Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP) Briefing

CDR Franca R. Jones, Ph.D.

Principal Director and Director of Medical ProgramsOffice of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and

Biological Defense

July 23, 2015

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Chemical and Biological Defense Program

• Established by 50 USC 1522 (PL 103-160) to integrate research, development, and acquisition of capabilities to provide all Services with effective and integrated chemical and biological (CB) defense detection, protection, and response capabilities.

• Remains relevant today as fiscal environment causes Services to cut perceived lower priority efforts. One of the main factors for establishing this program in 1993 was Services were not adequately funding this area.

• Must consider National, Departmental, and Service priorities – Responds to strategic National priorities outlined in the 2014 Quadrennial Defense

Review, the National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats (November 2009), and the National Strategy for Biosurveillance (July 2012)

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Priorities• Biosurveillance• Diagnostics• Medical Countermeasures • Non-Traditional Agents and

Emerging Threats

Chemical Biological Defense Program (CBDP) Overview

The CBDP supports comprehensive DoD efforts to: Research, develop, and acquire capabilities for a layered, integrated defense

focused on CB threats Better understand potential threats

– Further develop capabilities to respond to current and traditional threats– Respond to natural and emerging infectious diseases– Counter advanced threats (engineered pathogens, Non-traditional agents, etc.)

Secure and reduce dangerous materials whenever possible– Proponent for DoD biosecurity and biosafety – Working with Threat Reduction and Arms Control:

• Cooperative Threat Reduction/Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP) efforts

• Global CWMD Situational Awareness System (GCAS)

Leverage industry and interagency partnerships

This program is a key part of a comprehensive, national strategy to prevent, protect, and respond to an ever-evolving spectrum of emerging 21st century chemical and biological threats

DoD has unique operational requirements, a global presence, and significant current and emerging threats

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Chemical and Biological Defense Program Vision, Mission, and Priorities

CBD VisionA Department of Defense that addresses

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats and minimizes

their effects

CBD MissionEnable the Warfighter to deter, prevent, protect,

mitigate, respond, and recover from CBRN threats and effects as part of a layered, integrated defense

The CBDP is a key part of a comprehensive national strategy to prevent, protect, and respond to an evolving spectrum of 21st Century CBRN threats 4

NCB MissionDrive the capability to prevent, protect against, and

respond to weapons of mass destruction threats

NCB VisionA world safe from nuclear, chemical, and

biological threats

CBDP Enterprise Organization

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYREQUIREMENTS

Chairman,Joint Chiefsof Staff

Director, J-8

Joint RequirementsOfficeCBRN Defense

Under Secretary of Defense(Acquisition, Technology,and Logistics)

OVERSIGHT

Assistant to the Secretary of Defense(Nuclear, Chemical, and BiologicalDefense Programs)

Deputy Assistant to theSecretary of Defense forChemical Biological Defense andChemical Demilitarization Programs

Joint Science and Technology Office(Chemical and Biological Defense)

Director, Defense ThreatReduction Agency (DTRA)

DARPA

Overarching Integrated Product Team (OIPT)

• Under Secretary of Defense (Policy)• Ass’t Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)• DoD General Counsel• Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)• Services• Other Stakeholders

Joint Program Executive OfficeChemical and Biological DefenseJoint Program Executive OfficeChemical and Biological Defense

CBDPTest and Evaluation ExecutiveCBDPTest and Evaluation Executive

Program Analysis and Integration OfficeProgram Analysis and Integration Office

Army Chief of StaffArmy Chief of Staff

Secretary of the ArmySecretary of the Army

Deputy Under Secretary ArmyDeputy Under Secretary Army Army Acquisition ExecutiveArmy Acquisition Executive

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYREQUIREMENTS

Chairman,Joint Chiefs

of Staff

Director, J-8

Joint RequirementsOffice

CBRN Defense

Under Secretary of Defense(Acquisition, Technology

and Logistics)

OVERSIGHT

Assistant Secretary of Defense(Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological

Defense Programs)

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

Joint Science and Technology Office(Chemical and Biological Defense)

Director, Defense ThreatReduction Agency (DTRA)

DARPA

Overarching Integrated Product Team (OIPT)

• Under Secretary of Defense (Policy)• Ass’t Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)• DoD General Counsel• Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)• Services• Other Stakeholders

Joint Program Executive OfficeCBRN Defense

CBDPTest and Evaluation Executive

Program Analysis and Integration Office

Army Chief of Staff

Secretary of the Army

Deputy Under Secretary Army Army Acquisition Executive

ADV DEVELOPMENT & ACQUISITIONPROGRAM INTEGRATIONTEST AND EVALUATION

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Biological Threats Traditional Threats

