CHEMISTRY

WE ARE INVESTIGATING MATTER

Living is something that is alive OR was once alive OR man made from

something that was once alive

Is made up of cells

How many things can you list that are able to be classified as living?

Non-living

Something that has never been alive

IT can be man made or can exist naturally

Is made up of atoms

How many things can you list that are able to be classified as non-living?

WE ARE INVESTIGATING THE STATES OF MATTER

Solids can Stay the same

amount when changing containers

Can’t be squashed/compressed

Can’t change shape Can be cut and/or

broken Particles are touching

and squashed together

Particles can only vibrate a little

Gasses can Fill a bigger or

smaller container Can be squashed Change shape

when the container changes

Cant be cut or broken

Particles move freely

Particles are not touching.

SOLID LIQUID GAS

LIQUIDS CAN•Stay the same amount when containers are changed•Can be squashed/compressed slightly•Change shape to fit the container•Cant be cut or broken•Particles are touching•Can move a bit

VocabularyMatter, all the things (substances) that are non-living, these are organised on the periodic table of the elements.

Particle is all the tiny bits that make up a substance.

WE ARE INVESTIGATING WHETHER FLUBBER IS A SOLID OR A LIQUID

oApparatus

1 250 ml beaker

1 500ml beaker

Spatula

Sodium Borate

PVA glue

Hot water

oMethod

1. Pour 100 ml of hot water into each beaker

2. In the250ml beaker add 1.5 spatulas of Sodium Borate and stir until dissolved

3. Add three drops of food colouring to the borate solution

4. Add ½ cups of PVA glue to the 500ml beaker and stir to make a solution

5. Add the borate solution to the glue solution and stir rapidly

6. Grab out the mass of flubber and play with it until it is no longer wet and sticky.

7. Carryout the list of tests and record the observations.

Pre

dic

t

Obse

rve

Expla

in

RECORD YOUR OBSERVATIONS

Test results

Poke fast

Poke slowly

Punch

Cut fast

Cut slowly

Stretch fast

Stretch Slowly

Is Flubber a solid or a liquid? Explain your answer

CA

N M

AT

TER

CH

AN

GE

STA

TES

?

Predict Make a guess, can matter change state

Observe Watch your experiment and record everything that happens

Explain

as a class explain what has happened and why.

CAN A SOLID CHANGE TO A LIQUID OR A GAS?

List of apparatus:

Tripod

Beaker

Gauze

Meth burner

Watch glass

Method:

1. Place tripod over meth burner.

2. Place gauze on tripod and then beaker on the gauze.

3. Put a cube of ice in beaker and place the watch glass on the top.

4. Light meth burner and observe.

5. Record observations.

6. Allow apparatus to cool and return to teachers table.

Watch glass

Beaker

Ice

Gauze

tripod

Methburner

Changing State

How to draw a diagram…….Diagrams need a title, to be drawn in pencil, needs to be labeled,

using a ruler and need to be drawn on the diagram page directly opposite the experiment page you are working on.

Watch glass

Beaker

Ice

Gauze

tripod

Methburner

Changing State

1. What happened to the ice as we heated it?2. What appeared on the side of the beaker and the watch glass?3. What is this process called?4. Can you give examples of this process in action?5. Explain what happened to H2O particles in the ice as it changed states.6. Hypothesise what would happen to the particles in a metal if we were to

heat it.

Condensation

Evaporation

precipitation

Ice

Watch glass

water

Beaker

Water Cycle in a beaker

Most matter can change states by heating to form gasses and cooling to form solids. Some solids like dry ice( CO2) turn from a solid to a gas with out becoming a liquid. This process is called sublimation.

?

sublimation

?

sublimation

?s u b l i m a t i o n

IS THE MELTING A SUBSTANCE A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE

1. When melting wax are we creating a reaction between two or more chemicals?

2. Is melting wax a chemical or physical change? Explain your answer.

3. If we change the shape of a substance is that a chemical or physical change? Explain your answer.

4. If we melted a metal instead of wax would it be a chemical or physical change? Explain your answer.

Apparatuso 100g of candle waxo 250ml beakero Wick cut to lengtho Candle moldo Candle hardner

Method

1. Sellotape your wick to the bottom of your mold and to the ice block stick

2. Carefully melt the candle wax of your chosen colour

3. Allow to cool for 5 minutes in a cold water bath

4. Pour the wax into the mold and leave on bench to cool.

5. When we melted the wax did we change the wax in any way? Explain your answer.

o Tripodo Gauzeo Methburnero Spatulao Measuring cylinder

WAL ABOUT: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SOLUTION AND A MIXTURE?

Questions1. What happened to

the salt while we heated the water?

2. What happened to the Sand while we heated the water?

3. What happened to the salt and sand when we filtered the mixture?

4. What would happen if we evaporated the salt water solution?

5. Using your findings .Can you make a generalisation (a general rule) about what a solution is and what a mixture is?

How do we separate mixtures from solutions?

