Chemical Safety & Security - Chemical Spill

8/10/2019 Chemical Safety & Security - Chemical Spill

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Kedah, Malaysia

30 Apr 4 May 2012y

SAND No. 2009-8395P

Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,

for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration

under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. 2

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The notification and emergency responserocedure for accidents and incidents should be

written and understood by everyone.

A rapid and effective response helps insureinjured persons receive rapid and correctmedical attention and/or that incidents areuickl contained and controlled and that

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effects and damage to people, facilities, theenvironment and the community are minimized.


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First aid kits for minor injuries should be

each laboratory. Use for minor accidents/incidents. Determine if medical attention is necessary. Immediately notify proper authorities, if

necessary or in doubt. Determine if chemical exposure occurred.

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I necessary, ta e imme iate preventativeaction to make lab safe, e.g., shut downreactions, electricity, etc.

Wounds: If bleedin is rofuse a l stead direct ressure over the , ,

wound using a sterile dressing, if possible, or clean cloth.

Keep the wound as clean as possible.

Remove or cut away any clothing covering the wound.

Flush with water to wash out loose dirt and debris.

Do NOT try to remove foreign matter embedded in the wound

If there is an impaled object, Do NOT try to remove it. Efforts to

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.

Control bleeding by direct pressure, but do not applypressure on the impaled object itself or on immediatelyadjacent tissues.

Stabilize the impaled object with a bulky dressing.

Thermal Burns:

Immerse burned area in cold water or apply

cold compresses for 30 minutes

Do NOT attempt to rupture blisters on theburn

7

Chemical Burns: Speed is essential. Consult chemical labels & MSDS for special instructions.

Flush burn area immediately with water for 15 minutes. Taking care not to spread the chemical, remove any clothing,

especially shoes and socks, that may be contaminated. Do NOT use salves, ointments, cream, sprays, or any other covering

except for chemical-specific remedies such as for HF or phenol. Do NOT attempt to rupture blisters over the burn.

If chemicals splashed into the eyes: Flush the affected area with water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, as rapidly as possible, since they

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prevent water from reaching the cornea. Eyelids may have to be forced open so eyes can be totally flushed. If large particles are in the eye, an eye wash should not be used. Do NOT use salves, ointments, cream, sprays, or any other covering

except for chemical-specific remedies such as for HF or phenol.


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Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation

Emergency Equipment

I t l i ti / l tInternal communication/alarm system

Telephones (Label all phones with emergency numbers)

Alarm pull boxes

- External communication/alarm system

- Fire extinguishers

Emergency eyewash and showers

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- Emergency eyewash and showers

- Spill stations


Knowledge NeededL ti f l t i l i itLocation of emergency electrical circuit

breakers, shutoff valves, switches,

disconnects for building, area, laboratory,

room, equipment

- Response procedures for personal

d

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injuries/ exposures and emergencies

- Emergency evacuation routes (posted)


Maintain Current Safety Data SheetsAtt ti tAttention to:

Chemical hazards

First aid informationSpill response

Firefighting information

Engineering controls

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Engineering controls

Stability and reactivity

Proper storage

Disposal considerations


Maintain complete Spill Kits

Absorbent material Absorbent material Absorbent pillows or powders

Activated carbon for organicsolvents

Neutralizing agents Acid Neutralizers e.g., sodium

bicarbonate (NaHCO

3

) powder

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( CO

3

) p

Base Neutralizers-e.g., citricacid powder

Solvent Spills-activated carbon


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P l P t ti E i t (PPE)

Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation, contd, contd

Spill Kit should also contain:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)- 2 pairs of chemical splash proof goggles

- Several pair of disposable gloves

- Disposable, charcoal (volatile, aerosol) respirators

- Disposable aprons or jump suits

- Disposable shoe covers (for floor spills)

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Additional cleanup equipment:- Plastic pail/bucket(s) with lids (large enough tolastic pail/bucket(s) with lids (large enough to

contain spill and cleanup material)

