Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone...
-
Upload
ann-elliott -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone...
![Page 1: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America
Big Bend(scale 0-15 ug/m3)
G.Smoky Mtn.
Yellowstone Mammuth CaveSequoia
?
?
![Page 2: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Aerosol Types• Aerosol are composed of multiple types. Each type may be considered a different
pollutant since it has its own class of sources, aerosol properties and is associated with different effects.
• In other words, sulfate, nitrate organics, dust (soil) components of PM have no more commonalities then CO, NOx and SO2.
• The aerosol types are lumped into “PM2.5” by the current regulations.
• The IMPROVE aerosol types are:
SULFATE = 4.125*S Ammonium sulfate
NITRATE = 1.29*NO3 Ammonium nitrate
ORGANICS = 1.4(O1+O2+O3+O4+OP) 1.4* various organics (OMC)
SOOT = E1+E2+E3+OP Light absorbing carbon (LAC)
SOIL = 2.2AL++2.49SI+1.63CA+2.42FE+1.94TI Crustal elements
FMASS = SULFATE + NITRATE + LAC + OCM + SOIL Reconstructed fine mass
CMASS = MT-MF Coarse=PM10-FMASS
Issue: Each aerosol type has many variants in nature. I think that the IMPROVE typing (aggregation) used by Malm & Co is good and it should be retained for presenting the network results. Need for alternative aggregations? I am open for discussion RBH.
![Page 3: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Method: Cumulative Seasonal PM2.5 Composition
• PM2.5 chemical components were calculated based on the CIRA methodology
• In addition, the the organics were (tentatively) further separated as Primary Smoke Organics (red) and Remainder organics (purple)
PSO = 20*(K - 0.15*Si – 0.02* Na) Remainder Org = Organics - PSO
• Also, the ‘Unknown’ mass (white area) is the difference between the gravimetrically measured and the chemically reconstructed PM2.5.
• The daily chemical composition was aggregated over the available IMPROVE data range (1988-99) to retain the seasonal structure.
• I order to reduce the noise the daily data were smoothed by a 15-day moving average filter.
Shenandoah
![Page 4: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Regional Grouping of Sites
• IMPROVE sites were grouped as follows:
– New England ()
– Mid-Atlantic ()
– Central EUS ()
– Peripheral ()
![Page 5: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Peripheral Sites: Chemical Mass Balance• Eastern N. America is
surrounded by aerosol source regions such as Sahara and Central America.
• As a consequence, the PM concentration at the ‘edges’ ranges between 4-15 ug/m3; much of it originating outside.
• The chemical composition of the inflow varies by location and season.
• Sahara dust, and smoke from Central America and W. US/Canada are the main contributions.
Badlands(scale 0-15 ug/m3)
Big Bend(scale 0-15 ug/m3)
Voyageurs(scale 0-15 ug/m3)
Acadia
Everglades
![Page 6: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Peripheral Sites
Badlands(scale 0-15 ug/m3)
Big Bend(scale 0-15 ug/m3)
Voyageurs(scale 0-15 ug/m3)
Acadia
Everglades
![Page 7: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Upper Buffalo Mammuth Cave Shining Rock
G.Smoky Mtn.Sipsy
![Page 8: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mid-Atlantic Region
Shenandoah Washington DC Brigantine
Dolly Sods Jefferson
![Page 9: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
New England Region
Lye Brook
MoosehornAcadiaProctor Maple
Ringwood
![Page 10: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Upper Midwest
Badlands
Voyageurs
![Page 11: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TX, NM
Chiricahua
Bandelier White River Guadalupe
Big Bend
![Page 12: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TX, NM
Tonto Petrified For. Saguaro
Chiricahua
![Page 13: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TX, NM
Tonto Petrified For. Saguaro
Chiricahua
![Page 14: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Idaho
Tonto Three Sisters Yellowstone
Bridger
Jawbridge
Great Basin
![Page 15: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
California - Background
Bliss State(2043 m)
Lessen(1800 m)
Crater Lake(1980 m)
Point Reyes(38 m, Beach)
![Page 16: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
California - Perturbed
Yosemite S. Lake Tahoe Sequoia
San GorgonioPinnacles
![Page 17: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Northwest - Perturbed
Abbotsford
(0 m)
Chilliwack
(9 m)
Puget Sound
(99 m)
Columbia River
(90 m)Mt. Rainier
(436 m)
![Page 18: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Remote ‘Global’ Sites
Denali
(640 m)
Virgin Islands
(46 m)Mauna Loa
(3398 m)
![Page 19: Chemical Composition of PM2.5 over N. America Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) G.Smoky Mtn. Yellowstone Mammuth Cave Sequoia ? ?](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ef35503460f94c05f86/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Chemical Speciation of the Fine Mass Based on IMPROVE
• See Sisler & Malm
• Over the remote Eastern US, sulfates dominate the Fine Mass
• The Southeast is also influenced by ‘smoke’ (organics+LAC) and dust.
• Over the West, organics, nitrates and dust dominate