Chemistry, Ch.1Intro to Chemistry Matter and Change

Properties Of Matter

Chemistry

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

So many kinds of Chemistry

1. _________- study of the separation and identification of chemicals from different materials.

2. - study of carbon containing compounds, such as fuels and plastics.

3. – property and changes of matter and their relation to energy.

4. – study of substances in living things.

5. – study of substances not containing mostly carbon.

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What type of Chemistry would help to answer the questions below?

What are the limits of stem cells if any?

How much caffeine is really in a cup of coffee?

When will the new cleaner fuel for our cars be available to the public?

Are there drugs found in an athlete’s urine sample?

How do plants turn Carbon Dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?

How do metals react with the Oxygen in the air?

How many calories are stored in a Cheeto?

Types of Research

- research done to solve a

problem. EX: Ozone destruction

________– the production or use of products that improves quality of life EX: computers, glasses contacts, biodegradable products

– research carried out for the sake of learning more. Exploring for new info. Just want to know more!

Basic Research

Applied Research

Technological Development

Classifying Matter

Matter- anything that has mass and volume

All matter is composed of tiny moving particles called atoms.

Atom- smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of element

Particle of matter: small portion of matter

All matter can be broken into two categories:

Pure Substances

Mixtures

a substance that has a fixed composition and can

only be broken down by breaking chemical bonds.

if the amount of each component that is

present changes….. So does the substance.

pure substance made of only one type of

atom: gold, fluorine, tin, helium

when two or more atoms of the same type are

bonded together: H2, N2

substance composed of two or more types of atoms

that are chemically bonded [NaCl, NaHCO3, MgSO4]

Mixtures Mixtures-

A blend of 2 or more pure substances- NOT chemically combined

Mixtures do not have a “fixed composition” , the components of the mixture can be present in any amount.

Can be separated by physical processes

Heterogeneous- not the same throughout, each part has different properties. Ex: Blood( red blood cells, whites blood cells, plasma), sand, concrete, granite

Homogeneous- the same throughout. Ex: sugar dissolved in tea, salt water, air, soda.

Separation Techniques- Mixtures

Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paper

Vaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solid

Recrystallization –dissolving a mixture in a hot solvent, then cooling and the recrystallization of the more insoluble substance.

Mixtures- Separation Techniques

Paper Chromatography-used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other

Mixtures- Separation Techniques

Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottom

Centrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separate