Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new...
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Transcript of Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new...
![Page 1: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical Reactions:Chapter 9
Reactants change chemical and
physical properties
…. to become new substances made
from the same elements; these
are called products.
![Page 2: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Reactions
• Synthesis or Composition• Decomposition• Single Replacement• Double Displacement• Combustion Reactions
![Page 3: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Composition/ Synthesis Reactions
• A + X AX• An element may react with oxygen
to form the oxide (oxidation)
A X
![Page 4: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Composition/ Synthesis Reactions
• O2 + 2Mg 2 MgO
• oxygen reacts with magnesium to form magnesium oxide
OMg
O
Mg
![Page 5: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Composition/ Synthesis Reactions
• C + O2 CO2
• carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
O C
O
![Page 6: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Practice predicting reactions with oxide and sulfides
1. 2Fe + ____ 2FeO
2. 4 Fe + 3 ___ Fe2O3
3. S8 + 8 O2 8 ____
4. 8 Ba + S8 8 ____
O2
O2
SO2
BaS
![Page 7: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Metals react with halogens.
• 2Na + Cl2 2 NaCl• 2 Co + 3 F2 2 CoF3
• 2 K + I2 2 KI• Sr + Br2 SrBr2
• 2Mg + O2 2 MgO
![Page 8: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Synthesis reactions can also occur with oxides.• Active metal oxides react with water to form
hydroxides. ex:• CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
• Many oxides of nonmetals react with water to form oxyacids. ex:
• SO2 + H2O H2SO3
• Some metal oxides react with nonmetal oxides to form salts.
• CaO + SO2 CaSO3
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Practice
• Active metal oxides react with water to form hydroxides. ex:
• MgO + H2O ________• Many oxides of nonmetals react with
water to form oxyacids. ex:• SO3 + H2O _________
• Some metal oxides react with nonmetal oxides to form salts.
• MgO + NO2 ________
Mg(OH)2
H2SO4
Mg(NO3)2
![Page 10: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DecompositionAX A + X
• 2H2O 2H2 + O2
O
H
H
O
H
HElectrolysis: decomposition of a substanceby an electric current.
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DecompositionAX A + X
• 2HgO 2Hg + O2
OHg
OHg
This reactionoccurs when youheat orange coloredmercury (II) oxide.
Silver mercury and oxygen gas form.
![Page 12: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Decompositionof metal carbonatesACO3 AO + CO2 (g)• CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
OCa
O
This reactionoccurs when youheat calcium carbonate.
calcium oxide and carbondioxide form.
O
C
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Decompositionof metal hydroxidesAOH AO + CO2 (g)• Ca(OH)2 (s) CaO (s) + H2O (g)
H
Ca
O
This reactionoccurs when youheat calcium hydroxide
calcium oxide and waterform.
OH
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Decomposition of metal chloratesAClO3 ACl + O2 (g)
• 2KClO3 (s) 2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g)
K
O
This reactionoccurs when youheat potassium chlorate.
potassium chloride and oxygen form.
Cl
OK
O
O
ClO
O
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Decomposition of acidsH2CO3 (aq) H2O (g) + CO2 (g)
Carbonic aciddecomposes whenwarmed.
water and carbon dioxide form.
O
OO
C
HH
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Single DisplacementA+ BX AX + Bor:Y + BX BY + X• Replacement of a metal in a compound by another
metal.
2 Al (s) + 3Pb(NO3)2 3Pb +2 Al(NO3)3
Al
Al
Pb2+
N
O
OO
N
O
O
O
NO
O
O
NO
O
O
N
O
O
O
NO
O O
Pb2+
Pb2+
![Page 17: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Single DisplacementA+ BX AX + Bor:Y + BX BY + X• Replacement of a metal in a
compound by another metal.2 Al (s) + 3Pb(NO3)2 3Pb +2 Al(NO3)3
Al3+Al3+
Pb
N O
O
OPb
N O
O
O
Pb
NO
O O
NO
O
O
NO
OO
NO
O O
![Page 18: Chemical Reactions: Chapter 9 Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6f6d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Single DisplacementA+ BX AX + Bor:Y + BX BY + X• Replacement of a hydrogen in a
compound by a metal.2 Na (s) + 2 H2O (l) 2 NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Na
NaO
H
H
O
H
H
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Single DisplacementA+ BX AX + Bor:Y + BX BY + X• Replacement of a hydrogen in a
compound by a metal.Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Mg
Cl
H
Cl
H
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Single DisplacementA+ BX AX + Bor:Y + BX BY + X• Replacement of halogens
Cl2 (g) + 2 KBr (aq) 2 KCl (aq) + Br2 (g)
ClK
Br
Br
K
Cl
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Double Replacement Reactions (double displacement)• Formation of a precipitate.• 2 KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) PbI2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)
K
K
I
Pb2+
N
O
OO
NO
OO
I
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Double Replacement Reactions (double displacement)• Formation of a gas.• FeS (s) + 2 HCl(aq) H2S (g) + FeCl2 (aq)
Fe2+S
Cl
H
Cl
H
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Double Replacement Reactions (double displacement)• Formation of a water.• NaOH (s) + HCl(aq) H2O (g) + NaCl2 (aq)
Na+
Cl
H
OH
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Combustion Reactions
• A substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O
O
H
H
O
H
H
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Combustion Reactions• A substance combines with oxygen, releasing a
large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
C3H8 (g) +5 O2 (g) 4 H2O + 3 CO2
CC C
H
H
HH
H
HH
HO
OO
O
O
O
OO
O
O
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Combustion Reactions• A substance combines with oxygen, releasing a
large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
C3H8 (g) +5 O2 (g) 4 H2O + 3 CO2
C
C
C
HH
H
H
HH
H
H O
OO
O
O
O
OO
O
O