Chemistry of Chocolate Iveta Češková Monika Maxová Brno University of Technology Faculty of...
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Transcript of Chemistry of Chocolate Iveta Češková Monika Maxová Brno University of Technology Faculty of...
Chemistry of Chocolate
Iveta Češková
Monika Maxová
Brno University of TechnologyFaculty of Chemistry
2005
“FEEL GOOD“ FOOD
CHOCOLATE
• virtually universal appeal
• contains more than 300 known chemicals
• the taste is partially determined by the chemistry of the product.
virtually – prakticky (skoro), téměř appeal – půvab, přitažlivost
Food of the gods
• made from seeds of tropical cacao tree,
Theobroma cacao
• cocoa beans contain variety
of chemicals
seed – semeno,osévat
Typical Chocolate Ingredients
The Psychoactive Cocktail Compound
Amount (%W/W)
Neurotransmitters:
Serotonin 0.62 - 5.82
Histamine 0.04 - 0.13
Methylxanthines:
Theobromine <1.3
Caffeine <1.0
Tetrahydroisoquinolines:
Salsolinol High
Methyltetrahydroisoquinoline <0.01
Amines:
Phenylethylamine 0.02 - 2.20
Tele-methylhistamine 0.01 - 1.54
Spermidine 0.05 - 1.15
p-tyramine 0.02 - 0.35
3-methyloxytyramine 0.02 - 0.33
Tryptamine 0.03 - 0.18
Spermine 0.00 - 0.13
The combination of these chemicals may provide the „lift“ that chocolate
eaters experience. lift – (po)zvednutí, podpora
Structure of Theobromine and Caffeine
red-oxygen blue-nitrogen white-hydrogen
Theobromine and Caffeine• belongs to a class of alkaloid molecules known as
methylxanthines
• caffeine can be found in small quantities (<1%)• 800 g of milk chocolate contains the equivalent amount
of caffeine present in a cup of coffee
• theobromine, a weak stimulant, is present in slightly higher amounts (about 1% of total weight)
• also present in cola nuts and in tea• levels are higher in dark chocos (approximately 10 g/kg)
than in milk chocos (1-5 g/kg)
NAME : Theobromine
CHEMICAL NAME : 3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyle-1H-prine-2,6-dione
ALTERNATE CHEMICAL NAMES :
3,7-dimethylxanthine
CHEMICAL FORMULA : C7H8N4O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 180.17
Chemistry ofTheobromine
C 46.67 % H 4.48 %N 31.10 % O 17.76 %
Theobromine
• mildly diuretic (increases urine production)• ability to dilate blood vessels – treat high blood pressure• relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs• is halved between 6 -10 hours after consumption (in the
human body)• may be toxic or lethal to dogs and other domestic
animals (metabolize theobromine more slowly!)
diuretic - močopudný smooth - hladký lungs - plíce dilate – rozšířit (se) bronchi - průdušky halve - rozložit
vessel - céva
Anandamide
• neurotransmitter• is stored in the cell membrane in the form of a phospholipid precursor • is broken down quickly after it´s produced• activates the same cell membrane receptors as tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC), the active ingredient in marijuana and hashis• it may play important roles in the regulation of mood, memory,
appetite and pain perception • act as the chief component of a novel system involved in the control of
cognition and emotion• inhibit the breakdown of natural anandamide, which may stick around
longer, making us feel good longer, when we eat choco
cognition – vědomí stick around longer - prodlužovat
( N-arachidonoylethanolamine)
Phenolics
• antioxidants• one “square” of milk chocolate contains almost the same
amount of phenols as a glass of red wine and that plain, dark chocolate contains even higher amounts
• prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) into the “bad” fats that clog up coronary arteries and cause heart disease
• the “good” high-density lipoproteins are believed to scavenge excess cholesterol from the bloodstream to the liver for excretion
clog up – ucpat liver - játrascavenge excess – odklízet nadbytek bloodstream – krevní řečiště
LOVE CHEMICAL
• chocolate´s key ingredient• is related to amphetamines• raises blood preasure and blood glucose levels• makes us feel alert and gives us a sense of well-being
alert – bdělý, čilý
well-being – pohoda, pocit zdraví
Phenylethylamine (PEA)
note: chocolate is rich source of magnesium
Our Inspiration:
www.erowid.org
www.exploratorum.edu
www.chemsoc.org
www.immunesupport.com
www.chocolate.org
Thank you for your attention
THIS IS THE END