

O

X I H

T

Y P A B

K2

K C

D2

QUICK QUIZ (6 MINUTES) TASK

1. Which three elements are in the same group? D, F and X

2. Which elements are in period 3? F, K2 and C3. Which elements are Alkali metals? D, F and X

4. Which groups are chemical element k and C in? Which period are they in? K Group 3, C is in group 0 or

8.However, K and C are in Period 4


D

F

O

X I H

T

Y P A B

K2

K C

D2

QUICK QUIZ (6 MINUTES) TASK

OVERVIEWWhich one of the following trends about elements in the

Period table is incorrect ?

1. The atomic number of the elements in a period increases from left to right along the row.

2. The atomic number of the elements in a period decreases from left to right along the row.

3. The atomic number of Na an alkali metal is 11 and configuration is 2, 8, 1 hence Na (sodium) is in group 1

4. The atomic number of magnesium (Mg) is 12 and configuration is 2, 8, 2 hence magnesium is in Period 3


HYDROGEN


X

Atomic number HYDROGEN is 1. And it is the lightest known element. Hydrogen is also the most abundant element in the universe. Atomic weight (relative atomic mass) of Hydrogen is 1.00794

An atomic weight (relative atomic mass) of an element from a specified source is the ratio of the average mass per atom of the element to 1/12 of the mass of 12C" in its nuclear and electronic ground state.

H

How many times heavier than hydrogen atom are the atoms of:

1. Sodium2. Magnesium3. Carbon4. Chlorine5. Iodine


QUICK QUIZ 10 MINUTES

What is the Periodic Table all about?


CHEMISTRY OF THE

PERIODIC TABLE

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Chemistry of the periodic table

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