List of apparatus250ml beakers

filter funnel

filter papers

Sand

Sodium Chloride

Measuring cylinder

Method1. Measure 50mls of water and place in the beaker.

2. Add two spatulas of sand, and two spatulas of salt to the beaker.

3. Stir the beaker for five minutes.

4. Heat the solution/mixture until it boils, remove from the heat then stir

5. Allow to cool

6. Fold filter paper in quarters as shown and place in filter funnel.

7. Pour the solution/mixture through the filter and funnel into 250ml conical flask.

8. Observe and record the results

9. In your group try and explain what the difference between a solution and a mixture is.

Pre

dict O

bse

rve E

xp

lain

TripodMeth burnerGauzetongsconical flasks

SEPARATING MIXTURESStep 1 Step 2

VOCABULARYMIXTURE

•Is a substance that is suspended (mixed) in water. These are easily separated

SOLUTION•Is a substance dissolved in water to make a liquid form of a substance. These are not easily separated without using heat.

IS

O OB

LE

CK

A

S

OLU TI

ON

O

R

A

MI

XT

UR

E?

Apparatus1 bowl1 250 ml beakerCorn starchCold waterSpatula250ml conical flaskFunnelFilter paper

Method1. Fold filter paper in quarters, put in funnel and

then into conical flask2. Fill beaker with corn flour to 100ml 3. Tip into container4. Fill beaker with 50mls of water5. Add two drops of food colouring of your choice6. Pour half the water into corn starch7. Stir the mixture8. Slowly add water to the mixture until it forms a

gluggy mixture.9. Pour 1/4 of the mixture into the filter funnel.10. Carry out the tests required and record your

observations in the chart

Test Results

Poke fast

Poke slowly

Cut fast

Cut slowly

Punch

Pour

Filter

IS OOBLECK A SOLUTION OR A MIXTURE?

Is Oobleck a solution or a mixture? Explain your answer. Oobleck is a mixture. The corn flour particles

are suspended in the water particles. They just hang out together like friends at a party. When Oobleck is moved slowly it acts like a liquid but when it is moved quickly the water particles separate or are ‘pushed away’ from the corn flour particles. Making the corn flour a solid again. The water being pushed away separates the mixture.

Physical Vs

Chemical

A PHYSICAL CHANGE is something that happens to a substance when we play with it.

A physical change is special as we can easily see or observe it and when we are finished we can still have the original chemical back.

If we have a chemical dissolved in water can we get this back?

See the teacher demo to answer this question?

Is dissolving a substance a chemical or a physical change?

Explain your answer….

WHAT IS A CHEMICAL CHANGE? Apparatus11 small test tubes1 large test tubes Universal indicators soln 12 soln’sPipette

Method1. Using a pipette measure 1ml of

each soln into each test tube2. Measure 1.5 mls of universal

indicator soln and place the large test tube

3. Add 2 drops of universal indicator to each test tube record the changes

4. Compare with the pH chart and record the results

5. Add a piece of magnesium ribbon to the P3PO4 and a blue soln

6. Observe the results7. Record your data on a graph either

by hand or using xcel

Measuring pH

Answer these questions:1. If you had to, how would you group these

results into three different groups? 2. Why?3. Why do you think the metal reacted in

the orange solution and not the blue solution?

4. Do you think it would have mattered which orange or blue solution you put the magnesium into. Would you have got the same or similar results?

5. Has there been a chemical change in the testing of pH explain your reasoning.

Pipette

Test tube

Test tube rack

CHEMICAL CHANGE VS PHYSICAL CHANGE

pH is a chemical property of a substance, this is used to determine its ability to react with other compounds. The orange substances are acids and blue/purple substances are Alkali. When we added the magnesium to the acid it dissolved but did nothing when it was added to the alkali. This is just one example of how acids and alkalis' react.

A CHEMICAL CHANGE is something that happens to a substance when we play with it.

A chemical change is special as we can only observe it and when we are carrying out experiments

Once we have had a chemical change we can no longer get the original substance back, it is now something new.

If we mix universal indicator solution with a substance to measure pH can we gat the original substance back?

Explain your answer…. If we mix an orange subatance with a

bluesubstance we end up with a salt and water. Is this a chemical change or a physical change?

Explain your answer. Can you make a generalisation

(scientific rule) based on this idea?

IS BURNING A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE?

• ApparatusNichrome wireSmall beakerMeth burner6 salts

• Method1. ½ fill a beaker with tap water2. Dip the nichrome wire into the water 3. Dip the nichrome wire into the salt4. Place over the hot part of the flame5. Observe and record the results6. Repeat for each of the salts7. Burn the piece of metal, what colour did it

burn?

Flaming atoms

Nichrome wire

salt

Meth burner

1. Each of the substances you have just tested is made up of a metal and a chloride. How do we know that it is the different metals that produce a different colour and not the chloride.

2. How can a flame test be used to identify different elements.3. Why do we need to clean the wire between each of the tests.4. Can you think of a practical use for this type of testing5. What is a chemical change? Why is it called a chemical change?