Chemical Hygiene Plan Bethel UniversityThe handbook Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous...
Transcript of Chemical Hygiene Plan Bethel UniversityThe handbook Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous...
Chemical Hygiene Plan
Bethel University
August 2013
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1
Section 1: Scope of Plan ...........................................................................................................2
Section 2: Program Responsibilities ..................................................................................... 3-5
Section 3: Information and Training ...................................................................................... 6-7
Section 4: Control Measures ............................................................................................... 8-10
Section 5: Standard Operating Procedures for Laboratories & Chemicals ....................... 11-13
Section 6: Compressed Gas Cylinders .....................................................................................14
Section 7: Chemical Spills, Accidents and Emergencies .................................................. 15-16
Section 8: Hazardous Chemicals ..................................................................................... 17-21
Section 9: Medical Examinations and Consultations ....................................................... 22-24
Section 10: Recordkeeping ....................................................................................................25
APPENDICES:
Appendix A: Health Effects & Common Lab Hazards
Appendix B: Training Checklist
Appendix C: Program Activities & Laboratory Safety/Fume Hood Inspection Checklists
Appendix D: Science Laboratory Safety Policies (Faculty & Student)
Appendix E: The Laboratory Facility & Chemical Storage Recommendations
Appendix F: Permeation Resistance Guide for Chemical Resistant Gloves
Appendix G: Very High Risk & High Risk Chemicals
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Bethel University
Chemical Hygiene Plan
INTRODUCTION
This document is designed to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450. This regulation, sometimes referred to as the Laboratory Standard, regulates
occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in chemical laboratories. Laboratories, including
educational laboratories that use hazardous chemicals, are required to meet this standard and develop a
Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP). This Chemical Hygiene Plan describes the policies and practices used in
the instructional science laboratories to accomplish the following goals:
Chemicals are handled, stored and disposed of in a safe manner.
Minimize potential exposure of faculty, student assistants and students to hazardous chemicals.
Implement an institutional policy to promote continuity of good laboratory practices.
Provide faculty, students and student assistants with appropriate safety training including the
hazards of chemicals with which they are working and safe operating procedures.
Maintain a system of documentation to demonstrate compliance with this Chemical Hygiene
Plan.
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Section 1 Scope of Plan Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
1.0 SCOPE OF PLAN
This plan applies where "laboratory use" of hazardous chemicals occurs. At Bethel University,
this plan applies to the laboratories used for instruction of all courses where hazardous chemicals
are used and the chemical storage areas. Specifically included are all teaching laboratories,
student research areas, faculty research areas, and other similar areas used by the Biology,
Chemistry and Physics Departments. Also specifically included are the chemical storage areas in
Rooms AC105, AC112A, AC138 and AC237.
This plan covers faculty and support personnel who use chemicals in teaching and research
laboratories at Bethel University, e.g., instructors, laboratory personnel and student assistants.
It is the policy of the University that students, while not legally covered under this standard, will
be given training commensurate with the level of hazard associated with their laboratory work
and be required to follow its guidelines.
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Section 2 Program Responsibilities Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
2.0 PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES
2.1 Employer
A. University-Wide
Bethel University is responsible for developing and supporting a broad-based
chemical hygiene program that will protect its laboratory employees from the hazards
associated with laboratory chemicals. The Bethel University Provost is responsible
for appointing a University-wide (CHO) Chemical Hygiene Officer, and integrating
safety into all of its activities, for promoting the same attitude among all levels of
employment at the University, and for providing adequate time and recognition for
employees who are given laboratory safety responsibilities.
B. Academic Departments
Each academic department that engages in the laboratory will identify at least one
laboratory and safety coordinator to serve as a focal point for laboratory health and
safety activities within the unit and as liaison with the University-wide (CHO)
Chemical Hygiene Officer:
2.2 Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO)
A. The Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) is appointed by the Provost of Bethel
University.
B. Serves as the technical advisor to the Natural Sciences Division on issues of chemical
hygiene and the management of hazardous chemicals.
C. Serves as a resource for assistance with the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
D. Serves as a resource for campus-wide chemical safety.
E. Maintains a current copy of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
F. Provides assistance to faculty and staff in the proper handling of hazardous material
spills and other emergencies.
G. Informs the appropriate personnel within the Natural Sciences Division of any
changes in legal requirements pertaining to regulated substances as needed.
2.3 Facilities Management
A. Performs all necessary maintenance for laboratory ventilation systems including
fume hoods, local exhaust systems and general ventilation in accordance with federal
and state regulations.
B. Conducts annual testing of fume hoods and maintains records of annual fume hood
inspections and performance of individual fume hoods.
C. Maintains laboratory and building systems including, but not limited to all HVAC,
plumbing and electrical systems.
D. Conducts annual fire extinguisher inspections in accordance with applicable
regulations.
E. Maintains all emergency systems such as fire alarms, sprinkler systems and
emergency lighting systems.
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Section 2 Program Responsibilities
(Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
F. Repairs any hazard or safety concerns pertaining the building or mechanical systems.
G. Alerts the appropriate personnel of any possible hazards.
H. Maintains a contract with MSDSonline® for Bethel University’s Material Safety
Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets as outlined in the Employee Right-to-Know Program.
2.4 Department Chairperson
A. Implementation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
B. Schedules time for employees to attend designated training sessions.
C. Assures that potential hazards of specific projects have been identified and addressed
before work is started.
D. Enforces safe work practices and reports hazardous conditions to the Chemical
Hygiene Officer and/or Laboratory and Safety Coordinator.
2.5 Laboratory and Safety Coordinator
A. Oversee the daily operations of college laboratories within their respective
departments within Natural Sciences Division. Address health and safety issues in
their designated laboratories.
B. Inform all laboratory workers (employees and work study students) of the guidelines
put forth in the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
C. Maintain responsibility for laboratory safety, regulatory compliance and
implementation of, and compliance with, the Chemical Hygiene Plan for laboratories
within their applicable departments.
D. Oversee the proper disposal of all hazardous and chemical waste generated within
their respective laboratories.
E. Conduct required testing of the function of emergency equipment including but not
limited to, eye wash stations and safety showers. Maintains access to emergency
equipment through general housekeeping.
F. Work with faculty in the development of Standard Operating Procedures for specific
hazardous procedures.
G. Identify hazardous or potentially hazardous chemicals or processes in the laboratory.
H. Report possible overexposures to hazardous chemicals to Human Resources,
Chemical Hygiene Officer and Department Chairperson.
I. Inspect and control inventory of hazardous chemicals used in his/her department to
minimize inventory and assure proper safety.
J. Serve on the Laboratory safety committee and complete semi-annual inspections of
laboratories and annual review of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
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Section 2 Program Responsibilities
(Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
2.6 Faculty/Instructors
A. When designing a new experiment, considers the hazards involved and chooses to
use chemicals (starting materials, intermediates and products) which will provide the
desired learning experience with minimum hazard. Investigates the hazards of each
chemical being introduced to the laboratory for the first time by procuring a
MSDS/SDS sheet for that chemical. Substitutes less hazardous chemicals when
practical.
B. Provides laboratory assistants, students conducting research and laboratory managers
under his/her direction with safety and health information needed to avoid hazards
prior to their involvement in experiments.
C. Assures that pre-lab discussions include consideration of specific safety and health
hazards of the experiment, safety equipment to be used and steps to be taken in case
of emergency. Makes learning how to be safe an integral part of the chemical
education process.
D. Sets a good example by observing all rules, wearing recommended protective
equipment, being enthusiastic about safety and follows all good housekeeping rules.
E. During laboratory period inspects to see that students are following instructions and
proves prompt correction when needed. Insists on safe procedures and use of
Personal Protective Equipment.
F. Reports accidents, near misses or significant safety/health incidents to the appropriate
Laboratory and Safety Coordinator promptly.
G. Ensures that hazardous waste is properly collected and labeled correctly, and informs
the Laboratory and Safety Coordinator of the waste for proper storage.
H. Ensures that all operations under his/her direction are performed in accordance with
the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
2.7 Student Workers
A. Attends all required training.
B. Wears Personal Protective Equipment as required.
C. Performs all required tasks in accordance with the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
D. Maintains ultimate responsibility for his/her personal on the job safety.
E. Reports potential or suspected hazards to the appropriate Laboratory and Safety
Coordinator.
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Section 3 Training and Information Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
3.0 INFORMATION AND TRAINING
3.1 Information
Accessibility of information on the hazards of chemicals and procedures for working
safely are essential for laboratory employees and students. The following information
sources will be accessible to all employees engaged in the laboratory use of hazardous
chemicals:
A. The Bethel Chemical Hygiene Plan is available from the Chemical Hygiene Officer
and the laboratory and safety coordinators.
B. Material safety data sheets/safety data sheets (MSDS/SDS) are available from the
departmental laboratory and safety coordinators in the department in which you are
working. All Bethel staff, faculty, and students can also access the MSDS/SDS
information from any computer (personal or departmental).
To access MSDS/SDS electronically please follow this path:
1. Go to Blink.bethel.edu and log in.
2. On the Blink home page, click on the Campus Services tab on the top of the
page.
3. On the Campus Services page, click on the Facilities Management Home link
located in the Facilities Management window.
4. On the Facilities Management Home page, click on the MSDSonline® link.
5. Once on MSDSonline®, select the appropriate science department.
6. Begin your search for the MSDS/SDS you need.
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) and/or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) are listed
in the MSDS/SDS as well as information about carcinogens and reproductive toxins.
The handbook Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
(Prudent Practices) prepared by the National Research Council's Committee on
Hazardous Substances in the Laboratory is available from departmental laboratory
and safety coordinators.
C. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals, as well as
information on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous
chemicals found in the laboratory are found in Prudent Practices.
D. Information on clean-up and spill response can be found in the MSDS/SDS.
E. Information on chemical waste disposal can be found in the Flinn Scientific Catalog /
Reference Handbook and in NRC's Prudent Practices for Handling Chemicals in
Laboratories. These are available from the laboratory and safety coordinators. Prior
to chemical waste disposal, the laboratory and safety coordinators should be
consulted. Bethel University’s Management Plan for Hazardous Waste is available
in the Facilities Management Department.
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Section 3 Training and Information
(Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
3.2 Training
Employees will be provided with training on chemical hazards in their laboratory (work)
area and how to limit (control) exposure to such chemicals. Such training will be
provided at the time of an employee's initial assignment in a work area or laboratory
where hazardous chemicals are present. Refresher training will be provided when new
exposure situations occur and as needed.
Employee training programs will include, at a minimum, the following subjects:
A. Location and availability of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
B. Name and contact information for the Chemical Hygiene Officer.
C. Basic toxicological principles, including toxicity, hazard, exposure, routes of entry,
acute and chronic effects, dose-response relationship, LD50, threshold limit values
and permissible exposure limits, exposure time, and physical and health hazards
related to classes of chemicals used in the laboratories.
