chemistry

chemistrychemistry

Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Basesand Bases

Some ants can give painful Some ants can give painful stings when threatened or stings when threatened or disturbed. Certain ant disturbed. Certain ant species called formicines species called formicines have poison glands that have poison glands that produce venom containing produce venom containing formic acid. You will learn formic acid. You will learn the names and formulas of the names and formulas of some important acids such some important acids such as formic acid.as formic acid.

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Naming AcidsNaming Acids

Naming AcidsNaming AcidsWhat are the three rules for What are the three rules for naming acids?naming acids?

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An An acidacid is a compound that is a compound that contains one or more hydrogen contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions (Hions (H++) when dissolved in ) when dissolved in water. Acids have various uses.water. Acids have various uses.

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Three rules can help you Three rules can help you name an acid with the name an acid with the general formula Hgeneral formula HnnX.X.

When the name of the anion (X) When the name of the anion (X) ends in ends in -ide,-ide, the acid name the acid name begins with the prefix begins with the prefix hydro-.hydro-. The The stem of the anion has the suffix stem of the anion has the suffix --icic and is followed by the word and is followed by the word acid.acid.

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When the anion name ends When the anion name ends in -in -iteite,, the acid name is the the acid name is the stem of the anion with the stem of the anion with the suffix -suffix -ousous,, followed by the followed by the word word acidacid..

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When the anion name ends When the anion name ends in in -ate,-ate, the acid name is the the acid name is the stem of the anion with the stem of the anion with the suffix suffix -ic-ic followed by the followed by the word word acidacid..

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A Summary of the Three A Summary of the Three Rules for Naming Acids.Rules for Naming Acids.

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Writing Formulas for AcidsWriting Formulas for Acids

Writing Formulas for AcidsWriting Formulas for Acids How are the formulas of acids How are the formulas of acids

determined?determined?

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Use the rules for writing the names of Use the rules for writing the names of acids in reverse to write the formulas acids in reverse to write the formulas for acids.for acids.

What is the formula for hydrobromic acid? What is the formula for hydrobromic acid? Following Rule 1, hydrobromic acid (Following Rule 1, hydrobromic acid (hydrohydro- prefix - prefix and -and -icic suffix) must be a combination of hydrogen suffix) must be a combination of hydrogen ion (Hion (H++) and bromide ion (Br) and bromide ion (Br––). The formula of ). The formula of hydrobromic acid is HBr.hydrobromic acid is HBr.

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PracticePractice – Formulas for acids– Formulas for acids

HNOHNO22

HCNHCN

Nitrous acidNitrous acid

Hydrocyanic acidHydrocyanic acid

Names and Formulas for Names and Formulas for BasesBases How are bases named?How are bases named?

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Names and Formulas for Names and Formulas for BasesBases

Bases are named in the same way as Bases are named in the same way as other ionic compounds—the name of other ionic compounds—the name of the cation is followed by the name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion.the anion.

For example, aluminum hydroxide consists of the For example, aluminum hydroxide consists of the aluminum cation (Alaluminum cation (Al3+3+) and the hydroxide anion ) and the hydroxide anion (OH(OH––). The formula for aluminum hydroxide is ). The formula for aluminum hydroxide is Al(OH)Al(OH)33..

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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a base that is used to make paper.base that is used to make paper.

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Cleaners and soap contain Cleaners and soap contain sodium hydroxide.sodium hydroxide.

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Practice formulas for basesPractice formulas for bases

LiOHLiOH Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22

Lithium hydroxideLithium hydroxide Magnesium Magnesium

hydroxidehydroxide

• Test yourself on the concepts Test yourself on the concepts in Section 9.4.in Section 9.4.

Section AssessmentSection Assessment

9.4 Section Quiz9.4 Section Quiz

1.The name for H1.The name for H22S(aq) isS(aq) is

hydrosulfuric acid.hydrosulfuric acid.sulfuric acid.sulfuric acid.sulfurous acid.sulfurous acid.hydrosulfurous acidhydrosulfurous acid..

2.The chemical formula for 2.The chemical formula for chlorous acid ischlorous acid is

HClOHClO22..HClOHClO33..HClOHClO44..HCl.HCl.


3.3.The correct chemical name The correct chemical name for NHfor NH44OH isOH is

nitrogen tetrahydrogen nitrogen tetrahydrogen hydroxide.hydroxide.

nitrogen pentahydrogen oxide.nitrogen pentahydrogen oxide.ammonium oxyhydride.ammonium oxyhydride.ammonium hydroxide.ammonium hydroxide.


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