- Plastic dust pan

- Broom or brush

- Plastic bags

- Sealing tape

pH paper

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- pH paper

- Sign(s):

Danger Chemical Spill

Keep Out

SCBA Respirators

Two persons are required to use a SelfContained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

One person stands-by to rescue/assist the otherin case of a problem

Never rely on a single SCBA

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SCBAs must be well maintained and inspectedweekly if they are part of the safety program

Spill Cleanup Preparationpill Cleanup Preparation

Risk Assessmentisk Assessment

What is the worst thing that could happen if a chemical

(Anticipation)

was dropped/spilled, etc.?

inconvenience

skin burns fire

explosion

chemical exposure ( fatality; injury, permanent, temporary)

K h i f ill

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Know the worst case scenario for a spill.

How you would respond to a spill, emergency situation?

What are the appropriate clean-up and decontamination

procedures?


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Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup PreparationRisk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Estimating Potential Hazards (Evaluation)

What are the chemical, physical and toxicological

properties of the chemicals you are using?

What is the amount of chemical?

What are your knowledge and skills?

What are possible locations/conditions of a spill,

id ?

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accident?

Ask for assistance if you are unsure

SpillSpill CleanupCleanupPreventionPrevention

(Control)

Eliminate clutter

Eliminate clutter

Purchase only amount of chemical required

Understand work practices and procedures

Use unbreakable secondary containers

Store chemicals properly

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Dispose of waste /excess chemicals

properly and timely

Laboratory Staff: Ensurin timel s ill re ortin and cleaned u Cleaning up nuisance spills in their area, even if

someone else spills them (janitors, service

people) Knowing the properties of what they work with Taking reasonable steps to prevent spills

Specially trained Safety Cleanup Team:

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Assist researc ers not com orta e c eaning upspills (including nuisance spills)

Clean-up serious/major spills

Nuisance SpillsNuisance Spills

Spills of < 4L of known hazard, that you

are comfortable cleaning upre comfortable cleaning up

Assess the hazard

Wear appropriate PPE

If unsure or need assistancewith PPE selection or

cleanup, call the Safety

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cleanup, call the Safety

Cleanup team.


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Nuisanceuisance Chemical Spillhemical Spill

Cleanup Procedureleanup Procedure

Alert people in immediate area Post area Confine spill Absorb excess, surround area with absorbent material Wear appropriate PPE Avoid breathing aerosols Use forceps, etc., to pickup broken glassware, etc. Work from outer edge toward center to cleanup Do not dry sweep Clean spill area with soap & water, specific solvent or

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Collect contaminated absorbent, gloves, residues in plastic

bag(s) Label, with chemical name if possible, and dispose of waste

properly

Potentially Hazardous SpillsPotentially Hazardous Spills

Spills of > 4L or

Smaller spills of:

Low LD (high acute toxicity)

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- Low LD

50

(high acute toxicity)

- Carcinogens, repro-toxins, etc.

- Flammable liquids or metals

- Chemicals of unknown toxicity or hazards

Potentially Hazardous ChemicalPotentially Hazardous ChemicalSpill Cleanup ProcedureSpill Cleanup Procedure

Attend to injured/contaminated or exposed individuals. Remove persons from the exposure without endangering

ourself.

Alert persons in the immediate area to evacuate. Consider people with disabilities.

If spill is flammable, turn off heat and ignition sources (ifpossible).

Call Emergency Phone Number to report incident. Post areaDanger, Keep Out Hazardous Chemical Spill

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Close doors to affected area. Locate MSDS. Assist Specialized Safety Cleanup personnel if you are

knowledgeable about the spill.

