Physics and Chemistry 3rd ESO Albarregas High School

CHEMICAL BONDCHEMICAL BONDActivitiesActivities

Activity 1: According to their place in the periodic table, which of these elements tend to form cations? Which of them tend to form anions? Fill in the table.

Name Symbol Group Valence electrons

Cation or anion

Charge

Chloride

Se

Potassium

Al

Calcium

Nitrogen

Activity 2: Aluminium and nitrogen form an ionic compound called aluminium nitride. a) How many valence electrons does each element have?b) Answer these questions for an aluminium atom.

b.1) Does it gain or lose electrons to form the ion?b.2) How many electrons are transferred?b.3) Is the ion formed positive, or negative?b.4) What charge does the ion have?

c) Repeat the questions b) for a nitrogen atom.d) Write the formula of aluminium nitride.

d) Give the electron arrangement for both ions. What do they have in common?

Activity 3: Write Lewis structures of the ionic compounds formed by:a) K and Brb) Mg and Sec) K and Sd) Ca and F

Activity 4: Explain why the formula of sodium chloride is NaCl and the formula of calcium chloride is CaCl2.

Activity 5: Explain why helium is made of atoms but other gasses like chloride, hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen are made of molecules. Explain how the bond is in those molecules.

Activity 6: Both, oxygen and diamond have the same kind of bond, but they have really different properties. Look for their properties in the Internet and explain why they are so different.

Teacher: José Vicente Pacheco Pág 1 de 4

Physics and Chemistry 3rd ESO Albarregas High School

Activity 7: For these elements: N, C, O and F:a) Write the number of valence electrons.b) Write the structure and the formula of:

b.1) the compounds that each of them form with hydrogen.b.2) the compound formed by F and Ob.3) the compound formed by N and F

Activity 8: Match:

Gold Molecular compound Cations and electrons

water Ionic lattice molecules

quartz Metallic lattice Anions and cations

salt Covalent lattice atoms

Activity 9: Neither salt nor water can conduct electricity but a mixture of them can. Explain why.

Activity 10: A piece of magnesium contains 300 billions atom. How many electrons are in its electron cloud?

Activity 11: Which of these substances have covalent bond and which of them has ionic bond? KCl, CO2, CCl4, NaI, KBr, Na2S, Br2, SiO2

Activity 12: Sodium and sodium chloride have very similar structure, but one of them can conduct electricity and the other can't. Explain why.

Activity 13: Only one of them is the correct formula of calcium sulfide: CaS2; Ca2S; CaS, Ca3S. Taking into account the number of valence electrons of calcium and sulfur, explain which one is the correct formula.

Activity 14: Carbon and oxygen form a covalent named carbon dioxide whose formula is CO2

a) How many valence electron does a isolated carbon atom have? What about oxygen?b) In a carbon atom, how many pairs of electrons does carbon need to share in order to get a

stable electron arrangement? What about oxygen?c) Apart form that, is there another way so that an oxygen atom gets a stable electron

arrangement? Explain it and give an example.d) Write the structure of carbon dioxide.

Activity 15: All alkali metals react with oxygen and form compounds with very similar formulae: Li2O; Na2O; K2O; Rb2O;... Is this a coincidence or is there a reason for this? Explain it.

Teacher: José Vicente Pacheco Pág 2 de 4

Physics and Chemistry 3rd ESO Albarregas High School

Activity 16: In the following table there are the properties of several substances. According to that information, answer the questions.

a) Which of the substances are metals?b) Which of the substances are ionic compounds?c) There are two substances with very low melting points. What kind of substances are they?

d) Which substance is a covalent crystal?

Substance Melting point (ºC) Electrical conductor in solid state?

Electrical conductor in liquid state?

Soluble in water?

A -112 ºC No No No

B 680 ºC No Yes Yes

C -70 No No No

D 1495 Yes Yes No

E 610 No Yes Yes

F 1610 No No No

G 660 Yes Yes No

Activity 17: Complete the crossword with English words and translate them into Spanish.

ACROSS Translations

1. Elements that tend to gain electrons. 4. Kind of chemical bond in which one or several pairs of electrons are shared.6. Chemical _____________ is how atoms get together. 8. Most noble gasses have _________ valence electrons.9. Hard material is difficult to ______________11. __________ shell is the last one of an atom.13. Metals consist of anions and a _________ of electrons14. A ___________ is formed by a few atoms connected by covalent bonds.16. Expresses the elements that form a compound and their proportion.17. Tendency of many elements to get eight valence electrons.18. kind of chemical bond in iron

DOWN Translations

1. ________ gasses are elements that don't bond to others.2. __________ structure shows the bonds in a molecule3. Kind of chemical bond between a metal atom and a nonmetal one5. Ordered pattern of particles in a crystal7. Positive ion10. Elements that tend to lose electrons12. Negative ion15. Material whose particles are arranged in an ordered pattern.

Teacher: José Vicente Pacheco Pág 3 de 4

Physics and Chemistry 3rd ESO Albarregas High School

You must also do the following activities from yor P&C book:

On page 74: 3 and 4On page 76: 9On page 77: 11 On page 85: 36 and 38

Teacher: José Vicente Pacheco Pág 4 de 4