Chemical Reactions Chemical Change. Properties of Matter Physical Property Physical Property...
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Transcript of Chemical Reactions Chemical Change. Properties of Matter Physical Property Physical Property...
Properties of Matter Physical Property
Characteristic of a substance Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and
boiling points, physical state Chemical Property
Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance.
Chemical change Reactants are used to create a new material called products.
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure Substance All the particles that make up the substance
are the same. Broken down into 2 categories:1. Elements
Can not be broken down into simpler substances
2. Compounds Pure substances that contain two or more
different elements in a fixed proportion
Pure Substances and Mixtures Mixtures
Combination of pure substances. Broken down into 2 categories:
1. Homogeneous Mixture Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate
components are not visible.2. Heterogeneous Mixture
Mixture is one in which different parts of the mixture are visible
Suspension tiny particles cause a cloudy mixture Salad dressing
Mechanical mixture several solids combined Chocolate chip cookie
Chemicals and Safety (p.511)
HHPS Hazardous Household Product Symbol
WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheet
Atomic Theory Protons
Heavy positively charged particles found in the nucleus Neutrons
Neutral particles that have about the same mass as protons and also found in nucleus
Electrons Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that
circle the nucleus at different energy levels
Elements & the Periodic Table
Periodic Table A structured arrangement of elements that
helps us to explain and predict physical and chemical properties.
Atomic Structure Bohr-Rutherford model
p. 145, fig. 4.9a
Chemical Reactivity
Valence Shells Outer shell of atom, electrons that are in that shell are
called valence electrons.
The chemical properties of elements are related to the energy changes that take place when atoms lose, gain or share electrons to obtain a filled valence shell.
Metals tend to lose electrons (cation) Non-metals tend to gain electrons (anion)
Chemical ReactivityAtoms of Hydrogen and Oxygen are different in
the number of subatomic particles they have This means that their reactivity is going to
be different 2H2 + O2 2H2O
Trends in Periodic Table Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups
(vertical columns) Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals,
halogens, noble gases Trends based on how electrons are
oriented Shells