Chemistry 101
description
Transcript of Chemistry 101
![Page 1: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemistry 101 Dr. Don DeCoste 109 Chemistry Annex [email protected] 244-5959 2-3 pm Mondays and 10-11 am
Thursdays By appointment
1
![Page 2: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
To Do… http://chem.illinois.edu Slides on the website (after each
lecture) Lab tomorrow (see Sig Fig video
on website). Lon-Capa (HW1 Type 2 due
Wednesday, January 29 by 7 pm).
2
![Page 3: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemistry – Some Big Ideas
Atoms have structure. Subatomic particles – electrons,
protons, and neutrons. Atoms are mostly open space. Atoms can attract (and repel)
one another.
3
![Page 4: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Atomic Structure–So What?
Bonds form within molecules. Molecules are sticky (forces
between molecules). Different reactivities of elements
(why is He in Mylar balloons?). Fireworks. Pools close during a thunderstorm.
4
![Page 5: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Atomic Structure: How Do We Know? Thomson and the electron.
Rutherford and the nucleus: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pZj0u_XMbc
5
![Page 6: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Simple Model of an Atom
6
![Page 7: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NOT A Correct View
7
![Page 8: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Clicker QuestionHow many of the following are true regarding the number of protons in an atom?
I. Identifies the element.II. Gives the number of electrons in a neutral atom.III. Gives the number of neutrons in a neutral atom.IV. Tells the element’s atomic number.
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3E) 4
8
![Page 9: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Using The Periodic Table
Element: neutral; defined by the number of protons.
Ions: positive or negatively charged; comes from a differing number of electrons.
Isotopes: atoms of the same element with differing number of neutrons.
9
![Page 10: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Forming a Cation
10
![Page 11: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Forming an Anion
11
![Page 12: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Isotopes of Sodium
12
![Page 13: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Using The Periodic Table
Symbol, name, number of protons (all of these are related).
Number of electrons in a neutral atom or in an ion.
13
![Page 14: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Using The Periodic Table
14
![Page 15: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Using The Periodic Table
15
![Page 16: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Using The Periodic Table
Formulas of some ionic compounds.
Naming simple compounds.
[Chapter 5 material]
16
![Page 17: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Three Types of Binary Compounds
Metal (Groups 1, 2, 3) and nonmetal Simple naming: sodium chloride [NaCl],
calcium bromide [CaBr2].
Metal (transition) and nonmetal Roman numerals: iron(II) oxide [FeO].
Two nonmetals Prefixes: carbon dioxide [CO2].
17
![Page 18: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Three Types of Binary Compounds
CaO
CoO
CO
18
![Page 19: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Three Types of Binary Compounds
CaO calcium oxide
CoO cobalt(II) oxide
CO carbon monoxide
19
![Page 20: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Type I Compound
CaO calcium oxide
20
![Page 21: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Type I Compound
CaO calcium oxide
Charge Balance:Ca2+ O2-
(2+) + (2-) = 0
21
![Page 22: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Type II Compound
CoO cobalt(II) oxide
22
![Page 23: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Type II CompoundCoO cobalt(II) oxide
23
![Page 24: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Type II Compound
CoO cobalt(II) oxideCo2+ O2-
(2+) + (2-) = 0
Co2O3 cobalt(III) oxideCo3+ O2-
2(3+) + 3(2-) = 024
![Page 25: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Type III Compound
CO carbon monoxide
25
![Page 26: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Type III CompoundCO carbon monoxide
26
![Page 27: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Type I Compound
Ca3P2 calcium phosphide
27
![Page 28: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Type II Compound
28
![Page 29: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Type III Compound
N2O5
dinitrogen pentoxide
29
![Page 30: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
![Page 31: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Polyatomic Ions Ammonium Nitrate Sulfate Hydroxide Phosphate Carbonate
31
![Page 32: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Clicker QuestionWhich of the following is the correct name for the compound with the formula MgF2?
a) magnesium(II) fluorideb) magnesium difluoridec) magnesium fluorided) magnesium fluoritee) magnesium fluorate
32
![Page 33: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Clicker QuestionWhich of the following is the correct name for the compound with the formula MgF2?
a) magnesium(II) fluorideb) magnesium difluoridec) magnesium fluorided) magnesium fluoritee) magnesium fluorate
33
![Page 34: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Clicker QuestionWhich of the following is named incorrectly?
a) PCl3 phosphorus trichloride
b) KCl potassium(I) chloride c) CuO copper(II) oxide d) Cu2O copper(I) oxide
e) CO carbon monoxide
34
![Page 35: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Clicker QuestionWhich of the following is named incorrectly?
a) PCl3 phosphorus trichloride
b) KCl potassium(I) chloride c) CuO copper(II) oxide d) Cu2O copper(I) oxide
e) CO carbon monoxide
35
![Page 36: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Uncertainty in Measurement
36
![Page 37: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Clicker QuestionHow many significant figures should be reported?
a) 1b) 2 c) 3d) 4e) 5
37
![Page 38: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Clicker QuestionHow many significant figures should be reported?
a) 1b) 2 c) 3d) 4e) 5
38
![Page 39: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Clicker QuestionWhat is the volume reading of the buret?
a) 20.14b) 20.15 c) 20.16d) 20.17e) 20.18
39
![Page 40: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Clicker QuestionLeading zeroes are ____ significant, captive zeroes are ____ significant, and trailing zeros are ____ significant.
a) always, always, alwaysb) never, never, never c) sometimes, sometimes, sometimesd) never, sometimes, sometimese) never, always, sometimes
40
![Page 41: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Clicker QuestionLeading zeroes are ____ significant, captive zeroes are ____ significant, and trailing zeros are ____ significant.
a) always, always, alwaysb) never, never, never c) sometimes, sometimes, sometimesd) never, sometimes, sometimese) never, always, sometimes
41
![Page 42: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Clicker Question
How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.030140 liters?
a) 3b) 4 c) 5d) 6e) 7
42
![Page 43: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Clicker Question
How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.030140 liters?
a) 3b) 4 c) 5d) 6e) 7
43
![Page 44: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Clicker QuestionYou add 82.4 mL of water in a graduated cylinder to 25 mL of water in a beaker. How much water should you report?
a) 100 mL (1 significant figure)b) 110 mL (2 significant figures) c) 110. mL (3 significant figures)d) 107 mL (3 significant figures)e) 107.4 (4 significant figures)
44
![Page 45: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Clicker QuestionYou add 82.4 mL of water in a graduated cylinder to 25 mL of water in a beaker. How much water should you report?
a) 100 mL (1 significant figure)b) 110 mL (2 significant figures) c) 110. mL (3 significant figures)d) 107 mL (3 significant figures)e) 107.4 (4 significant figures)
45
![Page 46: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Restrictions on Reactions
Element conservation.
CHEMISTRY 102-104: Thermodynamics: Suniv must
increase.
Kinetics: time is a factor for reactions to occur.
46
![Page 47: Chemistry 101](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/568151d2550346895dc00c57/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Chemistry – Some Big Ideas
Chemical changes are accompanied by energy changes. Reactions are due to breaking
bonds and forming bonds. Exothermic versus endothermic.
47