Only trained personnel should do cleanup

Routes of exposure Inhalation

Main hazard

Evaporates releasing hazardous vapors

Skin absorption Personal Protective Equipment Required

Nitrile gloves Safety glasses

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Closed-toed shoes Lab coat

/ /


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Preparation is critical.

prevention. All mercury spills, including those

from broken laboratorythermometers and manometers,should be cleaned up immediately.

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Trays should be used under equipment wheremercury is used.

Mercury beads, splashes, and rolls around.

Prevent mercury from entering cracks, crevices,and drains.

Cease activities.

Secure spill area, contain mercury spill area.

Restrict area until entire s ill is cleaned u .

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Do not walk in spill area. Evacuate room via route away from spill.

Lower room temperature to reduce evaporation.

Spill powders can be used as temporarycontrols: Commercial spill kits are available

Or mix 85 grams of finely powdered sodium

thiosulfate with 15 grams of powdered EDTA

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Cover spill from perimeter toward the center. Remove debris:

Dispose of as hazardous waste and cleanup

material (gloves, towels, etc). All waste should be placed in labeled, sealed,

leak-proof,containers.

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ever spose o mercury was e n sewer sys em.

Special vacuum cleaners designed to pick upmercury safely are available for cleanup.

NEVER sweep up spill or use a regular vacuum.

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A side-arm flask connected to a vacuum pump orsink aspirator can be used to vacuum up smallbeads of mercury.

Pipette

Glass

tube

Vacuum

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Mercury

Trap with Water

Large spills

S ills in confined areas with oorventilation

Spills in areas heated above roomtemperature

Should be cleaned up by trainedpersonnel with protectiveequipment

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There is a risk of high exposure tomercury vapors in thesesituations.

Mercury Spill Cleanup,

n vers ty o scons n a ety cehttp://www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/LAB/labHg.

html

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SOURCE

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Should be a last resort, but may be necessaryif: engineering controls inadequate or being installed

administrative controls dont do the job

emergency response or spill cleanup

supplement other control techniques if cantachieve required level

De ends u on human behavior proper selection, fit and comfort issues

Hazard is still present with PPE

34

Employees should be trained to know:

When PPE is necessary? What PPE is necessary?

How to properly don, doff,adjust and wear PPE.

Limitations of PPE.roper care, s orage,

maintenance, useful life,and disposal of PPE.

www.free-training.com/osha/ppe/ppemenu.htm

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Retraining is necessary when there is:

Change in theprocess.

Change in type of PPEused.

Inadequate employee

PPE. retrain to reinforce

understanding or skill

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Personal ProtectivePersonal ProtectiveClothingClothing (PPE)(PPE)

Evaluate task, select appropriatetype and train to use it properly lab coats, gowns, aprons

safety glasses (with side shields),goggles, face shields

gloves

Remove PPE before leaving the lab

37

Protective Equipment WorksProtective Equipment Works

It's a hot day, why wear a lab coat?

An experiment reacted unexpectedly and a flammable

solvent from a hood splashed out and landed on the

bottom of the lab coat

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Thousands are blinded eachyear from work-related eyeinjuries.

Nearly three out of fiveworkers are injured whilefailing to wear eye and faceprotection.

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Safety glasses

Goggles

Face shield

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Primary protection:

Eye protection shields eyes by:

Safety glasses with side shieldsprotect from flying objects.

Goggles prevent objects fromentering under or around theeyewear.

Secondary protection:

ace s e s

Combine with safety glasses orgoggles

Do not protect from impacthazards

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Hazard Type Hazard Type Common related tasks

Impact Flying objects such as Chipping, grindi ng, machining ,, ,

particles, sand, and dirt , , ,

drilling, riveting, sanding,

Heat Anything emi tti ng ext remeheat

Furnace operations, pouring, casting,hot dipping, welding,

Chemicals Splash, fumes, vapors,and irritating mists

Acid and ch emical hand ling ,

degreasing, plating, and w orking withblood or OPIMs

Dust Harmful dust Woodworking, buffing, and general

Optical

Radiation

Radiant energy, glare, andintense light

Welding, torch-cutting, brazing,soldering, and laser work

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Biohazardsiohazards

Contaminated blood or bodily fluids may result in transmission through

Use caution anytime you are working with blood or other bodily fluids.

the eyes.

