CHEMISTRY FOR PRODUCTION A BRENNTAG … . Production Chemicals Process Chemicals . Upstream...

Laurentiu GHITA, O&G Manager Romania

CHEMISTRY FOR PRODUCTION A BRENNTAG APPROACH

Brenntag: Goals and Objectives:

•To be the safest chemical distributor

•To have a full-line product portfolio with complete geographic coverage

•To be the preferred chemical distributor and producer (mixing & blending ) for our customers and suppliers

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BRENNTAG HAS EXTENSIVE COVERAGE IN ALL EUROPEAN REGIONS

Nordic Sites: 10

CEE* Sites: 53

Benelux Sites: 15

Germany & CH Sites: 28

Italy Sites: 11

France Sites: 21

Iberia Sites: 12

UK & Ireland Sites: 20

Brenntag is the leading European chemical distributor

BRENNTAG OIL & GAS

Oil & Gas activity – Upstream and Downstream

Drilling Chemicals (blending and distribution)

Production Chemicals – T-products (mostly blending)

Process Chemicals – for Refineries (distribution)

Technical Service

Production Raw material Processing

Transmission to refinery

Refinery Distribution

Production Chemicals Process Chemicals Drilling

Upstream

Downstream

- Drilling fluids. Chemical systems are used to lubricate the drill bit, to control formation pressure and to remove formation cuttings. The fluids may be water based or oil based, depending on the geological characteristics of the reservoir and the phase of drilling. Workover and completion fluids are used when operating in producing formations.

- Cementing and stimulation. Chemicals are used to cement steel pipes or casing to the sides of the borehole and to encourage the flow of crude oil to the well (stimulation). Two commonly used stimulation techniques are acidizing and fracturing. Oil and natural gas stimulation differ greatly in that natural gas wells require stimulation roughly twice as often as oil wells.

- Oil production chemicals. Products are used at all stages, from oil production at the well bore to the delivery of crude to the refinery. Products include corrosion and scale inhibitors, biocides and demulsifiers. Treatment of oil produced by enhanced recovery techniques is also considered part of this category.

Upstream – Drilling and Exploration and Production: COMMODITIES: Potassium Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, Citric Acid, Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, Bentonite, Baryte, Sodium Bicarbonate, Hydrochloric Acid, Acetic Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid, Glycols (TEG, MEG, BDG), Methanol etc SPECIALITIES: Corrosion Inhibitors, Paraffin and Asphaltenes inhibitors, Hydrate inhibitors, Biocides, H2S and O2 scavangers, Flocculants, Foaming Sticks and liquids, Defoamers, Cooling Agents, Iron Sequestrants etc.

PRODUCTION CHEMICALS

Oil & Gas Europe

Production Chemistry:

Products & Services:

Production chemicals are designed to counteract numerous problems associated with the production of oil and gas and deal with the problems that arise from the well to the processing plant

Most oilfield waters are corrosive •Often have high chloride content •Generally have CO2 and or H2S produced

along with fluids •May be acidic •Bacteria may be present

Production chemicals

Corrosion Inhibitors

Corrosion can take many forms •Localized (pits, under deposit corrosion, etc.) •Spread out (general corrosion)



Bacteria Attack:



CO2

damage on

tubing string



Corrosion can result in: •Reduced reliability •Decreased/lost production •Costly repairs •Decreased working life of equipment •Environmental damage •Negative corporate image



Available options for protecting against corrosion: •Liners •Use alternative materials •Chemicals Corrosion inhibitors provide: •A chemical and physical barrier to protect the steel surfaces •Protection without large capital costs



Typical continuous inhibitor injected into the water Residuals in the water of 100-1000 ppm are typically recommended Work for both down-hole and flow- line applications

Holes in film are constantly being formed and re-filled with inhibitor

•Maintaining residual levels essential to maintaining inhibitor film





A variation of the continuous inhibitor is the vapour phase inhibitor. A volatile amine is carried with the gas to free water in the system and changes its pH to a non-corrosive level Usually used only for flow-lines Some regular continuous corrosion inhibitors also have a vapour phase inhibitor component



Batch corrosion inhibitors applied as a slug of chemical •Volume required based on surface area to be protected •Typically diluted with diesel prior to application •Must be periodically re-applied to maintain film integrit For down-hole applications, batch inhibitors applied either as batch and fall or batch and circulate



For flow-lines, batch inhibitors are applied between two pigs •First pig ensures clean surface •Second pig paints on film of inhibitor

Choice of corrosion inhibitor depends on: •Severity of corrosion problem •Salinity of water •Acid gas ratios •Pressure and temperature of system •Presence of solids •Flow regime in flow-line •Topography •Application choice •Piggability •Type of corrodant •Economics