D. Good laboratory practice, including labeling, general techniques designed to reduce
personal exposure to hazardous chemicals and to control physical hazards, as well as
specific protective mechanisms and warning systems used in individual laboratories.
Appropriate use of fume hoods will be specifically addressed;
E. Description of information available, including Chemical Hygiene Plan, OSHA
Standard, and MSDS/SDS;
F. Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a
hazardous chemical.
G. Emergency response actions appropriate to individual laboratories;
H. An introduction to proper chemical waste disposal.
I. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the
laboratory.
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Section 4 Control Measures Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
4.0 CONTROL MEASURES
The intent of control measures is to limit potential exposure to hazardous chemicals. The exact
control measures used must fit the nature of the hazard and the potential for exposure. The
science instructor or other laboratory professional is expected to use their best professional
judgment to determine what specific control measures may be needed to address a particular
situation. In the instructional setting at Bethel University the main control measures are 1)
ventilation & laboratory fume hoods, 2) personal protective equipment (PPE), 3) chemical storage
cabinets, and 4) emergency equipment.
4.1 Ventilation & Laboratory Fume Hoods
Science lab classrooms require one cubic foot per minute (cfm) exhaust per square foot
based on ASHRAE / Minnesota Mechanical Code.
Fume hoods are used when working with odorous, annoying or irritating materials,
volatile solvents where the vapor concentration may approach the flammable limits, or
volatile chemicals where the vapor concentration may approach the TLV.
Fume hoods are inspected annually as part of the lab safety inspection to check: 1) that
the fume hood is in good condition and functioning properly, 2) that the face velocity is
sufficient (80-120 linear feet per minute) and 3) that chemicals are stored properly.
Laboratory employees should understand and comply with:
A. A fume hood is a safety backup for condensers, traps, or other devices that collect
vapors and fumes. It is not used to "dispose" of chemicals by evaporation unless the
vapors are trapped and recovered for proper waste disposal.
B. Any equipment inside the hood should be placed on the floor of the hood at least six
inches away from the front edge.
C. The fume hood sash should be lowered (closed) at all times except when necessary to
raise (open) the sash to perform work.
D. The hood fan should be kept "on" whenever a chemical is inside the hood, whether or
not any work is being performed in the hood.
E. Personnel should be aware of the steps to be taken in the event of power failure or
other hood failure.
F. Inspect hood vent ducts and fans at least once per year to be sure they are clean and
clear of obstructions (performed by maintenance/repair personnel).
G. Hoods should not be used as storage areas for chemicals, apparatus, or other
materials.
4.2 Personal Protective Equipment
Carefully inspect all personal protective equipment (PPE) before using. Do not
use defective or dirty protective equipment.
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Section 4 Control Measures
(Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
Eye protection. Chemical Safety Goggles should be worn at all time in the
laboratory. Junior and Senior students may wear chemical safety glasses instead of
goggles when appropriate.
Eye protection worn when working with chemicals should meet the
requirements of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z87.1.
Wear goggles such as type G (no ventilation) or type H (indirect ventilation)
at all times, except as noted above.
Face protection. Full-face shields may be required or desirable for certain operations
such as handling concentrated mineral acids or in situations where spattering of
corrosive materials could occur. When warranted, wear a face shield large enough to
protect the chin, neck, and ears, as well as the face. Face shields are not considered
to be eye protection, so eye protection must be worn under the face shield.
Protective clothing. In general, anyone working in a lab should wear clothing that
minimizes skin exposure. This includes long sleeve shirts and blouses, long pants and
closed-toe shoes. Laboratory aprons or coats are required whenever corrosive
materials, such as mineral acids or bases, are used.
Hand protection. Gloves should be worn whenever there is any possibility of hand
contact with corrosive or toxic materials. Gloves must be chosen that are compatible
with the material being handled and should be inspected for pin holes before use (do
not inflate by mouth). Please refer to glove chemical resistance guide in Appendix F
to select appropriate gloves.
Foot protection. Always wear low-heeled shoes with fully covering "uppers"; do
not wear shoes with open toes or with uppers constructed of woven material or
sandals.
Respiratory protection. In the instructional setting at Bethel University there should
never be a necessity to wear a respirator. Therefore, respirators are not provided.
Whenever exposure by inhalation is likely to exceed the threshold limits, a fume
hood must be used.
4.3 Chemical Storage Cabinets
Ventilated chemical storage cabinets are in the storage room within Room AC105. Spill
containment should be used in these cabinets where appropriate.
Cabinets designed for the storage of flammable materials should be properly used
and maintained. Read and follow the manufacturer's information and also follow
these safety practices:
A. Store only compatible materials inside a cabinet.
B. Do not store paper or cardboard or other combustible packaging material in a
flammable-liquid storage cabinet.
C. The manufacturer establishes quantity limits for various sizes of flammable-liquid
storage cabinets; ensure quantities remain below limits.
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Section 4 Control Measures
(Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
4.4 Emergency Equipment
Fire extinguishers. These are located throughout all of the labs. Annual inspection is
the responsibility of the Bethel University Facility Management. The laboratory and
safety coordinator is responsible for arranging for this inspection. Monthly
inspections are performed by a designated individual in each department.
Safety shower. Safety showers, located in Rooms AC108, AC108A, AC108C,
AC109, AC111A, AC111B, AC112, AC121, AC124, AC139, AC132, AC141,
AC156, AC157, AC236, and AC237, are flushed and checked for proper operation
weekly by each department. The laboratory and safety coordinator of each
department is responsible for arranging for this inspection. Review ANSI Z358.1 for
water flow and placement requirements. Be sure that access to shower is not
restricted or blocked by temporary storage of objects or in any other way.
Eyewash stations. The eye wash stations in each lab must be flushed and checked
for proper operation weekly. Weekly flushing is performed by a designated
individual in each department. Review ANSI Z358.1 for water flow and placement
requirements. Be sure that access to eyewash is not restricted or blocked by
temporary storage of objects or in any other way.
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Section 5 Standard Operating Procedures for
Laboratories, Chemicals
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
5.0 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LABORATORIES, CHEMICALS
5.1 Rules for the Chemical Lab
A. General Rules
1. Precautions
a. NEVER work alone in a laboratory or chemical storage area.
b. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment at all times.
c. When working with flammable chemicals, be certain that there are no
sources of ignition near enough to cause a fire or explosion in the event of a
vapor release or liquid spill.
d. Use a tip-resistant shield for protection whenever an explosion or implosion
might occur.
2. Awareness
For the chemicals they are working with, employees and students should know
and constantly be aware of:
a. The chemical hazards, as determined from the MSDS/SDS and other
appropriate references.
b. Appropriate safeguards for using that chemical, including personal protective
equipment.
c. The location and proper use of emergency equipment.
d. How and where to properly store the chemical when it is not in use.
e. Proper personal hygiene practices.
f. The proper methods of transporting chemicals within the facility.
g. Appropriate procedures for emergencies, including evacuation routes, spill
cleanup procedures and proper waste disposal.
B. Personal Hygiene
1. Wash promptly whenever a chemical has contacted the skin.
2. Avoid inhalation of chemicals; do not "sniff" to test chemicals.
3. Do not use mouth suction to pipet anything; use suction bulbs.
4. Wash well with soap and water before leaving the laboratory; do not wash with
solvents.
5. Do not drink, eat, smoke, or apply cosmetics in the laboratory.
6. Do not bring food, beverages, tobacco, or cosmetic products into chemical
storage or use areas.
C. Housekeeping
1. Access to emergency equipment, showers, eyewashes, and exits should never be
blocked, not even a temporarily parked chemical cart. Know where safety
equipment is located.
2. Chemical containers must be labeled with at least the identity of the contents and
the hazards those contents present to users.
3. Keep work areas, especially laboratory benches, clear of clutter.
4. Keep entrances and exits, aisles, hallways, and stairs clear of chemicals.
5. Chemicals should be returned to the stockroom or placed in their assigned
storage areas at the end of each workday.
6. At the end of each workday, the contents of unlabeled containers are to be
considered wastes.
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Section 5 Standard Operating Procedures for
Laboratories, Chemicals (Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
7. Wastes should be properly labeled and kept in their proper containers.
8. Promptly clean up all spills; properly dispose of the spilled chemical and cleanup
materials. Procedures can be found in MSDS/SDS.
9. Working surfaces should be cleaned after every lab or use.
10. Floors should be cleaned regularly.
11. No chemicals are to be stored on desks or floors in the laboratories.
12. DO NOT STORE CHEMICALS IN THE FUME HOODS!
D. Prior Approval
Employees should obtain prior approval to proceed with a laboratory task before use
of an acutely hazardous, particularly hazardous, or radioactive substance.
E. Spills and Accidents
Spills of toxic substances or accidents involving any hazardous chemical should be
resolved immediately; see Section 7 for further details.
5.2 Chemicals Procurement, Handling and Storage
A. Procurement
Bethel University works to maintain reasonable chemical inventories. To meet this
goal, we support careful laboratory planning. Instructors are encouraged to not
attempt to consume excess budgets through excess chemical purchases and to
critically evaluate if quantity-based purchase savings will pay off in the long run.
Instructors should also consider expiration and shelf life when ordering. Stockrooms
will be cleaned out every five years and, if a chemical has not been used during this
time period, it will be disposed of.
Chemicals are selected and/or approved by each department's laboratory and safety
coordinator. Requisitions should be submitted to the departmental laboratory and
safety coordinator for discounted ordering.
Before a new chemical that is known or suspected to be hazardous is received, those
individuals who will handle it must have information on proper handling, storage,
and disposal. It is the responsibility of the laboratory and safety coordinators and the
CHO to make sure that the laboratory facilities in which the hazardous chemicals will
be handled are adequate. If additional training is required on incoming chemicals,
the laboratory and safety coordinator or CHO will arrange training for those who will
handle the chemicals.
Note: No container should be accepted without an adequate identifying label.
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Section 5 Standard Operating Procedures for
Laboratories, Chemicals (Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
B. Handling
Chemicals are delivered to the department's laboratory and safety coordinator. The
chemicals are then arranged to be delivered to the appropriate science department
after arrival. The laboratory and safety coordinators will store the chemicals in the
chemical storage area and will file or enter electronically the product’s original
MSDS/SDS, which is provided by the vendor. The following procedures are
followed when transporting or transferring chemicals:
Two hands are used when carrying a chemical container.
The container-within-a-container concept is used whenever moving chemical
containers more than a short distance. Large containers (1L or larger) of
corrosives are always transported from the stockroom or storage area in a
chemically resistant bucket or other container designed for this purpose. Stairs
must be negotiated carefully. Elevators are not used for carrying chemicals
C. Storage
Bethel University encourages as little chemical storage as is needed for current labs
and research. The following procedures are followed where chemicals are stored:
Chemicals are stored according to established compatibility and segregation
principles. See Appendix E for recommended storage patterns.
