Chemistry 1010

Naming and Batteries

Positive ions (cations)

1. Cations formed from metal atoms have the same name as the metal.

Na+ sodium ion Zn2+ zinc ion

2. If the metal can form ions with more than one charge, the charge is in ( ).

Co+ cobalt() Co2+ cobalt()

3. Follow ion list for others.

Polyatomic Ions

Negative ions (anions)

1. Monotomic anions – drop the ending of the name and add –ide.

H- hydride O2- oxide

2. Follow ion list for others.

Ionic compounds

Name the cation followed by the anion.

CaCl2 calcium chloride Al2O3 aluminum oxide

Binary molecular compounds (Covalent Compounds)

1. The name of the element farthest to the left in the table is written first.2. If in the same group, the lower one is named first3. The second element is given the ide ending4. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of each atom.

Common Prefixes

1 mono 6 hexa

2 di 7 hepta

3 tri 8 octa

4 tetra 9 nona

5 penta 10 deca

OxygenIs one of the essential elements necessary for life

Makes up over half the earth’s crust by mass

Occurs in the hydrosphere , lithosphere, and atmosphere

litho – with Si, Al, and others

hydro – in water as H2Oto form the earth’s crust

atmo – as O2 we breath and Ozone O3 to protect

2/3 of our body weight is Oxygen

Combined with the food we eat to produce energy

20 billion Kg is produce annually in the United States

Causes rust an corrosion

Primary cause for the spoilage of food

Causes wood to decay

HYDROGENBy weight, it is 0.9% of the earth crust

By #, it makes up 15 % of the earth crust

Usually found combined with water or hydrocarbons

It is colorless and odorless

It is the lightest of all substances

There is 200 million Kg produced in the US yearly

2/3 of this amount is used to produce ammonia

not used in blimps anymore

• 2H2 + O2 H2O

Hindenburg

Ya Wanna watch it burn??????????

Oxidation / Reduction

Oxidation – The gain of oxygen atoms

Reduction – The loss of oxygen atoms

2Mg + O2 2MgO

RhO2 RhO + O2

Oxidation / Reduction

Oxidation – The loss of hydrogen atoms

Reduction – the gain of hydrogen atoms

C2H6O C2H4O + H2

FeO2 + H2 FeH2O2

Oxidation / Reduction

Oxidation – the loss of electrons

Reduction – the gain of electrons

Ag Ag2+

Cr2+ Cr

Ca + Mg2+ Ca2+ + Mg

OIL RIG

oxidation involves loss

reduction involves gain

Any oxidation is accompanied by a reduction

FeO + H2 Fe + H2O

Demo

Ag+ + Cu Cu2+ + Ag penny in AgNO3

Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu Zinc in a copper sulfate solution

Batteries

Explain in Great Detail how a wet electrochemical (battery) cell works!!!!

What About A Flashlight Battery

Zn + 2 MnO2 +H2O Zn2+ + Mn2O3 + 2 OH-

graphite (carbon)

zinc metal

past of MnO2

+

-

Other Common Batteries

Mercury cell Zn / HgO calculators, hearing aids

Silver Oxide Zn / Ag2O watches, cameras

Nickel Cadmium Cd / NiO rechargeable batteries

Lithium cells Li / MnO2 pacemakers

How Does a Car Battery Work

Same as an electrochemical cell but reversible

Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e-

Add electricity

2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e- Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4

Electric Cars

• Let’s Talk About It