Chemical Building Blocks

What is Chemistry?

• Definition: Is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.

• Examples: Food cooking , grass growing, turning on lights in your room, lighting a match to name just a few

Building Blocks of Matter• Elements - is a substance that cannot be broken down into

any other substances by chemical or physical means.

• Compounds- is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.

• Mixtures- are made from two or more pure substances, that are in the same place but not combined as a new material.

• Solutions- Is a well mixed mixture.

• Pure Substance- Is made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties.

Changes in Matter

• Matter exists in three different forms, Solid, Liquid, and Gas.

Types of Solids• Crystalline Solids- Particles form a regular

repeating pattern.• Example: diamond• Amorphous Solid- Particles are not arranged in a

regular pattern.

• Examples: rubber, plastics, and glass.

Shape and Volume of the Three Types of Matter

• Solids: ( Particles are packed tightly together).• Solids: The form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.• Liquids: ( Particles are free to move. A liquid takes on the shape

of its container.)• Liquids: The form of matter that has a definite volume but no

definite shape.• Gas: (Particles spread apart, filling all the space available to

them.

• Gas: The form of matter that has no definite shape or volume.

Phase Change• Definition: is when matter is changed from one state

to another without undergoing a chemical change. • Example: When water is heated it changes from a

solid (ice), to a liquid (water ),to a gas (vapor).• Matter will change from one state to another if

thermal energy is absorbed or released..• Sublimation: The change in state from a solid

directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state.

Phase Changes Continued (water)

• Freezing- the change in state from a liquid to a solid.. • Melting - the change in state from a solid to a liquid.• Boiling point- the temperature at which a substance

changes from a liquid to a gas.• Condensation- the change in state from a gas to a liquid.• Vaporization- the change in state from a liquid to a gas.

• Evaporation- the process that occurs only on the surface of a liquid.

Physical Change

• A change that alters the form of the material but does not produce new substances.

• Examples: ripping paper, breaking glass, denting the fender of a car.

• Note: Water always undergoes a physical change.

Chemical Change• A change in matter that produces new substances. • Observing Chemical reactions• 1. A gas is produced ( bubbles in a liquid)• 2. A change in color occurs• 3. A change in energy also happens during the

reaction, Usually temperature changes.• 4. A solid may appear when two solutions are made.

Note: the solid that forms is called a precipitate.

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