Flammable liquids are stored in approved cabinets.
Ethers and other forms of peroxidizable materials are not stored past their
expiration date, as they tend to form explosive and shock-sensitive peroxides.
New bottles of chemicals are dated and properly stored.
Boxes of chemicals are not stored on top of one another.
Aisles are not blocked with equipment or chemicals.
Materials are not stored in front of safety eyewashes and showers, exit doors, fire
extinguishers, or other safety equipment.
Laboratory equipment or other materials are not stored within 18 inches of
sprinkler heads.
Liquid chemicals are not stored on shelves above eye level.
Storage shelves have one-inch stops installed on the front of the shelf.
Chemicals are properly labeled
5.3 Safety Inspections
The following inspections are conducted:
Fume hoods – annually
Formal laboratory inspections – semi-annually
Fire extinguishers – monthly
Eyewash and shower stations – weekly
Personal protective equipment – prior to each use
A calendar of inspections and forms for each inspection listed above can be found in
Appendix C.
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Section 6 Compressed Gas Cylinders Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
6.0 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
6.1 Handling and Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders
Cylinders of compressed gases are hazardous for several reasons. They are under
high pressure and therefore contain a large amount of energy. They may contain a
toxic or flammable chemical. Some compressed gases (e.g. helium and nitrogen) are
inert, non-toxic and nonflammable. However, release of a large quantity of either gas
in a poorly ventilated area could displace enough oxygen in the surrounding
atmosphere to cause asphyxiation.
Cylinders should always be stored and used in a well-ventilated area and away from
any heat source.
A stored cylinder must always have a cylinder cap and be strapped firmly in place.
A cylinder in use must be firmly secured with a strap or chain to insure that it cannot
tip or fall.
An empty cylinder must be tagged and labeled as “EMPTY.”.
A cylinder can only be moved with a cylinder cart and must be strapped onto the cart.
A cylinder should be checked for leaks when first put into service.
The proper regulator shall always be used. The regulator should be inspected prior to
use.
Regulators must never be lubricated. Teflon tape may be used on fittings to insure a
snug fit.
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Section 7 Chemical Spills, Accidents and Emergencies Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
7.0 CHEMICAL SPILLS, ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES
7.1 General Emergency Response
Emergency procedures are governed by the Chief of Security and Safety and the Bethel
University Emergency Procedure Protocols. Please reference the university’s Emergency
Procedure Protocols for details.
Accidents involving injury are immediately assessed for severity. If the injury can be
handled internally, the employee or student is taken to the Health Services Office located
in Townhouse H. Otherwise, please call 911 for urgent help and then immediately call
University Security at 651-638-6055. Staff, students and student assistants shall be
instructed on the location and correct use of the emergency shower and eye wash stations.
7.2 Spill Response
The proper way to respond to a spill is to be familiar with the hazardous properties of the
spilled chemical. Refer to the MSDS/SDS for chemical-specific information on spill
response. Spill containment and clean up materials are available in all teaching labs and
stockrooms within the Chemistry, Biology, and Physics departments. Students or
assistants should contact a faculty member or the Laboratory Safety Officer before or
immediately after containing a spill to assess further cleanup and disposal methods. A
decision can then be made about the appropriate response, which will depend on the size
of the spill and the hazard potential of the chemical.
In the event of a chemical spill, the following basic chemical spill procedures are
followed. Emergency contact information is posted by the phones near the hazardous
waste storage and the chemical stock room
A. Solid Material Spills
Alert other persons to the spill and the need to evacuate the area.
Cordon off the area.
Determine the degree of hazard before attempting to clean up and take the
necessary preventative measures (e.g., PPE).
Wear PPE appropriate for the situation.
Generally, solids of low toxicity can be swept up into a dustpan and placed into a
container compatible with the chemical. Damp toweling should be used to pick
up and transfer materials of higher toxicity level to a compatible waste container.
Review the MSDS/SDS to confirm that the material is not water sensitive before
using this procedure.
Double bag contaminated clean up materials and seal. Label disposal containers
or bags with a descriptive name, the words “Hazardous Waste,” and the date.
When clean-up operations are complete, wash hands with soap and water.
Clean, dry, and place PPE back in storage.
Arrange for proper storage and disposal of hazardous waste with the laboratory
and safety coordinators.
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Section 7 Chemical Spills, Accidents and Emergencies
(Continued)
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
B. Liquid Chemical Spills
Alert other persons to the spill and the need to evacuate the area.
Cordon off the area.
Determine the degree of hazard before attempting to clean up and take the
necessary preventative measures (e.g., PPE).
Wear PPE (goggles, face shield, gloves) appropriate for the situation.
Confine or contain spill to smallest area possible with absorbent pads or
absorbent dikes from designated spill kits to prevent liquid from going down a
floor drain.
For small quantities of spills, use absorbent pads from spill kits.
For large spills, contain spill using absorbent dikes. After containment of spill,
contact laboratory and safety coordinator.
Carefully pick up broken glass using mechanical means such as tongs or a broom
and dustpan (do not use your fingers).
Carefully pick up and clean cartons, bottles, or equipment that may have been
splashed and contaminated. If absorbent has been used to clean up flammable or
volatile chemicals, store in a well-ventilated area, away from heat or ignition
sources.
Double bag contaminated clean up materials and seal. These materials must be
disposed of as hazardous waste. Label all disposal containers or bags with a
descriptive name, the words “Hazardous Waste,” and the date.
When clean-up operations are complete, wash hands with soap and water.
Clean, dry, and place non-disposable PPE back in storage.
Arrange for proper storage and disposal of hazardous waste with the laboratory
and safety coordinators.
Never assume gases or vapors do not exist or are harmless because of a lack of smell.
Many hazardous chemicals anesthetize the nose and the sense of smell is eliminated,
or they do not have any odor at all.
For further information on proper hazardous waste disposal, please refer to Bethel
University’s Management Plan for Hazardous Waste.
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Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals Date: 8/26/13
Revised: 1/14/2015
8.0 HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
8.1 Particularly Hazardous Substances
Within the definition of hazardous substances, the OSHA Laboratory Standard includes a
subcategory called "particularly hazardous substances." These are:
A. Substances with High Acute Toxicity
1. A chemical with an oral LD50 equal or less than 50 milligrams per kilogram
(mg/kg),
2. A chemical with a dermal LD50 equal or less than 200 mg/kg when administered
by continuous contact for 24 hours,
3. A chemical with an LC50 equal or less than 200 ppm by volume or 2 mg/liter of
mist, fume or dust over one hour of inhalation.
B. Carcinogens
1. Regulated carcinogens listed in subpart Z of the OSHA standard.
2. Listed as “known to be carcinogens” in the Annual Report on Carcinogens
published by the National Toxicology Program.
3. A Group 1 carcinogen “carcinogenic to humans” as well as group 2A and 2B
“reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens” listed by the International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC).
C. Reproductive Toxins
1. Mutagens or substances causing chromosomal damage
2. Teratogens or substances having an effect on a fetus
3. For a detailed list of reproductive toxins, go to:
http://www.oehha.org/prop65/prop65_list/files/P65single072613.pdf
Some chemicals meeting the definition of a particularly hazardous chemical are
used in the instructional labs. Please refer to Appendix G for list of high and
very high risk chemicals. When this occurs, in addition to following the usual lab
rules, the following procedures should be used:
Keep quantities to an absolute minimum. This normally means that less than
60 ml of a solution or liquid reagent should be at each work station or that
the materials shall only be used in a hood.
Students should be informed of the particular hazard by way of written or
verbal warnings.
Volatile chemicals should be used in the hood and students will be closely
supervised by the laboratory instructor.
Materials should always be used with spill containment.
Students may be required to wear gloves depending on the material handled.
Students should wash their hands following use of these materials.
In the event that a student worker is required to handle a particularly hazardous
chemical, each of the applicable requirements listed above will be followed with
the addition provision that the work may only be done at the direction of and
with the direct supervision of the laboratory and safety coordinator or a faculty
member.
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Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals
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8.2 Procedure-Specific Safety Procedures
Employees should read and understand these practices before commencing a procedure.
Employees must also receive prior approval from the LSC before procuring, commencing
work with, or disposing any of the types of materials listed in this section.
A. Procedures for Toxic Chemicals Chemicals that are considered toxic can often be identified on the manufacturer’s
label. On labels using the GHS hazard identification system, they can be identified
by either a or a symbol. On NFPA labels (diamond-shaped), there will be
a 3 or 4 in the blue section of the label.
The MSDS/SDS for many of the chemicals used in the laboratory will state
recommended limits or OSHA-mandated exposure limits in section 8 of the SDS
format. Typical limits are threshold limit values (TLV), permissible exposure limits
(PEL), and action levels. When such limits are stated, they will be used to assist the
Chemical Hygiene Officer in determining the safety precautions, control measures,
and safety apparel that apply when working with toxic chemicals.
1. When a TLV or PEL value is less than 50 parts per million (ppm) or 100
milligrams per cubic meter of air (mg/m3), the user of the chemical must use it
in an operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or similar device, which is
equipped with appropriate traps and/or scrubbers. If none are available, no
work should be performed using that chemical.
2. If a TLV, PEL, or comparable value is not available for that substance, the
animal or human median inhalation lethal concentration information will be
reviewed. If that value is less than 200 ppm or 2000 mg/m3 (when administered
continuously for one hour or less) then the chemical must be used in an
operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or similar device, which is
equipped with appropriate traps and/or scrubbers. If none are available, no
work should be performed using that chemical.
3. Whenever laboratory handling of toxic substances with moderate or greater
vapor pressures will be likely to exceed air concentration limits, laboratory work
with such liquids and solids will be conducted in a fume hood, glove box,
vacuum line, or similar device, which is equipped with appropriate traps and/or
scrubbers. If none are available, no work should be performed using that
chemical.
B. Procedures for Flammable Chemicals In general, the flammability of a chemical is determined by its flash point, the lowest
temperature at which an ignition source can cause the chemical to ignite momentarily
under certain controlled conditions. Flammability information is often given in the
manufacturer’s MSDS/SDS and may be found in section 2 of the SDS format.
1. Chemicals with a flash point below 200oF (93.3oC) will be considered “fire-
hazard chemicals."
2. Chemicals that are a “fire hazard” can often be identified on the manufacturer’s
label. On labels using the GHS hazard identification system, they can be
identified by either a or a (for explosive risks) symbol. On NFPA
labels, there will be a 1 through 4 in the red section of the label.
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3. OSHA standards and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines
on when a chemical is considered flammable apply to the use of flammable
chemicals in the laboratory. In all work with fire-hazard chemicals, follow the
requirements of 29 CFR, subparts H and L; NFPA Manual 30, "Flammable and
Combustible Liquids Code"; and NFPA Manual 45, "Fire Protection for
Laboratories Using Chemicals."
