BIMBINGAN EMAS PROGRAMME 2010( AIM FOR A IN CHEMISTRY )

CHAPTER 3:CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONCHAPTER 3:CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATION

AName of cation / positive ion Formula Name of anion / negative ion Formula

Hydrogen chlorideLithium bromideSodium iodidePotassium hydroxideCalcium nitrateMagnesium carbonateAluminium sulphateZinc oxideCopper (I)Copper (II)SilverIron (II)Iron (III)Lead (II)Lead (IV)AmmoniumStanum (II)Stanum (IV)

B. Construct chemical formulae for the chemical compounds (as many as possible )

Total ……………..

CName Formula Name FormulaHydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxideSulphuric acid Potassium hydroxideNitic acid Barium hydroxideAmmonia gas Sulphur dioxide gasChlorine gas Nitrogen dioxide gasHydrogen sulphide gas Sulphur trioxide gas

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D CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACID ACID + ALKALI SALT + WATER ACID + METAL SALT + HYDROGEN

ACID + METAL CARBONATE SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE ACID + BASIC OXIDE SALT + WATER

E Write a balance chemical and ionic eguation using symbol and formulaChemical eguation Ionic equation

1. Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide

2. Sulphuric acid + Barium hydroxide

3. Nitric acid + Potassium hydroxide

4. Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium

5. Sulphuric acid + Zinc

6. Nitric acid + Ferum

7. Hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate

8. Sulphuric acid + Copper (II) carbonate

9. Sulphuric acid + Ammonium carbonate

10. Nitric acid + Lead (II) carbonate

11. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc oxide

12. Sulphuric acid + Copper (II) oxide

13. Nitric acid + Lead (II) oxide

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F. From E catergories chloride salts, nitrate salts and sulphates salts using formula

Chloride salts Nitrate salts Sulphate salts

G. The above salts are all soluble in water. Therefore soluble salts can be prepared by 4 methods ( refer to A ). All nitrate salts are soluble in water.

H. Name and write the formulae of all the insoluble salts for chlorides, sulphates and carbonates.

Chlorides Sulphates carbonates……………………………….…………………….................……………………………….( PAMeR )

………………………………….………………………………….…………………………………( BaCaP )

All carbonates are insoluble except carbonates of group 1, that is Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3...

I. Insoluble salts can be prepared by precipitation or double decomposition method. The reactants are 2 aqueous soluble salts mix together to form 2 salts, soluble and insoluble salt.

Soluble salt + Soluble salt Insoluble salt + Soluble salt

J. Write down the chemical equations and ionic equations for formation of (i) Insoluble Salts of Chlorides. (PAMer)

Chemical equation Ionic equation

1.Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaCl PbCl2 + 2NaNO3 1. Pb2+ + 2Cl- PbCl2

2. 2.

(ii) Insoluble Salts of Sulphates (BaCaP)

Chemical equation Ionic equation

1.Ba(NO3)2 + Na 2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3

1. Ba2+ + 2SO4

2- BaSO4

2. 2.

3. 3.

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(iii) Insoluble Salts of Carbonates

Chemical equation Ionic equation

1.Pb(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 PbCO3 + 2NaNO3

1. Pb2+ + CO3

2- PbCO3

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

K. Displacement reaction.

The metal which is higher in the electrochemical series will displace the metal which is lower in the electrochemical series from its salt solution. ( A more electropositive metal will displace a less electropositive metal from its salt solution )

Suggest the reactants needed and write a balance chemical equation and ionic equation for the following,

Chemical equation Ionic equation1.Magnesium + Zinc sulphate

2.

3.

4.

5.

L. Electrochemical Series K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb H Cu Ag

More electropositive

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L.Heating of Salts Write down the balance chemical equation using symbol and formula for the following salt. State the colour changes.

(i) Carbonates SaltsChemical equation Observation

1.Zinc carbonate Zinc oxide + carbon dioxide………………………………………………….2. Copper (II) carbonate

………………………………………………….3. Lead (II) carbonate

…………………………………………………..

(ii) Nitrate saltsChemical equation Observation

1.Zinc nitrate Zinc oxide + nitrogen +oxygen dioxide………………………………………………….2. Copper (II) nitrate

………………………………………………….3. Lead (II) nitrate

…………………………………………………..4. 2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2

Sodium nitrite (i.Carbonates of group 1 do not decompose on heating, that is Na2CO3 , K2CO3….. ) ii. Nitrates of group 1 decompose to nitrite and oxygen on heating.

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