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US regulations 29 CFR 1910.151(c) . -

Types eyewash shower drench hose

Concerns drainage freezing contaminated water

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Eyewash and ShowersEyewash and Showers

Know their locations

Maintenance and testingprogram

Concerns:

drainage

freezing contaminated water

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Eye wash stations

Minimum 1.4 13.2 L/min. .

Flush for 15 minutes

Provide flow for both eyes

Hold eyes open

Tepid, pH match eye (preferred)

Easily accessible locations

84-114 cm (33 to 45 in.) from floor

.

Test weekly

Portable: clean/refill (6 mo 2 yrs)

Various types

ANSI Z358.1 NC DOL Guide:www.nclabor.com/osha/etta/indguide/ig28.pdf

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Within 17 m (55 ft.) or 10 seconds Normal walking = 6.1 km/hr (3.8 mph)

Test monthly

Pull within reach (highly visible) 208 244 cm high (82 to 96 in.) Deliver 51 cm (20 in.) column Height: 152 cm (60 in.) above floor

76-114 L/min (2030 gal/min)

Tepid: 16 38oC (60 to 100 F)

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Safety Shower Standardsafety Shower Standards

contont.

Consider:onsider:

Drains

Blankets/modesty curtains

Avoid or protect electrical outlets

ANSI Z358.1-2004

48

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Glove considerations ype g ove

Dexterity required

Chemical & physical material

strength

Exposure time breakthrough time

Size, comfort, reusable/disposable

Manufacturer selection charts

51

Considerations: v

Thermal (extreme heat/cold)

Abrasion; cuts; snags; splinters;punctures

Grip: oily, wet, dry

Comfort, fit, size

Ergonomics

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Permeation (silent killer) Substances pass through intact material

. Penetration

Substances pass through seams,zippers, stitches, pinholes, or damagedmaterial.

Degradation Substance damages material making it

less resist or resulting in physicalbreakdown. Contamination

Substances transferred inside material(improper doffing or decontamination).

53

Permeation Rate

(PR)

Permeation

Breakthrough (PB)

Permeation Degradation rate

(DR)

E- Excellent; permeation rate of

less than 0.9 mg/cm2/min

>Greater than

time - minutes

E - Excellent; fluid has very little

degrading effect.

VG - Very Good; permeation

rate of less than 9 mg/cm2/min

< Less than

(time - minutes)

G - Good; fluid has minor

degrading effect.

G - Good; permeation rate of

less than 90 mg/cm2/min

F - Fair; fluid has moderate

degrading effect.

F - Fair; permeation rate of less

than 900 mg/cm2/min

P - Poor; fluid has pronounced

degrading effect.

P - Poor; permeation rate of less NR - Fluid is not recommended

than 9000 mg/cm2/min with this material.

NR - Not recommended;

permeation rate greater than

9000 mg/cm2/min

Not tested, but breakthrough

time > 480 min DR expected to be

Good to Excellent

Not tested, but expected to be

Good to Excellent based on

similar tested materials54

GlovesGloves

Its important to have the right glove for theg gjob and know how long it will last.

Glove Chart Examples:

Consider several glove manufactures databefore final selectionefore final selection.

www.bestglove.com/site/chemrest/

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Gloves

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Polyethylene/Ethylene-vinyl Alcohol

{Silver Shield}

Resists permeation and breakthroughwith chemicals.

Uses: aromatics, esters, ketones, andchlorines.

Butyl

Highest permeation resistance to

gas or water vapors. Uses: ketones (MEK, acetone) and

esters (amyl acetate, ethyl acetate).