4. Fire-hazard chemicals should be stored in a flammable-solvent storage area or in
storage cabinets designed for flammable materials.
5. Fire-hazard chemicals should be used only in vented hoods and away from
sources of ignition.
C. Procedures for Corrosive Chemicals and Contact Hazard Chemicals Chemicals that are considered corrosive can often be identified on the manufacturer’s
label. On labels using the GHS hazard identification system, they can be identified
by either a (corrosivity) or a (allergy and sensitivity) symbol. On labels
with the NFPA symbol there will be a 3 or 4 in the blue section of the label.
Corrosivity, allergenic, and sensitizer information is sometimes given in
manufacturers' MSDS/SDS, often in section 2 and section 11 on the SDS format.
Also, guidelines on which chemicals are corrosive can be found in other OSHA
standards and in regulations promulgated by DCRT in 49 CFR and the EPA in 40
CFR.
1. A corrosive chemical is one that:
a. Fits the OSHA definition of corrosive in Appendix A of 29 CFR 1910.1200,
b. Fits the EPA definition of corrosive in 40 CFR 261.22 (has a pH greater than
12 or less than 2.5), or
c. Is known or found to be corrosive to living tissue.
2. A contact-hazard chemical is an allergen or sensitizer that:
a. Is so identified or described in the MSDS/SDS or on the label,
b. Is so identified or described in the medical or industrial hygiene literature, or
c. Is known or found to be an allergen or sensitizer.
3. Handle corrosive chemicals with all proper safety precautions, including wearing
both safety goggles and face shield, gloves tested for absence of pin holes and
known to be resistant to permeation or penetration, and a laboratory apron or
laboratory coat.
D. Procedures for Controlled Substances The purchase, storage and use of many drugs are regulated under Federal Title 21
CFR Part 1300 and the Minnesota Board of Pharmacy (Minnesota Statutes Chapters
151 and 152) as controlled substances. Every person who engages in research with
controlled substances must contact Dr. Jonathan Van Berkom at 651-638-6934 (DEA
license registrant) prior to any orders or research/lab activities. Prior approval
applies to all I-V (1-5) scheduled compounds including exempt compounds. The
research use of these controlled substances can be hazardous based on the specific
chemical properties and planned use. Health, safety, security, licensing, and waste
concerns must be addressed prior to conducting research using controlled substances.
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Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals
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E. Procedures for Anesthetic Gases Anesthetic gases, used during research involving animals, must be properly
controlled to avoid overexposure of the researcher to the chemical. Workers acutely
exposed to excess amounts of anesthetic gas can experience symptoms of drowsiness,
headache, nausea, poor judgment and loss of coordination. Chronic symptoms of
over-exposure can include liver, kidney and reproductive effects. Anesthetics of
concern include carbon dioxide, ether and halogenated agents including: chloroform,
enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane and trichloroethylene. Use of
anesthetic gases requires engineering controls (typically ventilation) to remove
chemicals from the workplace and prevent overexposure.
For more specific information regarding working with anesthetic gases please see the
Bethel Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee’s (IACUC) “Nonflammable
Anesthetic Gases” document for additional information. This document along with
other supporting documents can be found on the Universities IACUC website
(http://www.bethel.edu/academics/iacuc/) or by contacting the IACUC committee.
F. Procedures for Radioactive Materials and Radiation-Producing Devices The usage of radioactive material compounds or chemicals and radiation-producing
devices require prior authorization by the Radiation Safety Officer (RSO). The
Bethel University RSO is Dr. Joyce Doan. Dr. Doan’s office is AC123 and she also
can be contacted at 651-638-6106. Before the use or ordering of any radioactive
material or radiation-producing devices, the user must contact the Bethel University
(RSO).
In addition to contacting the RSO, there are mandatory regulatory and training
requirements specified by the Minnesota Department of Health Radioactive Materials
unit, the Federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and other agencies that apply to
the procurement, use, and disposal of radioactive materials and radiation-producing
devices. The failure to comply with these requirements can result in serious
consequences including temporary suspension of usage of radioactive material or
radiation-producing device use and financial fines.
G. Procedures for Nanomaterials Nanotechnology research at Bethel includes handling, storing, transporting between
labs, and characterizing nanoparticles and nano-thin films. These engineered
nanostructures are designed to display unusual properties not seen in a natural setting.
In the physics department, these are typically metallic in nature — especially Au, Ag,
Cr, Ti, Al, and Cu — and their optical properties are being studied. Because of their
properties, nanomaterials may pose several risks (even for inert materials such as Au)
such as longevity of the particles, chemical reactivity of the particles, or health
exposure risks that are not yet well know. Researchers studying nanomaterials may
be exposed through inhalation, skin contact or ingestion. Beyond this, the
manufacturing of nanomaterials often requires the use of hazardous materials for
etching, cleaning, and preparing surfaces. Therefore, care must be taken to maintain
a clean and safe work environment. For example, all fabrication of any
nanomaterials occurs in a designated cleanroom space. This room continually filters
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Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals
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the air of particles and contamination. All student workers are required to wear
gloves and eyewear when entering the cleanroom space, and if handling any
chemicals, a heavy apron and face shield. These chemicals, e.g. H2SO4, are stored,
handled, and disposed of exclusively in the cleanroom space. Likewise, handling and
disposal of nanomaterials is done to avoid introducing any into the environment. For
example, waste nano-particles and nano-flakes of Au are disposed of in a sealed bag
for professional removal. Further guidelines posted by OSHA about working safely
with nanomterials can be seen here: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_FS-
3634.pdf
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Section 9 Exposure Assessments, Medical Consultations &
Examinations
Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
9.0 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS, MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS & EXAMINATIONS
9.1 Exposure Assessments
A. Suspected Exposures to Toxic Substances
When employees or supervisors suspect that an employee has been exposed to a
hazardous chemical to a degree and in a manner that might have caused harm, the
affected individual is entitled to a medical consultation and, if so determined in the
consultation, also to a medical examination at no cost or loss of pay.
B. Criteria for Reasonable Suspicion of Exposure
1. It is the policy of Bethel University to promptly investigate all employee-
reported incidents in which there is even a remote possibility of employee over-
exposure to a toxic substance.
2. Events or circumstances that might reasonably constitute over-exposure include:
a. A hazardous chemical leaked or was spilled or was otherwise rapidly
released in an uncontrolled manner.
b. A laboratory employee had direct skin or eye contact with a hazardous
chemical.
c. A laboratory employee manifests symptoms, and some or all of the
symptoms disappear when the person is taken away from the exposure area,
and the symptoms reappear soon after the employee returns to work with the
same hazardous chemicals.
d. Two or more persons in the same laboratory work area have similar
complaints.
C. Exposures
All complaints and concerns are to be documented. If no further assessment of the
event is deemed necessary, the reason for that decision should be included in the
documentation. If the decision is to investigate, a formal exposure assessment will be
initiated.
D. Exposure Assessment
In cases of emergency, exposure assessments are conducted after the victim has been
treated.
The purpose of an exposure assessment is to determine that there was, or was not, an
exposure that might have caused harm and, if so, to identify the hazardous
chemical(s) involved. Other investigations might use results and conclusions from an
exposure assessment, along with other information, to derive recommendations that
will prevent or mitigate future overexposures. However, exposure assessments
determine facts; they do not make recommendations.
1. Unless circumstances suggest other or additional steps, these actions constitute
an exposure assessment:
a. Interview the concerned/affected individual(s).
b. List the essential information about the circumstances of the potential
exposure, including:
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The chemical under suspicion.
Other chemicals used by victim.
All chemicals being used by others in the immediate area.
Other chemicals stored in that area.
Symptoms exhibited or claimed by the victim.
How these symptoms compare to symptoms stated in the MSDS/SDS
Were control measures, such as PPE and hoods, used properly?
Were air sampling or monitoring devices in place? If so, are the
measurements obtained from these devices consistent with other
information?
2. Monitor or sample the air in the area for suspect chemicals.
3. Determine whether the affected person's symptoms compare to the symptoms
described in the MSDS/SDS or other pertinent scientific literature.
4. Determine whether the present control measures and safety procedures are
adequate.
E. Notification of Results of Monitoring
Within 15 working days of receipt of the results of any monitoring, notify employees
of those results.
9.2 Medical Consultations & Examinations
The details of medical consultations and examinations are determined by the physician.
The purpose of a medical consultation is to determine whether a medical examination is
warranted. When, from the results of an exposure assessment, it is suspected or known
that an employee was overexposed to a hazardous chemical or chemicals, the employee
should obtain medical consultation from or be under the direct supervision of a licensed
physician.
When warranted, employees also should receive a medical examination from or under the
direct supervision of a licensed physician who is experienced in treating chemical
overexposure. The medical professional should also be knowledgeable about which tests
or procedures are appropriate to determine if there has been an overexposure; these
diagnostic techniques are called "differential diagnoses."
These provisions apply to medical consultations and examinations:
1. Provide employees who work with hazardous chemicals an opportunity to receive
medical consultation and examination when:
a. The employee develops signs or symptoms associated with a hazardous
chemical to which the employee may have been exposed in the laboratory.
b. Monitoring, routine or otherwise, suggests that there could have been an
exposure above the action level, or PEL if there is no action level, for a
chemical for which a substance-specific standard has been established.
c. There is a spill, leak, or other uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical.
2. Provide the physician with:
a. The identity and quantity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the employee
may have been exposed.
b. A description of the circumstances surrounding the exposure.
The signs and symptoms of exposure the individual is experiencing, if any.
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3. Ordinarily, physicians will furnish to the employer in written form:
a. Recommendations for follow-up, if determined to be pertinent.
b. A record of the results of the consultation and, if applicable, of the examination
and any tests that were conducted.
c. Conclusions concerning any other medical condition noted that could put the
employee at increased risk.
d. A statement that the employee has been informed both of the results of the
consultation or examination and of any medical condition that may require
further examination or treatment.
4. These written statements and records should not reveal specific findings that are not
related to an occupational exposure.
A. Documentation
All memos, notes, and reports related to a complaint of actual or possible exposure to
hazardous chemicals are to be maintained as part of the record. Medical records are to be
filed with confidential employee records.
B. Notification
Employees shall be notified of the results of any medical consultation or examination
with regard to any medical condition that exists or might exist as a result of overexposure
to a hazardous chemical.
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Section 10 Recordkeeping Date: 8/26/13
Revised:
10.0 RECORDKEEPING
The Chemical Hygiene Plan is maintained in the office of the Chemical Hygiene Officer and with
the Laboratory Safety Officers in the Biology, Chemistry, and Physics departments. In addition,
the following records are retained at the locations indicated:
Accident investigations ............................ Bethel Security and Safety
Chemical inventories ................................ In a binder in each department's main stockroom
MSDS/SDS ............................................... MSDSonline®
Medical records ........................................ Bethel University Health Services Office
Training agendas and sign-in sheets ......... Chemical Hygiene Officer
Appendix A
Health Effects & Common Lab Hazards
Health Effects – Definitions and Criteria
Chemicals that meet any of the following definitions or criteria are considered health hazards:
CRITERIA
1. Carcinogenicity: A determination by the National Toxicology Program, the International Agency for
Research on Cancer, or OSHA that a chemical is a carcinogen or potential carcinogen will be considered
conclusive evidence for purposes of this program.
