Chemical Wedn 83 Am Handout

NFPA 400 Hazardous Materials Code

NANCY PEARCE CIH

SENIOR F IRE PROTECTION ENGINEER

NATIONAL F IRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

OSHA Comparison to NFPA

OSHA focus solely on worker protection

◦ Few limits established for storage of hazardous materials◦ Few construction requirements for hazardous materials storage

NFPA focus on fire safety-protection of property and worker

◦ Prevention focus◦ Addresses limits above which special construction and other requirements apply◦ Construction requirements

Hazardous Materials Storage Handling and Use under OSHA

1910.106 Flammable Liquids

1910.119 Process Safety Management-prevent releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals

1910.1200 Hazard Communication-information about hazards, safe handling, storage and use, incompatibilities, PPE etc.

1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

NFPA 400 Purpose

Provide fundamental safeguards for the storage, use, and handling of hazardous materials in all occupancies and facilities.

(1) Ammonium nitrate solids and liquids

(2) Corrosive solids and liquids

(3) Flammable solids

(4) Organic peroxide formulations

(5) Oxidizer — solids and liquids

(6) Pyrophoric solids and liquids

(7) Toxic and highly toxic solids and liquids

(8) Unstable (reactive) solids and liquids

(9) Water-reactive solids and liquids

(10) Compressed gases and cryogenic fluids (NFPA 55)

NFPA Codes and Standards

Currently ~ 300 codes and standards published by NFPA including the Life Safety Code and the National Electrical Code

Codes and Standards are “consensus” and are developed by a committee composed of various backgrounds and interest

Virtually every building, process, service, design, and installation in society today is affected by NFPA documents

NFPA is NOT an enforcement agency

Codes and standards adopted by States, Towns, Federal agencies are then enforced by those entities

4/14/2015

Who enforces NFPA 400?

~ Half the states adopt NFPA 1 Fire Code

NFPA 1 incorporates NFPA 400 as part of code requirement

Typically enforced by State fire marshal and/or local fire department

IFC has similar concept of MAQ

2015 edition of IFC incorporates NFPA 400 requirements for Ammonium nitrate

NFPA 400 ScopeStorage, handling, use of Hazardous Materials

Ammonium nitrate

Corrosive materials

Flammable solids

Organic peroxide formulations

Solid and liquid oxidizers

Pyrophoric materials

Toxic and highly toxic solids and liquids

Unstable (reactive) solids and liquids

Water-reactive solids and liquids

Compressed gases and cryogenic fluids as defined by NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code

Other NFPA Hazardous Materials Codes that address storage, use and handling include:

NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids

NFPA 30B Aerosol Products

Combustible Dusts◦ NFPA 484 Metals

◦ NFPA 654 Dusts

◦ NFPA 664 Wood

NFPA 495 Explosives

LP Gases◦ NFPA 58

◦ NFPA 59

Chapters in NFPA 400

Chapter 1 – Scope, purpose, application

Chapter 2 – References

Chapter 3 – Definitions

Chapter 4 – Classification

Chapter 5 – Permissible storage and use (MAQ Tables)

Chapter 6 – Fundamental requirements

Chapter 7- Emergency

Chapter 8-Reserved

Chapter 9-Security

Chapter 10-Performance based option

Chapter 11 Ammonium Nitrate

Chapter 12 Corrosives

Chapter 13 Flammable Solids

Chapter 14 Organic Peroxides

Chapter 15 Oxidizers

Chapter 16 Reserved

Chapter 17 Pyrophorics

Chapter 18 Toxics

Chapter 19 Unstable Reactives

Chapter 20 Water Reactives

Chapter 21 Compressed Gases

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NFPA 400

Classifies the hazardous material

Provides you with the maximum amount (MAQ) that should be stored in a particular occupancy before requiring special construction requirements.

Provides methods for increasing amounts by using special protections such as sprinklers or special storage requirements.

Provides storage use and handling requirements for all covered materials.

Key Definitions and Conceptsused in NFPA 400

Classification

Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ)

Control area

Protection level

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Classify hazardous material

Determine quantity to be used or stored

Quantity exceeds MAQ?

Apply provisions for protection

levels

Apply provisions for multiplecontrol areas

No special construction

featuresrequired

Orgate

YES NO

Step One-Classify the MaterialExample-Unstable Reactives

3.3.61.10.1* Class 1 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that in themselves are normally stable, but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

3.3.61.10.2* Class 2 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that readily undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures.

3.3.61.10.3* Class 3 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction, but that require a strong initiating source or that must be heated under confinement before initiation.

3.3.61.10.4* Class 4 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.

Where Do I get the information Needed to Classify a Material?

Review Permits, SDS, Annex of NFPA 400 etc.

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levels



featuresrequired

Orgate

YES NO

Step Two- Determine the MAQ

Allowable amounts per control area are dependent on the occupancy

Determine occupancy and go to MAQ table for that occupancy to see if amount exceeds the MAQ

Note the MAQ can be increase depending on a number of factors not including but not limited to

◦ Sprinkler protection (allows doubling)

◦ Storage in approved cabinets, safety cans etc (allows doubling)

Maximum Allowable Quantity(MAQ) Concept

THRESHOLD above which you must have special construction (PROTECTION LEVEL) and follow the material specific chapters in NFPA 400.

MAQs are dependent on the type of occupancy

Not maximums-Can be exceeded just need to follow additional requirements

◦ MAQs are given per CONTROL AREA-Can have multiple control areas

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levels



featuresrequired

Orgate

YES NO

Step Three-Determine if above or below the MAQ

If below MAQ per control area no further requirements in material specific chapters just the general requirements in chapters 6-9 apply

If above MAQ per control area then must use special construction- Protection Levels 1-5 and the material specific chapters apply

Control Area

A building or portion of a building or outdoor area within which hazardous materials are allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities (MAQ).

