Chemical Families & Lewis Dot Diagrams
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Transcript of Chemical Families & Lewis Dot Diagrams
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Chemical Families& Lewis Dot Diagrams
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Day 1 & 2
Intro to the Periodic table and valence electrons
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There are 3 main classes of elements: metals, nonmetals, metalloids.
The Periodic Table
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Outline the 3 groups on your Periodic Table: metals, nonmetals, metalloids.
The Periodic Table
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Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids
Divide a piece of paper as shown Take notes on the following slides
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metals nonmetalsLocated on left side of periodic table
Located on right side of periodic table
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metals nonmetals
Solids at room temp. (except mercury)
Most are gases (some brittle solids)
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Metals nonmetals
higher melting points lower melting points
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metals nonmetals
malleable (can be pounded & shaped)
harder
brittle (break easily)
Softer than metals
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metals nonmetals
Ductile (can be drawn into wire)
Not ductile
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metals nonmetalslustrous (shiny)
metallic luster mostly silver or grayish white
dull
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metals nonmetals
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Poor conductors (good insulators)
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Metals nonmetals
Tend to lose electrons form positive ions +
Tend to gain electrons form negative ions -
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Metals nonmetals
Form ionic compounds with nonmetals
Ionic bonds = transfer of electrons
Form covalent compounds with other nonmetals
Covalent bonds = sharing of electrons
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MetalloidsHave some properties of both metals & nonmetalsShiny, brittle solidsLimited conductivityLocated along stair step line in between metals & nonmetalsUses: semiconductors (Used in electronics), glass, alloys
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Vertical columnsHorizontal rowscalled groups or families.
Elements in a group have similar chemical & physical properties.
Numbered from 1-18 from left to right
called periods.
Elements within a period have properties that change progressively across the table.
The Periodic Table
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The group A elements are called the representative elements.
1A 8A
2A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
The Periodic Table
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The group B elements are called the transition elements.The group B elements at the bottom are called the inner transition elements.
Transition
InnerTransition
The Periodic Table
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The Periodic Table
Group 1A Alkali metals 1 valence electron is lost easily, forms a cation (ions with a positive charge) with a 1+ charge.
The group has similar physical properties
Metallic appearance.
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The Periodic Table
Group 2A Alkaline earth metals 2 valence electrons that can be readily lost, forms a cation with a 2+ charge.
The group has similar physical properties
Metallic appearance.
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The Periodic Table
Group 7A Halogens (nonmetals) highly reactive with 7 valence electrons, forming an anion (a negatively charged ion) with a 1- charge
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The Periodic Table
Group 8A noble gases have a complete octet (8) of valence electrons
they have little tendency to gain or lose electrons and are non-reactive.
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The Periodic Table
Group B transition metals in the middle of the Periodic Table
Number of outer electrons varies, leading to a variety of charges for each element.
they share many of their chemical and physical properties
The Lanthanide series and the Actinide series, located at the bottom of the periodic table, are the inner transition metals (the rare earth metals).
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NobleGas
Metalloids(on the stair-step line)Inner Transition Metals
(f – block elements)
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Label the following families on your Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
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The A group number = the number of valence electrons (except for He)
1A
2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
8A
Valence electrons = the # of dots for Lewis Dot Diagrams
Valence Electrons – outer electrons
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The electron structure of an atom determines many of its chemical & physical properties. For the group A elements, the group number equals the number of valence electrons. (Except for Helium = 2) •He• Fill in the element symbols and valence electrons on the blank Periodic table
Lewis Dot Diagrams
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Day 3Using the Internet or a borrowed Chemistry class set of books research and create the assigned Periodic Families Poster
Students will complete the worksheet summarizing the information found on each poster.
Day 4
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Day 5Complete the Stemscopes Periodic Table Activity
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Day 6Make flash cards of the elements and polyatomic ions using either index cards, notebook paper or construction paper
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Day 7Re-write the list by grouping all of the ones with similar charges together.
Study with a partner for your quiz tomorrow. (You may use a Periodic table on the quiz)