2. Human data: Where available, epidemiological studies and case reports of adverse health effects shall be
considered in the evaluation.
3. Animal data: Human evidence of health effects in exposed populations is generally not available for the
majority of chemicals produced or used in the workplace. Therefore, the available results of toxicological
testing in animal populations shall be used to predict the health effects that may be experienced by exposed
workers. In particular, the definitions of certain acute hazards refer to specific animal testing results.
4. Adequacy and reporting of data: The results of any study which is designed and conducted according to
established scientific principles, and which report statistically significant conclusions regarding the health
effects of a chemical, shall be sufficient basis for a hazard determination.
DEFINITIONS:
1. Carcinogen: A chemical is considered a carcinogen if:
It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found to be a
carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or
It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the
National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or
It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
2. Corrosive: A chemical that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical
action at the site of the contact. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
3. Highly toxic: A chemical falling within any of the following categories:
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 mg or less per kilogram of body weight when
administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200-300 g each.
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 mg or less per kilogram of body weight when
administered by continuous contact for 24-hours (or less if death occurs within 24-hours) with the bare
skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2-3 kg each.
A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less
of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of gas or vapor, or 2 mg per liter or less of mist, fume, or
dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to
albino rats weighing between 200-300 grams each.
4. Irritant: A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living
tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is an eye irritant if so determined under the
procedure listed in 16 CFR 1500.42 or other appropriate techniques.
5. Sensitizer: A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an
allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical.
6. Toxic: A chemical falling within any of the following categories:
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 mg per kilogram but not more than 500 mg per
kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200-300 g each.
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 mg per kilogram but not more than 1000 mg per
kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24-hours (or less if death occurs
within 24-hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2-3 kg each.
A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million by
volume of gas or vapor, but not more than 2000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than
2 mg per liter but not more than 20 mg per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous
inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between
200-300 grams each.
7. Target organ effects: Following is a target organ categorization of effects that may occur, including examples
of signs and symptoms and chemicals that have been found to cause such effects. These examples are
presented to illustrate the range and diversity of effects and hazards found in the workplace and the broad
scope to be considered in this area but are not intended to be all-inclusive.
Hepatotoxins: Chemicals that produce liver damage
Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement
Chemicals: Solvents such as toluene, xylene, carbon tetrachloride, nitrosamine
Nephrotoxins: Chemicals that produce kidney damage
Signs and Symptoms: Edema, proteinuria, hematuria, casts
Chemicals: Halogenated hydrocarbons, uranium
Neurotoxic: Chemicals that produce their primary effect on the nervous system
Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, coma, decrease in motor
functions
Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead
Blood affecting agents: Decrease hemoglobin function; deprive the body tissue of oxygen
Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, anemia, immune function depression
Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanide
Lung damaging agents: Chemicals that damage the pulmonary function
Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in chest, shortness of breath
Chemicals: Silica, asbestos, organic fibers such as cellulose-cotton
Reproductive toxins: Chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities
Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility, functionality
Chemicals: Lead, DBCP, some blood pressure medications
Cutaneous hazards: Chemicals that affect the dermal layer of the body
Signs and Symptoms: Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation, and discoloration
Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds, soaps, solvents
Eye hazards Chemicals that affect the eye or visual capacity
Signs and Symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage, blephaharitis
Chemicals: Organic solvents, acids, alkalis
Common University Laboratory Hazards
Explosions
Explosions may occur under a number of conditions:
Runaway or exceedingly violent chemical reaction
Ignition of escaping gases or vapors
Ignition of confined vapors with subsequent rupture of the containment vessel
Rupture of a system due to overpressure caused by other mechanisms
Violent implosion of a large vessel operating below atmospheric pressure
Injuries can occur because of:
The shock wave from a detonation or deflagration
Heat or flames from the explosion
Flying debris
There are certain precautions that can be taken to reduce the risk of an explosion or the damage from an
explosion:
Do not store flammable materials in close proximity to a fume hood (less fuel for the fire)
Do not use a fume hood as a storage area (less fuel for the fire and less flying debris)
Minimize the amount of material involved in an experiment
Provide and require the use of protective equipment such as safety goggles
Explosives
Most university facilities should not have explosive materials in their laboratories; however, there may be
potential explosives in certain circumstances.
Highly Reactive Shock/Heat-Sensitive Materials
Ammonium Perchlorate 1-Chloro-2, 4-Dinitrobenzene Ethyl Nitrate
Ammonium Permanganate Cumene Hydroperoxide Hydroxylamine
Anhydrous Perchloric Acid Diacetyl Peroxide Peroxyacetic Acid
Butyl Hydroperoxide Dibenzoyl Peroxide Picric Acid
Butyl Perbenzoate Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate Trinitrobenzene
Butyl Peroxyacetate, tert Dinitrobenzene (ortho) Trinitrophenol
Butyl Peroxypivalate, tert Ethyl Methyl Ketone Peroxide Trinitrotoluene
Safety measures taken in storing potential explosives are as follows:
Keep the minimum quantities needed in a cool, dry area, protected from heat and shock.
The materials should be segregated during storage from materials with which they could react as well as
flammables, corrosives, and other chemicals, which are likely to interact with each other.
Potentially explosive materials should be stored and used in an area posted with a sign in prominent letters:
CAUTION! POTENTIAL EXPLOSIVE HAZARD
If the material is being kept because of its potentially explosive properties, it should be treated as an explosive
of the appropriate class and kept in a magazine or the equivalent.
Make sure that all occupants of the laboratory are aware of the potential risks and are trained in emergency
procedures, including evacuation procedures, fire containment, and emergency first aid for physical injuries
that might result from an explosion.
Ethers
Ethers tend to form explosive peroxides with age, due to exposure to light and air. It is therefore preferable to use
small containers when working with ethers. Peroxides can be unstable and detonate with extreme violence when they
become concentrated by evaporation or distillation, when combined with other compounds that give a detonatable
mixture, or when disturbed by unusual heat, shock, or friction.
Some Materials That Tend to Form Peroxides
Acrolein Cumene Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether Methyl Acetylene
Aldehydes Cyclohexane Diethyl Ether o-methylanisole
Allyl Ethyl Ether Cyclooctene Dimethyl Ether Tetrahydrofuran
Butadiene Diacetylene Dimethyl Isopropyl Ether Vinyl Acetate.
Perchloric Acid
Perchloric acid is a strong, colorless, and oily liquid. Contact with the skin, eyes, or the respiratory tract will
produce severe burns. When cold, its properties are those of a strong acid, but when hot, the acid acts as a strong
oxidizing agent.
Aqueous perchloric acid can cause violent explosions if misused or when in concentrations greater than the
normal commercial strength (72%).
Anhydrous perchloric acid is unstable even at room temperatures and ultimately decomposes spontaneously with
a violent explosion. Contact with oxidizable material can cause an immediate explosion. Anhydrous perchloric
acid will explode when in contact with wood, paper, carbon, and organic solvents.
Flammable Liquids
Flammable liquids are stored in flammable material storage cabinets, preferably with venting.
Two of the most dangerous storage units in any laboratory are the ordinary refrigerator and freezer. Refrigerators
intended for the storage of laboratory supplies and chemicals should not be used for personal items, especially
food and beverages. Refrigerators contain sources of ignition, such as the light, the thermostat, or the defrost
heater. A refrigerator is also a confined space in which vapors can be trapped. The combination of these two
situations represents a potential explosion hazard.
Gas Cylinders
Compressed gas cylinders are under high pressure and have varying hazardous compositions. The integrity of the
cylinder must be maintained.
Corrosive Chemicals
Corrosive chemicals can cause severe injuries if they are splashed on the body, especially in the eyes. Resulting
skin injuries are slow to heal and eye injuries may be permanent. Corrosive chemicals can also cause severe
injury to the respiratory system through inhalation. Ingestion can cause immediate injury to the mouth, throat,
and stomach. Work with corrosive materials should be conducted in a fume hood, especially when there is
concern about inhalation hazards. Every student laboratory should be equipped with deluge shower/eyewash
combinations and appropriate PPE must be available and used. Make sure you and all laboratory occupants know
the location and function of safety eyewash and shower devices.
Keep container sizes and quantities on hand as small as possible. Always store chemical containers in a cabinet
or on low shelves and follow all chemical segregation rules. Keep unused containers in storage and store the
containers in cabinets or on low shelves.
Always add acid to water and never water to acid.
Some classes of corrosive chemicals:
Strong Acids: In general, inorganic acids are more dangerous than organic acids.
Strong Alkalis: Ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide are examples.
Non-Metal Chlorides: Phosphorous trichloride and corresponding bromides react violently with water.
Dehydrating Agents: When added to water too rapidly, these materials can cause violent reactions
accompanied by sputtering. Examples are: H2SO4, NaOH, P2O5, CaO, C2H4O2.
Halogens: Because these chemicals are gases, they present inhalation hazards.
High Energy Oxidizers
Oxidizing agents such as chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, nitric acid, nitrates, nitrites, and permanganates
undergo vigorous reactions when they come into contact with easily oxidized materials such as metal powders,
wood, paper, and other organic compounds. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine react similarly to oxygen and
are classified as oxidizing agents as well. Containers of oxidizing agents may explode if they are involved in a
fire.
The quantities of strong oxidizing agents within the laboratory is minimized and separated from incompatible
materials. The containers should be protected glass with inert stoppers instead of rubber or cork.
Work with oxidizers should always be performed in a hood with appropriate safety features. Oxidizing agents
should be heated with fiberglass heating mantles or sand baths. Sturdy gloves and eye protection that provide
chemical splash and impact protection are mandatory.
Examples of High-Energy Oxidizers:
Ammonium Permanganate (NH4MnO4) Potassium Bromate (KBrO3)
Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) Potassium Chlorate (KClO3)
Bromine (Br) Potassium Perchlorate (KClO4)
Calcium Chlorate (Ca[ClO3] 2.2H2O) Potassium Peroxide (K2O3)
Chlorine Trifluoride (ClF3) Sodium Chlorate (NaClO3)
Chromic Acid (CrO3) Sodium Chlorite (NaClO2)
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Sodium Perchlorate (NaClO4)
Nitric Acid (HNO3) Sodium Peroxide (Na2O2)
Perchloric Acid (HClO4)
Flammable Solvents
When working with flammable solvents, there should be no sources of ignition in the vicinity, and use only non-
sparking equipment. When transferring flammable liquids using metal containers, the containers are bonded to
prevent accumulation and discharge of static energy. Flammables are heated with safe heating mantles, heating
baths, or explosion-proof heating equipment. Any spark-emitting motors are removed from the area. Flammable
materials are stored in an approved area, storage cabinet, refrigerator, or freezer.