Can have multiple control areas up to a maximum depending on the floor level and fire resistance

Control Areas are separated by particular fire resistance-1-2 hours (includes floors, walls to completely separate from other areas)

Number of Control Areas

Lower than 2 levels below grade is not allowed

Control Areas Flammable

Solid Storage =

MAQ is 125 lb.

Sprinkler

Protection

Provided =

Footnote D

allows a 100%

increase

Outdoor Control Areas

Outdoor control areas allow for greater storage amounts

More than one outdoor control area allowed depending on size of property.

◦ 10,000 ft2 property- 2 separated by 50 feet

◦ 35,000 ft2 separated by 300 feet

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levels



featuresrequired

Orgate

YES NO

Protection Level

Protection Level describes a tier of building safety that exceeds the construction requirements for control areas

◦ The MAQ is able to be exceeded due to the increased protective measures associated with the Protection Level provisions imposed

◦ The Protection Level required is dependent on the Hazard Level of the contents

◦ Protection Level construction allows you to exceed the MAQ

NFPA 400

Classifies the hazardous material

Provides you with the maximum amount (MAQ) that should be stored in a particular occupancy before requiring special construction requirements.

Provides methods for increasing amounts by using special protections such as sprinklers or special storage requirements.

Provides storage use and handling requirements for all covered materials.

NFPA 400 Quantity Requirements In a Nutshell

Keep amounts below the (MAQ) per control

OR

Construct to appropriate Protection Level and follow the material specific chapters

Other Requirements in NFPA 400 for Hazardous Material-Chapters 6-9

Fundamental requirements that apply to all hazardous materials include:

◦ Haz-Mat releases

◦ Personnel training

◦ Ignition source controls

◦ Equipment and processes, tanks etc

◦ Shelf construction

◦ Separation of incompatibles

Additional requirements when above MAQ

◦ Fire Protection Systems

◦ Egress

◦ Dispensing requirements

◦ Chapter 7 Emergency planning

◦ Chapter 9 Security planning

Permits and Plans

Permits are required in accordance with NFPA 1

The AHJ has the authority to require plans

◦ Hazardous Material Inventory Statement (HMIS)

◦ Hazardous Material Management Plan (HMMP)-above MAQ

◦ Closure plan

◦ Other plans as required may include Incident Investigation Plan, Security Plan

Emergency Action Plan-always required. Unauthorized releases activate the plan

Example

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Calcium HypochloriteIndustrial Occupancy

100-5 gallon buckets

Used in open containers

What Do I Need to Know to Apply NFPA 400? What is the Material?

Calcium Hypochlorite

What is the Occupancy?Industrial

How is the Material stored?

5 gallon pails in corner of building

How is the Material used-closed or open use?

Open use-1 bucket at a time (5 gal)

What is the Amount of Material?

~ 500 gallons in storage

5 gal in use

Are there Sprinklers?

No

What is the building construction?

One open building, single control area

Classify the Material

G.3.4 Class 3 Oxidizers. The following are typical Class 3 oxidizers:

(1) Ammonium dichromate

(2) Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight unless covered in other formulations in

(3) Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight)

(4) Chloric acid (10 percent maximum concentration)

3.3.72.3 Class 3. An oxidizer that causes a severe increase in the burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes into contact or a solid oxidizer classified as Class 3 when tested in accordance with the test protocol set forth in G.1.

Determining MAQ for the Occupancy

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levels



featuresrequired

Orgate

YES NO

Amount Exceeds MAQ per Control Area

Must go to Protection Level Construction

Material is considered a High hazard level 3 as defined in standard so therefore Protection Level 3 construction applies.

AND… must follow Chapter 15 requirements for Class 3 Oxidizers

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NFPA 400 and Ammonium Nitrate

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Fertilizer Plant ExplosionWest, Texas

On April 17, 2013, at approximately7:29 p.m. a fire was reported at theWest Fertilizer Plant in West, Texas.Approximately 22 minutes later a largeexplosion occurred. The explosioncaused damage in a 37 square blockarea and destroyed numerous homes.Several other homes were alsodamaged. In the end, a crater 93 feetwide was created at the seat of blast.

West Texas Plant before

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West Texas Plant after

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Preliminary Findings of CSB

The warehouse and bins were combustible and contained seeds

The building lacked a sprinkler system or other systems to automatically detect or suppress fire.

Guidance for firefighters vague and confusing

No requirement for emergency planning under (EPCRA exempt)

NFPA 400 2016 edition

CSB FINDING

The warehouse and bins were combustible and contained significant amounts of combustible seeds, which likely contributed to the intensity of the fire.

NFPA 400 CODE

All new construction required to be noncombustible. All bins for storage required to be non combustible.

Separation of combustibles by a 1 hour fire barrier wall


CSB FINDING

The building lacked a sprinkler system or other systems to automatically detect or suppress fire.

NFPA 400 CODE

Automatic Sprinklers required for all new construction

Automatic Sprinklers required for existing structures if Type III, IV or V combustible construction or if combustible contents.


CSB FINDING

Guidance for firefighters vague and confusing

NFPA 400 CODE

Annex material with clear instructions and information for firefighters

Improved signage – 704 Placard + DO NOT FIGHT FIRE


CSB FINDING

No requirement for emergency planning

NFPA 400 CODE

Pre-incident planning

Notification and Alert System

1 Mile Evacuation Distance

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2016 edition of NFPA 400www.nfpa.org/400

Thank you!Questions???

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Chemical Wedn 83 Am Handout

Documents

Transcript of Chemical Wedn 83 Am Handout