Chemistry Danial

8/2/2019 Chemistry Danial

1/19

NAME:DANIAL

PUTRA HIDAYAT BINISHAK


2/19


3/19


4/19


5/19

Can be defined as anything that occupies spacesand has mass

Also exist in three different phases.Includesolid,liquid and gas

Matte is composed of particles which consist ofatom,molecules or ions.The diameter is around10-8


6/19

An atom is the smallest particles on an atom thatcan take part in the chemical reaction.

They were so small that cannot been seen bynaked eyes

A molecule contains two or more atoms thatbonded together .

Atom that bonded together may from the same

element or different kind of elements


7/19

An ion either positively or negatively charged .

When an atom losses one or more electrons it willbecome a positive ion.

When atom gained electrons it will become a

negative ion.

An element cannot be made by mean of achemical reaction.

A compound is a substance made of two or moreelement that chemically bond


8/19

MATTER

Element

Atom Molecule

Compound

Ion Molecule


9/19

The kinetic theory of matter statezs that matterconsists of tiny,discrete particles that areconstanly moving

This theory has three basic assumptions: (a)Matter is composed of small particles.Molecules move

in random motion and collide with one another.

(b)There are attractive forces between the moleculeswhen they are close together.

(c)Movement of the particles is affected by heat.


10/19

With increased of heat,particles will gain kineticenergy and will move faster.When substance iscooled, the particles lose kinetic energy and moveslower

Diffusion is the movement of particles from one

place to another.

Diffusion occurs when particle from region ofhigh concentration move in to region of low

concentration.


11/19

Matter exists in three physical states i.esolid,liquid and gas.Matter can changes from onephysical states to another.

A change of state occurs when there is a change intemperature that is accompanied by theabsorption or release of heat energy by the

matter.


12/19

Solid

GasLiquid

SublimationMeltingFreezing Sublimation

Boiling

Condentation


13/19

State of matter Arrangement of particles Movement of particles

Closely packed together andusually form a regular pattern

High density of solid

Vibrate and rotate aboutfixed positions caused by

strong molecules bond

Resulting in fixedshapes and volume

Packed in clusters with

particles slightly furtherapart compared to those ofsolidResulting in high density ofliquid

Free to vibrates,rotates

and move about betweenthe clusterThis is due to the strongattractiveResulting in fixedvolumes

Spaced very far apart fromone another

Will occupy any availablespace thus resulting in lowdensity

Vibrate,rotates andmove at very high speedand randomDue to weak attractiveforcesNo fixed volume


14/19


15/19

In 1808,John Dalton suggested that each elementwas composed of its own kind of particles whichcalled atom.

The following statements are the main points ofDaltons atomic theory All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are indestructible

Atoms are indivisible All the atoms of one element are exactly the same but

they are different from the atoms of another element.


16/19

In the last 100 years,scientist such asJ J Thomas,Ernest Rutherford, niels Bohr andJamesChadwick have shown that atoms are in fact

made of even smaller sub atoms particles such asproton,electron and neutrons.


17/19

Discovered electron

Discovered proton

All the positive charges in central is callednucleus

Proposed that the electrons are move inshells around the nucleus

Proved the exisstence of neutrons

Nucleus contains protons and neutrons


18/19


19/19

Chemistry Danial

Documents

Transcript of Chemistry Danial