57

Viton

Highly resistant to permeation bychlorinated and aromatic solvents

Can be used with water/water basedsolvents

Nitrile (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber)

Good replacement for latex

Protects against acids, bases, oils,

esters, grease, fats

Resists cuts, snags, punctures andabrasions

58

Neoprene

, , .

Resists amines, alcohols, glycols.

Limited use for aldehydesand ketones.

Poly vinyl chloride (PVC)

Protects against acids, caustics.

Resists alcohols, glycols.

Not useful for aromatics, aldehydesand ketones.

59

Natural rubber latex is from the rubber tree.

The major route of occupational exposure isabsorption of latex protein through the skin.

Allergens in or on gloves can be transferred to .

60

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Symptoms may occur within minutes of exposure

individual. Skin Redness

Hives

Itching

Respiratory Symptoms

unny ose

Itchy Eyes

Scratchy Throat

Asthma

61

Latex AllergyLatex Allergy

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To prevent latex allergies consider: Using non-latex gloves.

If you choose latex gloves, use the powder-free

version. When using gloves, do not use oil-based hand

cream or lotions (these cause glove deterioration).

Recognize the symptoms of latex allergy.

Always wash hands after removing gloves.

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/latex/

http://www.nursingworld.org/osh/latex.htm

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Proper Steps forProper Steps forRemovingRemoving GlovesGloves

1 2 3

4 5 6

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Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory ProtectionProgramProgram

Written program

Administered by Safety Officedministered by Safety Office

Medical clearance

Respiratory ProtectionQuestionnaire

No beards

Fit testing

Respirator selection Air monitoring

Training (annual refresher)

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Air purifying (APR) Half Face

Full Face

PAPR

Air supply Air line

SCBA

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Must have at least 19.5% oxygen.

Never use in O2 deficient atmospheres

Only filters the air.

- Particulate filters

Removes aerosols- Chemical cartridges or canisters

Remove gases and vapors

filter/cartridge.

PAPR (Powered Air Purifying Respirator)

Uses a blower to force air through an airpurifying element

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Specific gases or vapors

NIOSH or MSHA approval

Adequate warning properties

End of service life

Mechanisms adsorption

absorption

Breakthrough times

Proper maintenance andstorage

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Cartridge Description

Organic Vapor

Organic Vapor and acid gases

Ammonia, methylamine andP100 any particulates fi lter

99.97% minimum filter efficiency

69 70

71

Positive / Negative pressure fit test

72

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Supplies breathing air to employee

Examples:

SCBA

Airline

Grade D Air

Limitations

73

Disposable filtering face-piece: Dis ose after use

Half-mask: Write expiration date (current date +estimate)

making sure to keep entire label legible

Discard cartridges based on expiration date, end-of-service life indicator or calculated service life

Dry

Place in sealable bag (write your name on bag)

Contact Safety Office for repairs

74

Hazardous chemicals.

Potentially infectious

materials.

Intense heat.

Splashes of hot metals and hot liquids.

75

Should meet or exceed ANSI Standard.Types:

Impact,penetration, compression, steel toe, etc.

Non-skid, with slip resistant soles.

Chemical resistant (rubber, vinyl, plastic, with syntheticstitching to resist chemical penetration).

Anti-static

Temperature resistant (high or low extremes).

- - .

Water resistant

Combination shoes

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Steel toe-safety shoes are not necessary for

from transporting or handling heavy objects.

However,

open toe shoes

7777

s ou e worn n a s.

Should meet or exceed Z89.1-2003

Bump caps - dont meet ANSI standard, provideminor protection

Electrical protection 2200-22,000 v, depends onclass)

Mining protection-- .

Impact 386 454 kg (850-1000 pounds) Penetration ~1cm (3/8)

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Breakreak

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Nonhazardous wasteGeneral guidelines Storage

General guidelines- Storage -Packaging

Special categoriesMetal waste

Radioactive and mixed waste

Biological waste

8282

Biological waste

Unknown and orphan waste

Treat on-site

Used oil (uncontaminated) is not consideredhazardous waste. Label Containers "USED OIL", not

"hazardous waste."

