Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids)...
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![Page 1: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical Signals in Animals
![Page 2: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chemical Signals in Animals
•A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message
•Secreted by endocrine glands (“ductless glands”)
•May affect whole body or only target cells
•Important for maintaining homeostasis.
![Page 3: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemical Signals in Animals
•Nervous system and endocrine system are very closely interrelated
•Some hormones are secreted by nerve cells
•Some act as both hormones and neurotransmitters.
![Page 4: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Homeostasis
Blood calcium level
![Page 5: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Homeostasis
rises
Blood calcium level
![Page 6: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Homeostasis
rises
Blood calcium level
![Page 7: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises
Blood calcium level
![Page 8: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
![Page 9: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
drops
![Page 10: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
drops
![Page 11: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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Homeostasis
calcitonin
rises lowers
Blood calcium level
raises drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)
![Page 13: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Homeostasis
insulin
rises lowers
Blood glucose level
raises drops glucagon
![Page 14: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Homeostasis
The thyroid makes thyroxin (T4), which controls metabolic rate and other functions.
T4
![Page 15: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Homeostasis
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
is made by the anterior pituitary.
T4TSH
![Page 16: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Homeostasis
TSH releasing hormone (TRH)
is made by the hypothalamus.
T4TSHTRH
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Homeostasis
A buildup of T4 signals the hypothalamus
to stop making TRH.
T4TSHTRH
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Homeostasis
A buildup of TSH does the same thing.
T4TSHTRH
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Hormonal Signals
Some are local and affect only neighboring cells. These are broken down within seconds
Tropic hormones affect other endocrine glands
Pheromones affect other organisms
Receptors can be on the cell surface or intracellular.
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Some Important Glands
Hypothalamus & pituitary
•Control of other glands,
•Growth (GH)
•Menstruation & lactation
•Many other functions.
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Some Important Glands
Pineal
•Biological rhythms
Thyroid & Parathyroid
•Homeostasis (calcitonin & PTH)
Pancreas
•Blood glucose (insulin & glucagon).
![Page 22: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Some Important Glands
Adrenal
•Stress (epinephrine & norepinephrine)
Gonadal
•Androgens, estrogen, progestin.
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Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
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Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
![Page 25: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
menstruation
follicle
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
![Page 28: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
thickens
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
![Page 29: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
estrogen
thickens
![Page 30: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
estrogen
thickens
![Page 31: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
![Page 32: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
![Page 33: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
![Page 34: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
![Page 35: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH & LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
![Page 36: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterus
thickens
![Page 37: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
Ovulation!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
thickens
![Page 38: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
corpus luteum
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
![Page 39: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
corpus luteum
ovum
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
![Page 40: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen
estrogen
corpus luteum
ovum
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
![Page 41: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
ovum
corpus luteum
![Page 42: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
![Page 43: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
Stop!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
![Page 44: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
Stop!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
![Page 45: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
Stop!
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
develops endometrium
ovum
corpus luteum
![Page 46: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
ovum
corpus luteum
![Page 47: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
GnRH
FSH
& LH
estrogen & progesterone
estrogen & progesterone
hypothalamus
pituitaryuterus
menstruation
ovum
corpus luteum
![Page 48: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
BACK TO THE BEGINNING
GnRH
hypothalamus
pituitary
follicle
uterusmenstruation
![Page 49: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649d835503460f94a69267/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Vocabulary Reviewhormone
endocrine
target cells
homeostasis
calcitonin
PTH
insulin
glucagon
tropic hormone
pheromone
hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
pancreas
adrenal
gonadal