Reactive Metals.
Lithium, potassium, and sodium, as well as many other substances react vigorously with moisture. Lithium and
sodium are stored in mineral oil or other hydrocarbon liquids that are free of oxygen and water. Potassium is
stored under dry xylene. No one should plan to work with these materials without carefully evaluating the
chemistry involved for potential hazards. The materials are treated with care, which their properties demand at all
times.
These materials should always be used in a hood and a Class D fire extinguisher should be available. Carbon
dioxide or halogenated types should not be used. PPE is required.
Carcinogens
Chemicals are classified as to their carcinogenic risks to humans and by the International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC), the National Toxicology Program (NTP); and the Environmental Protection Agency’s Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS).
Use of known carcinogenic chemicals and/or materials for classroom experiments is prohibited. All carcinogenic
chemicals and/or materials must be substituted with a less hazardous material or use a different, less hazardous
experiment.
Mercury
Very high exposures to mercury vapor can cause acute poisoning and/or death. Symptoms usually begin with
cough, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and upset stomach. Acute inhalation of mercury vapor may result in
chills, nausea, general malaise, tightness in the chest, chest pain, difficulty breathing, cough, kidney damage,
gingivitis, salivation, diarrhea, and death. Mercury is considered a poison and the routes of exposure include
inhalation, ingestion, and absorption. The most common route of exposure for elemental mercury is inhalation.
The most common route for of exposure for organic mercury is ingestion. The university has been working
toward becoming a mercury-free environment. Employees are not authorized to purchase, rent, accept donations
of, or bring in mercury containing science equipment or chemicals.
Electrical Systems
Most hazards associated with the use of electricity stem from electrical shock, resistive heating, and ignition of
flammables. Accidents and incidents occur because of a failure to anticipate all of the ways in which these
hazards may occur in a laboratory environment.
Resistive heating can occur in a number of ways, including poor connections, undersized wiring or electrical
components, overloaded wiring or components, or inadequate ventilation of equipment. Do not use sparking
motors in equipment that will be used where vapors can be generated, such as blenders, evaporators, or stirrers.
Induction motors should be used in most laboratories instead of series-wound electric motors. Ordinary
household equipment is not suitable for use in laboratories that use flammable solvents. Any device in which an
electrical circuit makes and breaks, such as an on/off switch, is a potential source of ignition for flammable gases.
Choose equipment that can be used safely by staff and students. A few methods to prevent individuals from
coming into contact with electricity are:
Exclude unqualified personnel from working on or near electrical equipment
Provide insulation, grounding, good wiring practices, and mechanical devices
Use good judgment and exercise appropriate care to the risk
Maintain a scheduled program of preventative maintenance
Precautions for Using Electrical Equipment
Under certain circumstances, contact with as little as twenty-four volts of electricity may result in a fatal shock.
Low-voltage DC circuits do not normally present a hazard to human life, although severe burns are possible. The
time of contact with a live circuit affects the degree of damage, especially as far as burns are concerned.
Recommendations for minimizing electrical hazards follow:
Only individuals qualified by training or experience should maintain electric or electronic equipment.
Electric wires should never be used as supports. Live wires should not be pulled.
Any electrical failure or any evidence of undue heating of equipment should be reported immediately to the
laboratory and safety coordinator and/or the maintenance department.
All electrical equipment should be periodically inspected to be certain the cords and plugs are in a safe
condition and that only three-wire grounded, double insulated, or isolated wiring is used in 110v - 115v AC
applications.
Static Electricity and Spark Hazards
Some protection from static electricity and sparks in hazardous areas and in handling flammable solvents and
other chemicals is obtained by proper grounding of containers and equipment. Static electricity is magnified by
low absolute humidity, such as experienced during cold weather. Some common potential sources of sparks and
electrostatic discharges are:
Ungrounded metal tanks and containers
Clothing or containers made of plastic or synthetic materials
The making and breaking of an electric circuit while the circuit is energized (switching, pulling plugs)
Temperature control systems in hot plates
Metal-based clamps or wire used with non-conducting hoses
Brush motors and hot air dryers
Distillation Units
Distillation is a common method of separation and purification used in laboratories. Potential dangers arise from
pressure buildup, the common use of flammable materials, and the necessity for heat to vaporize the chemicals
involved. A variety of apparatus designs are used to accomplish distillations at atmospheric pressure, under inert
atmospheres, at reduced pressure (vacuum distillation), or the addition of steam to the distillation mixture (steam
distillation).
Careful design and construction of the distillation system is required to accomplish effective separation and to
avoid leaks that can lead to fires or contamination of the work area. Smooth boiling is necessary during the
separation process to avoid bumping which can blow apart the distillation apparatus. Stirring the distillation
mixture is the best method to avoid sudden boiling (bumping).
The use of boiling stones is only effective for distillations carried out at atmospheric pressure. Be sure that fresh
boiling stones are used when a liquid is to be boiled without stirring. Do not add boiling stones or any other solid
material to a liquid that is near its boiling point because this may cause it to boil over spontaneously.
The source of heat is an important factor in the distillation process. Even heating can best be done by using an
electric mantle heater, a ceramic cavity heater, steam coils, or a nonflammable liquid bath. Silicone oil or suitable
high-boiling oil can be used if heated on a hot plate. Hot water or steam may be used where practical. An
additional thermometer may be inserted very near the center bottom of the distilling flask to warn of dangerous,
exothermic decomposition. Always avoid heating above the temperature directed in the procedure.
Organic compounds must never be distilled or evaporated to dryness unless they are known to be free of
peroxides. Most ethers, including cyclic ethers, form dangerously explosive peroxides on exposure to air and
light. Many alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons, potassium metals, and other reagents can also form peroxides.
Superheating and bumping frequently occur when distilling using reduced pressure. Therefore, it is important that
the assembly be secured and the heat be distributed more evenly than is possible with a flame. Evacuate the
assembly gradually to minimize the possibility of bumping. Stirring or use of an air or nitrogen bleed tube
provides good vaporization without overheating and decomposition. A standing shield should be in place for
protection in the event of an implosion. After finishing a reduced pressure distillation, cool the system before
slowly bleeding in air because air may induce an explosion in a hot system. Pure nitrogen is always preferred to
air and can be used even before cooling the system.
When carrying out a steam distillation, minimize the accumulation of condensate in the distillation flask.
Remember that the heat of condensation of steam is very high. Overfilling the flask is less likely if heated or
insulated to prevent excessive condensation. Do not flood the condenser by running the steam in too fast.
Most distillation units operate with water-cooled condensers, therefore, it is essential for safe operation that the
water supply be dependable. It is important that the line voltage used for the distillation remain relatively
constant since even moderate changes will affect the rate of distillation. Do not allow distillation units to operate
unattended.
Breakage of the glass in a distillation unit can be caused by residual internal stresses in the glass, improper
external supports, or by an accidental blow.
It is strongly recommended that all parts of the glass distillation equipment be carefully annealed and checked for
residual stress by means of polarized light. The column, head, and receivers can be supported by a rigid rod and
heavy-duty clamps with clamp holders. Specific recommendations for support can be found in the CRC
Handbook of Laboratory Safety and other sources. Breakage due to accidental blows should be prevented by
locating the still in a corner of the laboratory, out of the main line of traffic, and by the use of adequate safety
shields.
Extractions
Extractions can present a hazard because of the potential buildup of pressure from a volatile solvent and an
immiscible aqueous phase. Glass separatory funnels used in laboratory operations are particularly susceptible to
problems because their stoppers or stopcocks can be forced out, resulting in a spill of the contained liquid. It is
even possible for pressure to burst the vessel. Here is the way to use a separatory funnel correctly:
Do not attempt to extract a solution until it is cooler than the boiling point of the extractant.
When a volatile solvent is used, the unstoppered separatory funnel should first be swirled to
allow some solvent to vaporize and expel some air. Close the funnel and invert it with the
stopper held in place and immediately open the stopcock to release more air plus vapor. This
should be done with the hand encompassing the barrel to keep the stopcock closed, shake with
a swirl, and immediately open the stopcock with the funnel in the inverted position to again
vent the vapors. If it is necessary to use a separatory funnel larger than 1 liter for an extraction
with a volatile solvent, the force on the stopper may be too great and cause the stopper to be
expelled. Consider performing the extraction in several smaller batches.
Temperature Control
Many reactions must be initiated by heating. Since the rates of most reactions increase as the temperature
increases, highly exothermic reactions can become dangerously violent unless provisions are made for adequate
cooling. If too much of a reagent has been added initially, late induction of the reaction can cause it to become
too vigorous for effective condensation of vapors unless a cooling bath is quickly applied to the reaction vessel.
Viscous liquids transfer heat poorly and require special precautions. Reactions usually require some temperature
control, and the apparatus should be assembled in such a way that either heating or cooling can be applied or
withdrawn readily.
Test tubes are held with a test-tube holder and heated gently along the side, not at the bottom, to minimize
superheating, which may cause the contents to be ejected. Avoid pointing a test tube toward yourself or any
nearby person. If possible, test tubes should be heated by placing them in a suitable hot water or hot oil bath.
Oil and Sand Baths
When hot oil or sand is used for heating purposes, extreme care must be taken to avoid overturning the bath,
hazardous splattering caused by water falling into hot oil or hot sand, smoking caused by decomposition of the oil
or of organic materials in the oil, and fire caused by overheated oil bursting into flames. Make sure to properly
label, which includes the name of the oil and its safe working temperatures. Operating baths should not be left
unattended without a warning label (hot oil) and a high-temperature shutoff. Precautions should be taken to
contain any spills of hot oil caused by breaking or overturning of the baths.
Important considerations when using these types of baths include:
Size and location of the bath
Operating temperature and temperature control devices
Type of oil used; e.g., silicone oil, Dow Corning 550, is suggested for most heating needs
Available ventilation
Method of cooling the hot oil
Storage of oil for reuse
Proximity to possible sources of spilled water or chemicals
Cooling Baths and Cold Traps
When ice water is not cool enough for use as a bath, salt and ice may be used. For even lower temperatures, dry
ice may be used with an organic liquid. An ideal cooling liquid for use with dry ice should have nontoxic vapors,
low viscosity, non-flammability, and low volatility.