Uncontaminated PPE (gloves, wipes)

Triply rinsed glassware (bottles, droppers, pipettes)

Salts (KCl, NaCl, Na2

CO

3

)

8383

Sugars - Amino acids

Inert materials (uncontaminated resins and gels)

Secure and lock waste storage area

Post si ns to warn others Keep area well ventilated

Provide fire extinguishers and

alarms, spill kits Provide suitable PPE

Provide eye wash, safety showers Do not work alone

8484

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Insure against leakage; dyke area ifpossible

Label all chemicals, containers, vials

Separate incompatible chemicals

Keep gas cylinders separate

Keep radioactive material separate

8585

Provide for timely pick-up

Container should not react with the wastebeing stored (e.g. no hydrofluoric acid in

glass)lass).

Similar wastes may be mixed if they arecompatible

Whenever possible, w stes fromincomp tible h z rd cl sses should not be

mixed (e.g. organic solvents with oxidizers).

Containers must be kept closed exceptduring actual transfers. Do not leave a

8686

g

funnel in a hazardous waste container. Chemical containers that have been triple-rinsed and air-dried in a ventilated area can

be placed in the trash or recycled.

Certain metals cause disposal

problems when mixed with flammable

liquids or other organic liquids

Pressure can build up in a waste vessel

Corrosion can occur in storage vessel

8787

Secondary containment is necessary

Glass waste containers can break

8888

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89

Before moving to new job meet with new lab occupant

This can be a new employee or new studenthis can be a new employee or new studentLabel all chemicals and samples carefullyMake notations in common lab book

Dispose of all unneeded or excess chemicals

Put into chemical exchange programDispose of as hazardous waste

9090

p

Do not leave any chemicals behind except by agreement

Recycle, reuse, redistill, if

Dispose by incineration,if possible

Incineration is NOT thesame as open burning

9191

Emissions from incinerationEmissions from incinerationvs. open burningvs. open burning

Burn

(g/kg)

Waste

Incinerator

(g/kg)PCDDs 38 0.002

PCDFs 6 0.002

Chlorobenzenes 424150 1.2

9292

PAHs 66035 17

VOCs 4277500 1.2

Source: EPA/600/SR-97/134 March 1998

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Lab packs consists of

small containers of

LabLab wastes are packagedwastes are packagedinin small containerssmall containers

compatible waste, packed

in absorbent materials.

Lab packs

segregated at

9393

segregated at

hazardous

waste facility

Is disposal service

How will waste betransported?

How will waste bepackaged?

Where will material bedisposed?

9494

How will it be disposed? Maintain writtenrecords

Hazardous waste

Lead acid (Pb) - recycle (90% car batteries)ead acid (Pb) recycle (90% car batteries) Sealed lead (Pb) - recycle Mercury-oxide (HgO) button, silver-oxide

(AgO) button - recycled by jewelers

Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) recycle

Nonhazardous waste

Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni MH) recycle

9595

Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) recycle Carbon zinc Alkaline Zinc-air button

Collect pure liquid mercury in a sealablecontainer. Label as "MERCURY FOR

RECLAMATION"ECLAMATION

Place broken thermometers and mercurydebris in a sturdy sealable plastic bag,

plastic or glass jar. Label the container

"Hazardous Waste - MERCURY SPILL

DEBRIS".

Never use a regular vacuum to clean up amercury spill - contaminates vacuum heat

9696

mercury spill contaminates vacuum, heat

evaporates the mercury

Never use a broom to clean up mercury spreads smaller beads - contaminates the

broom.

