Chemical Bonds and Reactions. Two kinds of bonds Ionic Covalent Chemical Bonds and Reactions.
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Transcript of Chemical Bonds and Reactions. Two kinds of bonds Ionic Covalent Chemical Bonds and Reactions.
Chemical Bonds and Chemical Bonds and ReactionsReactions
Two kinds of bonds Two kinds of bonds
• Ionic
• Covalent
• Chemical Bonds and Reactions
Ionic bonds Ionic bonds
• Ions of opposite charge join together
• Na+ and Cl- = NaCl Chemical Bonds and Reactions
Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds
• Electrons are shared when elements join together
• water - H20 Chemical Bonds and Reactions
Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions
• Reactants are changed into a new substance, products.
• HCl + NaOH --> NaCl +H2O Chemical Bonds and ReactionsEnergy Changes
Endothermic reactions Endothermic reactions
- energy is used to make something Chemical Bonds and Reactions.
Exothermic reaction –Exothermic reaction –
- energy is given off.
-MIXTURESMIXTURES
- Combination of substances that are not chemically bonded For example sand and water, or air MIXTURES
Solution Solution
• a uniform mixture of two or more substance.
MIXTURESMIXTURES
• 2 parts of a mixture
• Solute - the dissolved substance
• Solvent - the dissolving substance
MIXTURESMIXTURES
• Kool-aid
• What is needed to make it?
• What is the solvent and what is the solute?
Common Types of SolutionsCommon Types of Solutions
• Gas-gas air
• Liquid-gas moist air
• Gas-liquid soda water
• Liquid-liquid vinegar
Common Types of SolutionsCommon Types of Solutions
• Solid-liquid brine
• Solid-solid sterling sliver
• Water H2O
Water H2OWater H2O
• Essential part of living things
• 65-95 % the human body
• You can live 60 days without food
• you can only live 6 days without water.
Water - H2OWater - H2O
• Two Hydrogen and One oxygen
Covalent Bond Covalent Bond
• Water is the universal solvent.
• Hydrogen bond is unique
• Makes blood circulation possible
Acids, Bases, and SaltsAcids, Bases, and Salts
• Acids - compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+)
• Bases - compounds that release hydroxide ions (OH-)
Acids, Bases, and SaltsAcids, Bases, and Salts
– Salts • compounds that release ions other than hydrogen
or hydroxide ions • Neither a acid nor a base.
– Salts dissolve in water are • electrolytes because they conduct an electrical
current • Sports drinks are mixtures of electrolytes that are
used to replace salts excreted in sweat when a person exercises. pH
ScaleScale
• A standard measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
ScaleScale
• 0 to 14 pH Scale
• Basic 13 bleach
• 11 ammonia
• 9 baking soda
ScaleScale
• 8 egg whites pH Scale
• Neutral
• 7.5 Blood
• 7 Water pH Scale
• Acid 5 coffee
• 4 tomato juice
• 3 vinegar
• 2 lemon juice
• .5 battery acid