Ether, acetone, and butanone are too volatile and flammable. The final choice of a liquid will also depend on the
temperature requirements. Although no substance meets all these criteria, the following are suggested (numbers
in parentheses signify above criteria which are not met):
Ethylene or propylene glycol in a 3:2 ratio with water & thinned with isopropyl alcohol (criterion 2)
Isopropyl alcohol (criterion 3)
Some glycol ethers (criterion 2)
Add the dry ice to the liquid or the liquid to the dry ice in small increments. Wait for the foaming to stop before
proceeding with the addition. The rate of addition can be increased gradually as the liquid cools. Do not lower
your head into a dry ice chest as no oxygen is present, and suffocation can result. Do not handle the dry ice with
bare hands; if the skin is even slightly moist, severe burns can result. Use dry leather or suitable cryo-gloves.
When chipping dry ice, wear goggles.
Reduced Pressure Operations
Vacuum desiccators should be protected by covering with cloth-backed friction or duct tape or enclosed in a box
or approved shielding device for protection in case of an implosion. Only chemicals being dehydrated should be
stored in a desiccator. Before opening a desiccator under reduced pressure, make sure that atmospheric pressure
has been restored. A "frozen" desiccator lid can be loosened by using a single-edge razor blade as a wedge that is
then tapped with a wooden block to raise the lid.
All vacuum lines should be trapped and shielding should be used whenever the apparatus is under reduced
pressure.
Water aspirators for reduced pressure are used mainly for filtration purposes, and only equipment that is approved
for this purpose should be used. Never apply reduced pressure to a flat-bottomed flask unless it is a heavy-walled
filter flask designed for the purpose. Place a trap and a check valve between the aspirator and the apparatus so
that water cannot be sucked back into the system if the water pressure should fall unexpectedly while filtering.
These recommendations also apply to rotary evaporation equipment where water aspirators are being used for
reduced pressure.
If vacuum pumps are used, a cold trap should be placed between the apparatus and the vacuum pump so that
volatiles from a reaction or distillation do not get into the pump oil or out into the atmosphere of the laboratory.
When possible, exhausts from pumps should be vented to a hood. Pumps with belt drives should also have belt
guards to prevent hands or loose clothing from being caught in the belt pulley.
Appendix B
Training Checklist
Safety Training Checklist – Science Department
Responding to an emergency
Locations of emergency phones
Warn people in vicinity
Inform supervisor or faculty member
Location of first aid box
Locations of fire alarm pull boxes
Closest fire exits
Work Rules
Work only under direct supervision of lab manager or faculty
Wear proper protective gear: goggles, lab apron, proper clothing, closed-toe shoes
Working with Chemicals
Read CHP prior to training and know location of CHP
Know how to access MSDSonline®
Understand how to identify hazards of chemical
Know proper method to transport chemicals
Use of fume hoods
Explain what to do in case of a chemical spill
Explain what to do if a chemical is splashed onto the body
Report all spill or splash incidents to the lab manager or supervising faculty
Know locations of eye wash stations and safety shower
Explain label requirements
Know waste disposal requirements
Working with Biohazards
Wear gloves and proper personal protective equipment
Wipe bench top with appropriate disinfectant at end of work session
Dispose of all contaminated materials in biohazard labeled red bags or boxes
Place all “sharps” in biohazard “sharps” container
I have received the training checked above.
(Signature) (Date) (Print Name)
The above-named individual received the training checked above.
(Signature of Laboratory and Safety Coordinator) (Date) (Print Name)
Appendix C
Chemical Hygiene Program Activities
Comprehensive Laboratory Inspection Checklist
Periodic Laboratory Inspection Checklist
Chemical Fume Hood Evaluation
Chemical Fume Hood Locations
Checklist for the Chemical Hygiene Officer
Overview of Chemical Hygiene Program Activities
Bethel University
August
Fume Hood Evaluation*
Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance*
Compressed Gas Audit*
September
Periodic Laboratory Safety Checklist***
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
October
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
November
Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance*
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
December
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
January
Periodic Laboratory Safety Checklist***
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
February
Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance*
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
March
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
April
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
May
Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance*
Annual Compliance Checklist for the CHO**
Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush
Fire Extinguisher Inspections
To Be Determined Chemical Hygiene Training for Science Faculty
Maintenance Activities
Annual Fume Hood Maintenance: Inspect hood vent ducts and fans to be sure they are clean and clear of
obstructions (performed subsequent to fume hood evaluations)
Annual Eyewash & Shower Maintenance
Annual Fire Extinguisher Maintenance (performed each June by outside vendor)
As Needed
Student Safety Instruction & Contract
Ongoing
Update Chemical Inventories & MSDS/SDS on MSDSonline®: Each department handles internally
* With assistance from IEA, Inc.
** To be handled by Chemical Hygiene Officer
***To be conducted by the Laboratory Safety Committee
Chemical Fume Hood Evaluation Form
Name of University: Date:
Lab or Room #: Evaluator:
Hood Number and Identification:
Measuring Device:___Vaneometer ___ Thermal Anemometer ____ VelociCalc Air Velocity Meter
Procedure
1. Verify hood is turned on and functioning.
2. Ready the measuring device.
3. Advise all room occupants to minimize movement while measurements are taken.
4. Raise the hood sash to approximately eighteen inches or until contact is made with the sash travel
stoppers. Enter height of sash
5. Take nine airflow measurements in the center of equally distributed quadrants, as shown. Allow the
measuring device to stabilize before reading value. Write the values at the “X”.
HOOD Sash Height
X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm
_____inches
X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm
X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm
X = Placement of measuring device
6. Average the nine flow readings: fpm (80-100 is optimum, 100-120 fpm is OK)
Survey Notes
Does the hood function well? Yes No
What items are stored in the hood?
What items are stored under the hood?
Is the hood orderly? Yes No
Corrective action recommended:
Other Comments:
Signature of Inspector Date
Bethel University (3900 Bethel Drive, Arden Hills)
Fume Hood Locations
Academic Center
Storage Room 105
Storage Room Hood
Room AC 108
108-1-55
108-2-54A
108-2-54B
108-3-54A
108-3-54B
Room AC 108A
New 1A
New 1B
New 2A
New 2B
New 3
Room AC 108C
P Chem 1A
P Chem 1B
Room AC 109
54 Organic 2 Chem Waste
Room AC 110
53 Advanced Lab 1A
53 Advanced Lab 1B
53 Advanced Lab 2A
53 Advanced Lab 2B
53 Advanced Lab 3
Room AC 111
55 Instrument Room
Room AC 111A
56 Faculty Research 1
Room AC 111B
56 Faculty Research 2
Room AC 112
56 Student Research A
56 Student Research B
Room AC 124
Hood in 124
Room AC 131
Hood in 131
Room AC 132
#1
Exhaust Fan 3
Room AC 137A
Hood in 137A
Room AC 157
Supreme Air LV
Room AC 237
Hood in 237
Annual Program Compliance Checklist for the Chemical Hygiene Officer
Name of Chemical Hygiene Officer:
Building:
YES NO Comments
Adequate time is provided in your schedule
to review, guide, and improve upon the
CHP.
Corrective actions resulting from previous
audits and reports have been completed to
date.
Required PPE and other safety devices are
available.
Rules regarding procurement, distribution,
and storage of chemicals are being followed.
All signs and labels are in place with respect
to general product information.
MSDS/SDS are available and complete.
Waste is identified and stored appropriately.
End of year laboratory checklists are being
used and submitted for review.
Housekeeping and other laboratory
conditions are generally acceptable.
Emergency equipment is inspected, as per
requirements.
Please list other deficiencies or areas in need of improvement:
Please list noteworthy improvements and successes you wish to be made known:
Signature of CHO Date Signed
Appendix D
Science Laboratory Safety Policies
BETHEL UNIVERSITY
SCIENCE LABORATORY SAFETY POLICY (Faculty)
This policy applies to all science laboratory courses offered at Bethel University. Each laboratory course has an
additional laboratory safety sheet that is specific for that course.
PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE SAFETY POLICY SHEET and sign the statement at the end. A student may not
perform laboratory work unless the Laboratory Safety Policy and specific course Laboratory Safety Rules Sheet
have been signed and submitted to the laboratory instructor.
LABORATORY SAFETY
Students must be aware of these overall safety requirements for laboratory courses and be prepared to be in
compliance with these requirements.
Students must:
• Know and appropriately implement safety regulations for specific science laboratory courses.
• Know the location of all safety features in a laboratory area, including, but not limited to, fire extinguishers, eye
wash stations, fire blankets and spill control agents.
• Never bring food, beverages or tobacco into the laboratory areas at any time, whether or not a laboratory
course is in session.
• Wear personal protective clothing and/or equipment, which is appropriate for the nature of the specific laboratory
course, at all times during a laboratory session.
• Take precautions to prevent exposure of self and others to hazardous materials.
• Initiate appropriate emergency response measures when required.
• Never begin laboratory work until a qualified laboratory instructor is present.
MEDICAL CONDITIONS and/or DISABILITIES
Any student who has a medical condition/disability (such as, but not limited to, severe allergy, asthma, pregnancy,
etc.) that may interfere with his/her ability to perform in the laboratory course must notify each laboratory instructor.
The following information must be submitted 1) a statement of intent to continue the laboratory course during the
semester, and 2) a letter that states the student has discussed enrollment in each laboratory course with his/her
attending physician/medical practitioner.
In order to earn course credits, the student must meet the course objectives. If, at any time, the physician/medical
practitioner and the student decide that the activities of the student must be limited, written documentation from the
physician/medical practitioner must be given to the laboratory course instructor. The science faculty will determine
whether the limitation can be accommodated in a manner that would permit the student to successfully achieve the
course objectives and satisfy the requirements of the course. Medical conditions which prevent achievement of
course objectives will necessitate a medical withdrawal of the student from the course.
A student who has identified a medical condition/disability that may interfere with the ability to perform in the
laboratory course must submit the required documentation prior to participating in any laboratory work. A student
who becomes aware of a medical condition/disability during the course of the semester must inform the instructor as
soon as possible and provide all necessary written information. Any student with a medical condition/disability
performing laboratory work without informing the course instructor or his/her own physician/medical
practitioner must take full responsibility for any consequences.
I have read and agree to uphold the policies stated above for laboratory courses.
Signed Date
Print Name:
Course Number & Section:
Revised August 2013
BETHEL UNIVERSITY
SCIENCE LABORATORY SAFETY POLICY (Students) This policy applies to all science laboratory courses offered at Bethel University. Each laboratory course has an additional
laboratory safety sheet that is specific for that course.
PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE SAFETY POLICY SHEET and sign the statement at the end. A student may not perform
laboratory work unless the Laboratory Safety Policy and specific course Laboratory Safety Rules Sheet have been signed and
submitted to the laboratory instructor.
LABORATORY SAFETY
Students must be aware of these overall safety requirements for laboratory courses and be prepared to be in compliance with
these requirements.
Students must:
• Know and appropriately implement safety regulations for specific science laboratory courses.
• Know the location of all safety features in a laboratory area, including, but not limited to, fire extinguishers, eye wash
stations, fire blankets and spill control agents.
• Never bring food, beverages or tobacco into the laboratory areas at any time, whether or not a laboratory course is in
session.