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These wastes must be minimized - heavilyregulated

Universities, hospitalsLow level radioactive with chemical

Scintillation cocktails

Gel electrophoresis waste

Nuclear ener research

9797

Low and high level radioactive with chemicalLead contaminated with radioactivity

Medical wastes oo an ssue

Sharps needles, scalpels

Contaminated glassware, ppe

Autoclave or sterilize Bleach incompatible with

autoclave

9898

Do not autoclave flammableliquids

Incinerate

Medical wastes

minimize handling risk Let short-lived isotopes decay and

then use sanitary sewer Refrigerated storage for putrescible

waste (carcasses- tissue) Autoclave or disinfect labware and

9999

treat as ow eve ra ioactive On-site incineration of low level rad

waste if allowed (sharps as well)

Unknown orphan wasteUnknown orphan waste

Avoid if at all possible - requires

analysis before disposal

re-screen:Are crystals present ? (potential peroxideformation)Radioactive (Geiger counter)Bio waste? (interview history)

Screen:

100100

Prepare for the worst: wear gloves,goggles, use hoodCheck for: Air reactivity, Water reactivity,Flammability, Corrosivity

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Unknown wasteUnknown wastecharacterization*characterization*

Physical description - Water reactivity - Water solubility

pH and neutralization information

Presence of:

Oxidizer

Sulfides or cyanides

Halogens

Radioactive materials

101101

Biohazards

Toxics

*Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals,

National Academy Press, 1995 Section 7.B.1

If legally allowed:

Deactivate & neutralizesome liquid wastesyourselfe.g., acids & bases

Dont corrode drain pipes

Dilute with lots of waterwhile pouring down thedrain

102102

Be sure that you do notform more hazardoussubstancesCheck reference books,

scientific literature, internet

103

Recycling by redistribution

R li f t lecycling of metals

Gold-mercurylead- silver

Recycling of solvents

Clean for reuse-rotovap

Distill for purity

104104

Distill for purity

Recycling of oil

Recycling of E-waste

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Chemical recyclingChemical recycling

Reuse by others in the organization or community

An active chemical exchange program

Beware of accepting unusable chemicals

Reuse in experiments in the laboratory

Exchange for credit with suppliers by agreement

105105

Exchange for credit with suppliers by agreement

What shouldWhat should notot be recycledbe recycled

Gas cylinders past their pressure testing date

Used disposable pipettes and syringes

Chemicals and assay kits past their expiration

Obviously degraded chemicals

106106

Used tubing, gloves and wipes

Others?

What should be recycledWhat should be recycledoror redistributed?redistributed?

Excess unopened chemicals

Excess laboratory glassware (unused or clean)

Consumables with no expiration

Solvent that can be purified

Lower purity suitable for secondary use?

Precious or toxic metals

107107

Precious or toxic metals

Hg, Ag, Pt, Pd, Au, Os, Ir, Rh, Ru

Others?

Chemical RecyclingChemical Recycling PreciousPrecious MetalMetal

For reuse in lab or for exchange

Requires chemical knowledge for labreuse

Recover from solution - evaporate thenIgnite (Au, Pd, Pt)

Reduce with NaBH4

for metal powder or by

electroless plating (Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Rh).

108108

electroless plating (Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Rh).

Electroplate

Metal recovery Ion exchange-then ash

Source : Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Pitt &Pitt, John Wiley, 1986

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Chemical RecyclingChemical Recycling -- SilverSilver

Recovery from chemical oxygen

demand (COD) test

Acidification and ppt as AgCl

Recovery from photographic fixing

solution

Precipitate as sulfide

Precipitate with TMT (trimercapto-s-triazine)

Electrolysis (terminal and in-line)

109109

Metal replacement (iron containing cartridges)

Ion exchange

Many companies will buy the recovered

silver

Chemical RecyclingChemical Recycling -- MercuryMercury

Mercury can be recoveredfor subsequent lab use or

for recycle by vendor

Remove particulates andmoisture by allowing slow

drip through a hole in a

110110

drip through a hole in a

conical filter paper

Never distill Hg on-site

Boiling point must be widelydifferent

Azeotropes may prevent

separation

Sometimes hazards are created

111111

Some solvents do not needcomplete separation

Hardware for separation

Solvent recycling requires care and

organization

K l dKeep solvents segregatedprior to separation (single

product solvent)