Corrosion Inhibitors Corrosion programs are monitored by: •Measuring corrosion inhibitor residuals in the water (continuous

inhibitors)

•Tracking dissolved iron and manganese •Tracking chloride levels •Installing corrosion coupons •Tracking failures •Other monitoring techniques


Paraffin Control

Paraffins and wax often produced along with oil Wax may drop out and form deposits or cause operational problems Once a paraffin deposit has formed, it can be removed by •Batching paraffin solvents •Hot oil or hot water applications •Physical means (i.e. wax knife or pigging)


Paraffin Control

Solvents work by directly dissolving the paraffin Effectiveness increased if pigging or circulation also utilized Volume required depends on: •The volume of paraffin present •The effectiveness of the solvent •The temperature/flow •The amount of time available


Paraffin Control

Hot oil and hot water applications work by melting the paraffin off then keeping it in solution long enough to get it out of the system Typically need chemicals to keep paraffin from re-depositing as hot water or oil cools


Paraffin Control

It is often more economical to prevent formation of wax deposits rather than remove them after they have formed Two approaches to prevention of paraffin deposits •Pour point depressants/inhibitors •Dispersants Both inhibitors and dispersants are injected continuously Must be applied upstream of the area where wax is causing problems


Paraffin Control

Pour point depressants behave like a scale inhibitor •Prevent the formation of wax crystals •Must be applied before wax crystals start to grow •Amount required will depend on severity of wax problem Paraffin inhibitors are oil soluble


Paraffin Control

Paraffin control chemicals are determined by heating wax and dissolving in produced oil. A metal coupon is then inserted into the solution and allowed to cool. Decisions are made by subjective assessment of the deposited wax on the coupon.


Asphaltene Control

Asphaltenes are often found in gas streams Although asphaltenes are very large organic molecules, they can be carried with gas If not removed, asphaltenes may: •Deposit in equipment •Cause problems when gas is compressed •Foul downstream processing equipment (i.e. amine systems or glycol systems)

Complex crystals with a molecule of the produced gas, surrounded by water.

Cause: High pressure, low temperature, pressure variations.


Hydrates Inhibitor

Methanol used – High amounts, dangerous.

- Lowers the temperature of hydrates formation.

Alternative: Kynetic inhibition – prevents formation by affecting the kynetics of the gasflow.

Advantages: - Lower amounts used (up to 12% methanol);

- Easy to transport to the well;

- They degrade harmlessly in the treating units;

- Corrosion inhibiting properties.


Hydrates Inhibitor

H2S Scavangers

H2S – toxic, corrosive.

Amines – bulk . Scavangers – production fields, no investments..

Production Chemicals

Continuous injection or bubble columns.

BRENNTAG H2S scavangers are formaldehide free.

Biocides

Bacteria and microorganisms can cause fouling problems, accelerate corosion SRB.

They penetrate the bio-film and create a toxic environment for bacteria.

Production Chemicals

Periodical application or batch, for the process water.

BRENNTAG biocides- tested and approved.

Own cars with pump for vessel filling

Staff – 2 people

Chemical injection rate control, maintenance, range of effectiveness of corrosion protection

Oil and Gas Division– Technical service for Upstream companies

D R I L L I N G F L U I D S

Oil & Gas Europe

Drilling fluid chemicals

Defoamers;

Shale stabilizers;

Functional additives: Citric Acid, Sodium Carbonate, Potassium Carbonate, Caustic Soda, Calcium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Hydroxide, MEG, BG, BDG;

Proppants.

Drilling fluid chemicals

Midstream – Pipeline transport Mechanical Pigging

Gel Cleaning

Advanced Chemicals:

With pigs

Without pigs: circulating, flushing

Offline OR... On-line

Downstream - Refineries

COMMODITIES: Trisodium Phosphate, Amines (generic- MEA, DEA, MDEA), Defoamers, ENVIROPEAT SPECIALITIES: Ceramic Balls, Molecular Sieves, Catalyst Activator – with injection service

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BRENNTAG OIL & GAS

Brenntag Oil & Gas offers you a broad product and service portfolio

24 hours / 7 days a week, near your working site.

Brenntag Oil & Gas provides you a deep understanding of applications

and products along with full services.

Brenntag Oil & Gas Europe – Providing the right Solutions

Brenntag Oil & Gas is committed to the special needs of their customers

and use global sourcing for the optimal product lines and customer specific

blends.

BRENNTAG OIL & GAS

Visit our website:

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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

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BRENNTAG OIL & GAS

http://www.brenntagoilandgas.com/

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CHEMISTRY FOR PRODUCTION A BRENNTAG … . Production Chemicals Process Chemicals . Upstream...

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