• Wear personal protective clothing and/or equipment, which is appropriate for the nature of the specific laboratory course,
at all times during a laboratory session.
• Take precautions to prevent exposure of self and others to hazardous materials, including proper disposal.
• Initiate appropriate emergency response measures when required.
• Never begin laboratory work until instructions are completed at each laboratory session.
MEDICAL CONDITIONS and/or DISABILITIES
Any student who has a medical condition/disability (such as, but not limited to, severe allergy, asthma, pregnancy, etc.) that
may interfere with his/her ability to perform in the laboratory course must notify each laboratory instructor. The following
information must be submitted 1) a statement of intent to continue the laboratory course during the semester, and 2) a letter
that states the student has discussed enrollment in each laboratory course with his/her attending physician/medical
practitioner In order to earn course credits, the student must meet the course objectives. If, at any time, the physician/medical
practitioner and the student decide that the activities of the student must be limited, written documentation from the
physician/medical practitioner must be given to the laboratory course instructor. The science faculty will determine whether
the limitation can be accommodated in a manner that would permit the student to successfully achieve the course objectives
and satisfy the requirements of the course. Medical conditions which prevent achievement of course objectives will
necessitate a medical withdrawal of the student from the course. A student who has identified a medical condition/disability
that may interfere with the ability to perform in the laboratory must submit the required documentation prior to participating
in any laboratory work. A student who becomes aware of a medical condition/disability during the course of the semester
must inform the instructor as soon as possible and provide all necessary written information. Any student with a medical
condition/disability performing laboratory work without informing the course instructor or his/her own
physician/medical practitioner must take full responsibility for any consequences.
I have read and understand the policies stated above for laboratory courses.
Signed Date
Print Name:
Course Number & Section:
Revised August 2013
Appendix E
The Laboratory Facility
Chemical Storage Recommendations
The Laboratory Facility
Design
All chemical laboratories and associated work areas are supplied with properly functioning equipment as
well as safety devices capable of adequately protecting laboratory instructors and students. Ownership
and responsibility for each of these areas and associated equipment and safety devices is assigned by
district administration or the CHO, as appropriate. Examples of required safety devices may include, but
are not limited to:
Personal protective equipment (goggles, gloves, aprons)
Emergency shower and/or eyewash stations
Fire extinguishers
Spill control supplies
Wash sinks and personal hygiene supplies
Ventilation appropriate to control exposure hazards
Appropriate laboratory cleaning supplies
Use
Laboratories and other science areas must be used for education purposes only. Any actual or suspected
use other than for educational purposes must be promptly addressed by the instructor, CHO, and/or
principal.
Ventilation
Ventilation systems greatly affect laboratory air quality. In Minnesota the current building code for
ventilation follows ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004. This standard specifies the amount of fresh air required
to be delivered to classrooms based on occupancy, size of room, occupant usage of room, and
effectiveness of ventilation systems.
Ventilation is very important in chemical storerooms. Four air exchanges per hour is a minimum
requirement. Air should be "pulled" from the floor level and exhausted directly to the outdoors.
Exhaust
Science lab classrooms require an exhaust rate of one cubic foot per minute per square foot of classroom
area. This general exhaust is required in addition to any fume hood exhaust that may exist in the
classroom.
Appendix F
Permeation Resistance Guide for
Chemical Resistant Gloves
Appendix G
Very High Risk & High Risk Chemicals
Table 1 - Examples of Very High Risk Chemicals
Acetic Anhydride Explosive potential, corrosive Acetyl Chloride Corrosive, fire risk, reacts violently with water and alcohol Acrylamide Toxic by absorption, suspected carcinogen Acrylonitrate Flammable, poison Adipoyl Chloride Corrosive, absorbs through skin, lachrymator (causes eyes to tear) Aluminum Chloride, anhydrous Corrosive, water reactive Ammonia, gas Corrosive, lachrymator (causes eyes to tear) Ammonium Bifluoride Reacts with water, forms Hydrofluoric Acid Ammonium Bichromate May explode upon contact with organics, suspected carcinogen Ammonium Chromate Poison, oxidizer, may explode when heated Ammonium Dichromate Reactive, may cause fire and explosion Ammonium Perchlorate Explosive, highly reactive Ammonium Sulfide Corrosive, poison, reacts with water and acids Aniline Absorbs through skin, carcinogen, toxic Aniline Hydrochloride Poison Antimony Oxide Health hazard Antimony Powder Flammable solid, health hazard Antimony Trichloride Corrosive, emits Hydrogen Chloride gas if moistened Arsenic compounds Carcinogen, poison Asbestos, Friable Carcinogen, health hazard (inhalation) Azide compounds Extremely reactive, explosive in contact with metals, highly toxic Barium Chromate Poison Benzene Carcinogen, flammable Benzoyl Peroxide Flammable, organic peroxide, oxidizer Beryllium & its compounds Carcinogen, poison; dust is highly toxic Bromine Corrosive, oxidizer, volatile liquid Cadmium compounds Carcinogen, toxic, heavy metal Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspar) Toxic fumes when heated, damage to fetus or embryo Carbon Disulfide Flammable, toxic Carbon Tetrachloride Carcinogen, toxic Chloral Hydrate Sedative, hypnotic drug, DEA controlled substance Chlorine – gas Corrosive, poison Chlorobenzene Explosive, toxic by inhalation Chloroform Carcinogen, can form phosgene gas (if old) Chorosulfonic Acid Toxic (aka Sulfuric Chlorohydrin) Chromic Acid Strong oxidizer, poison Collodion Flammable, explosive when dry, nitrocellulose compound Cuprous Cyanide Toxic Cyanogen Bromide Poison, irritant to skin and eyes Cyclohexene Flammable, forms peroxides Dichlorobenzene Toxic Dichloroethane Flammable, toxic Dinitro Phenol Explosive, disposal by bomb squad Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine Severe explosion and fire risk Dioxane Flammable, forms peroxides Ether, Anhydrous Flammable, forms peroxides Ether, Ethyl Flammable, forms peroxides Ether, Isopropyl Flammable, forms peroxides Ethylene Dichloride Contact hazard, toxic, fire risk, explosive in air (6-16%) Ethyl Nitrate Explosive, disposal by bomb squad Ethyleneimine Flammable Ferrous Sulfide Spontaneously ignites if wet Formaldehyde (Formalin) Carcinogen, sensitizer, toxic Gunpowder Explosive Hydrazine Carcinogen, corrosive, flammable, absorbs through skin Hydriodic Acid Corrosive, toxic
Hydrobromic Acid Corrosive, poison Hydrofluoric Acid Corrosive, poison Hydrogen Flammable Hydrogen Sulfide, gas Poison, forms Sulfuric Acid with water Lithium Aluminum Hydride Flammable, reacts with air, water, and organics Lithium Metal Water reactive Mercaptoethanol Corrosive, flammable Mercury compounds Poison, heavy metal Mercury, liquid Carcinogen, toxic, heavy metal Methylene Chloride Carcinogen, narcotic, toxic Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) Flammable, toxic Methyl Isocyanate Flammable, toxic Methyl Isopropyl Ketone Toxic Methyl Methacrylate Flammable, vapors cause explosive mixture in air Naphthylamine, a- Carcinogen, combustible, toxic Nickel Oxide Carcinogen, toxic, flammable as a dust Nitrilotriacetic Acid Corrosive Nitrobenzene Highly toxic Nitrocellulose Explosive, flammable Nitrogen Triiodide Explosive, disposal by bomb squad Nitroglycerine Explosive, disposal by bomb squad Osmium Tetraoxide (Osmic Acid) Highly toxic Pentachlorophenol Extremely toxic Perchloric Acid Strong oxidizer, reactive Phosphorus Pentasulfide Water reactive, toxic, incompatible with air & moisture Phosphorus Pentoxide Oxidizer, toxic Phosphorus, Red Flammable solid Phosphorus, Yellow or White Reactive with air, poison Picric Acid (Trinitrophenol) Explosive when dry Potassium Cyanide Poison, extremely hazardous Potassium Perchlorate Powerful oxidizer, reactive Potassium Sulfide Flammable, spontaneously ignites Potassium, metal Reactive with water, forms peroxides Pyridine Flammable, toxic, vapors cause explosive mixture in air Selenium Toxic Silver Oxide Poison Silver Cyanide Extremely toxic Sodium metal Corrosive, water reactive, spontaneously ignites Sodium Arsenate Carcinogen, toxic Sodium Arsenite Carcinogen, toxic Sodium Azide Reacts explosively with metal, poison Sodium Borohydride Flammable solid, water reactive Sodium Cyanide Poison Sodium Fluoride (Bifluoride) Toxic by ingestion & inhalation, skin irritant Sodium Fluoroacetate Poison Sodium Peroxide Water reactive, fire and explosion risk Sodium Sulfide Fire and explosion risk Strontium Flammable, water reactive (store under naphtha) Tetrahydrofuran Flammable forms peroxides Thioacetamide Carcinogen, combustible, toxic Thionyl Chloride Corrosive Thiourea Carcinogen Titanium Trichloride Flammable Triethylamine Flammable, irritant, toxic Trinitrobenzene Explosive, disposal by bomb squad Trinitrophenol Explosive, disposal by bomb squad Trinitrotoluene Explosive, disposal by bomb squad Uranium / Uranyl Compounds Radioactive
Table 2 – High Risk Chemicals
Acetamide Carcinogen Ammonium Nitrate Powerful oxidizer, reactive Barium Peroxide Fire & explosion risk with organics; oxidizer, toxic Butyric Acid Corrosive Cadmium Sulfide Carcinogen, highly toxic Calcium Carbide Flammable, water reactive Chromium Trioxide Oxidizer, poison Ethidium Bromide Mutagen Hexamethylenediamine Corrosive, absorbs through skin, lachrymator (causes eyes to tear) Hexanediamine, 1-6 Corrosive, absorbs through skin, lachrymator (causes eyes to tear) Hydrogen Peroxide, >29% Corrosive to tissue, powerful oxidizer Lead compounds Highly toxic Lead Nitrate Oxidizer, toxic, heavy metal Magnesium, powder Flammable Mercury Thermometers Corrosive, toxic, heavy metal Phenol Poison Potassium Chlorate Reactive, powerful oxidizer Potassium Chromate Oxidizer, toxic Potassium Dichromate Carcinogen, powerful oxidizer Radioactive Materials Radioactive Sebacoyl Chloride Corrosive, irritant, lachrymator (causes eyes to tear) Silver compounds Toxic Sodium Chlorate Powerful Oxidizer Sodium Chromate Oxidizer Sodium Dichromate Reactive, fire & explosion risk Sodium, metal (small chips) Corrosive, water reactive Strontium Nitrate Oxidizer, may explode when heated Thermite Flammable solid Toluene Flammable, toxic Wood’s Metal Poison Xylene Flammable, toxic