No unnecessary dirt due tocareless handling

Requires good labelingA small amount of the wrong

112112

A small amount of the wrongchemical can ruin a desired

separation

Care must be taken not toconcentrate peroxides

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Solvent recycling requires care and

organization

Try other purification methods before distillationConvert to precipitateConvert to water solubleUse an adsorbent

Need BP difference of > 10CCan form azeotrope*

h l ( )

113113

water / ethanol (100C/ 78.3C)

cyclohexane / isobutanol (81C / 108C)Mixture of 4 solvents not practicalDistillation can be incorporated into curriculum

* Consult CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics for list of azeotropes

Rotovap can be used to pretreat

Toxic material may be keptfrom the distillation

May be sufficient if purity isnot crucial

114114

Separation of solvent fromsolids

Individual Substances

Accidents have been reported for these distillations

Individual Substances

Di-isopropyl ether (isopropyl alcohol)Nitromethane

TetrahydrofuranVinylidene chloride (1,1 dichloroethylene)

Mixtures

115115

Chloroform + acetoneAny ether + any ketoneIsopropyl alcohol + any ketoneAny nitro compound + any amine

Hexane contaminated with small amount ofinert solvent used in prep lab

Chemistry students given a finite quantity ofsolvent, then had to recycle for subsequent

experiments

Acetone 50% in water for washing. Azeotropeis 88.5% which is then diluted back with water

for reuse

Use rotovap recovery rather than evaporation

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Use rotovap recovery rather than evaporation.Student will redistill; 60% recovery.

Third wash was captured and used as firstwash on next experiment

Source : Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, 1986.Marion Pitt and Eva Pitt, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 85312-634-8

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Solvent recyclingolvent recycling

Automated systems help with large needs

HPLC Solvent Recycling

GPC Solvent Recycling

Environmental Laboratory Solvent

Recycling

Freon Solvent Recycling

117117

Histology Laboratory Solvent Recycling

General Lab Solvent Recycling Services

Can also be Purchased

Pictures from B/R Instruments: http://www.brinstrument.com/

Evaporation if not excessive

Roto evaporation for recoveryDo not evaporate corrosives orradioactives

Only in laboratory hoodBeware toxics and flammables

Adsorption

Activated carbon

118118

Activated carbon

Ion exchange resinActivated alumina

Precipitation - Extraction

Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Martin Pitt and Eva Pitt, 1986. ISBN 0-85312-634-8

Requires chemical expertise - may not be

allowed by regulations - specific to eachllowed by regulations specific to each

chemical

Dilution to reduce hazard

H2O2, HClO4, HNO3 Never add water to concentrated acid

Neutralization acid base -gentle

Hydrolysis (acid and base)

119119

y y ( )

Active halogen compounds with NaOH

Carboxamides with HCl

Oxidation-reduction

Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Martin Pitt and Eva Pitt, 1986. ISBN 0-85312-634-8

References:

Procedures for the Laboratory-Scale Treatment ofurp us an as e em ca s, ec on . n ru en

Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal ofChemicals, National Academy Press, 1995, availableonline:

http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4911 Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory,

2nd Edition, George Lunn and Eric B. Sansone, WileyInterscience, 1994, ISBN 978-0471573999.

120120

azar ous a ora ory em ca s sposa u e, rEdition, Margaret-Ann Armour, CRC Press, 2003, ISBN978-1566705677

Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Martin Pittand Eva Pitt, 1986. ISBN 0-85312-634-8

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Lab Assessment Exercise

Part 5: Lab AssessmentPreparation for Presentations

122

LunchLunch

Chemical Safety & Security - Chemical Spill

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