Bacterial pathogens (anthrax, plague)Viral pathogens (WEE, VEE, Ebola)Toxins (botulinum, ricin)

Emerging ThreatsCurrent infectious diseases (Influenza, Brucellosis)Emerging infectious disease (zoonotic pathogens)

Threat Environment

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Chemical ThreatsTraditional Threats

Chemical warfare agents (nerve, blood, blister, and pulmonary)Agents designed for military operations/applicationsToxic Industrial Materials (TIMs)/Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs)

Advanced ThreatsNon-traditional Agents (NTA)Asymmetric applications and/or engagements

Enhanced ThreatsStrains enhanced for environmental survivability Selection or creation of hypervirulent strains and pathogens with increased resistance to preventatives and treatments

Advanced ThreatsPathogens with altered targets or symptoms to confound diagnosis and treatmentCreating viruses de novo

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Coordination, Cooperation, Integration

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Department of Defense

InternationalInteragency

Industry and Academia

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Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

Total Chemical and Biological Protection for the Warfighter

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Internal External

Environmental

Detection

Individual Protection

Collective Protection

Decontamination

Vaccines

Pre-treatments

Diagnostics

Therapeutics

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Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

CBDP: A Systems Approach

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Pre-Incident Post-IncidentIncident

CBD

P Ca

pabi

lities

Cons

truc

ts Sense Shape Shield Sustain

Prevent Protect Respond Recover

Pretreatments

Surveillance

Detection

Surveillance

Detection

Reconnaissance

Individual Protection

Collective Protection

Therapeutics

Diagnostics

Decontamination

Common Technologies

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

The DoD’s development and prepositioning of a diagnostic assay for Ebola allowed rapid deployment of this asset when the need arose in West Africa.

The DoD’s EZ-1 assay was used extensively overseas as well as at home.

Ebola Diagnostic Assay EZ-1

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense11

The DoD also contributed to the development of the BioFire Filmarray, an improved assay for diagnosing Ebola virus disease, as well as other infectious diseases.

BioFire Filmarray Assay

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

Originally funded by the DoD, ZMAPP is a cocktail of three humanized antibodies that bind to the Ebola glycoprotein.

Production of these antibodies in tobacco plants required extensive biological and process engineering efforts.

ZMAPP

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Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

Transport Isolation System

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The Transport Isolation System (TIS) provides a patient isolation unit to increase caregiver safety (expands single patient Aeromedical Biological Containment System (ABCS) concept to multiple patient use on military cargo aircraft

The primary goal of the TIS100A is to preserve and enhance the Aeromedical Evacuation (AE) mission by providing an adaptable / modular isolation system

The TIS provides aircraft crew with a system for the effective isolation of exposed / infected personnel during flight operations

The TIS integrates with the C-17 and C-130 transportation aircraft (among others)

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

The Field Deployable Hydrolysis System (FDHS) is a system designed to render chemical warfare materiel into compounds not usable as weapons with a resulting destruction efficiency of 99.9 percent.

The FDHS was mounted on the MV Cape Ray and deployed to Syria charged with the destruction of their chemical weapons stockpiles.

Aug. 18, 2014 – Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel has congratulated the crew of the Cape Ray for completing the work of neutralizing Syrian chemical weapons components.

Field Deployable Hydrolysis System

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Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

Chemical Biological Protective Shelter

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Program DescriptionMobile, self-contained, rapidly deployable chemical and biological shelter that provides a contamination-free, environmentally-controlled medical treatment area for U.S. Army Medical units

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

Provides a set of tools and capabilities that will facilitate the timely identification and detection of biological events in order to minimize operational impacts to the local and global populations.

Provides an integrated suite of web-based components designed to support public health officers, environmental officers, clinicians, physicians, and CBRN personnel as they maintain their situational awareness of local, regional, and global biological threats to the public.

BSP 1.0 leverages existing tools and technologies to provide users across multiple organizations and disciplines with a centralized “one-stop shop” for all of their Biosurveillance resources.

The Biosurveillance Portal (BSP)

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Reducing Operational Impacts from Chemical and Biological Threats

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Operational Impact

Prevent Protect Respond Recover

Additional Pretreatments

Improve Surveillance (Information & Sensors)

Additional Vaccines

Decontamination

Detection Protection

Integrated Protection

How can we fill the gap to reduce operational impact?

Effectiveness of Countermeasures

Therapeutics Bio defense

detect / diagnose to treat

Biological Window of Treatment

Limited Vaccines

Biological Window of Treatment

Therapeutics Detection

Protection Decontamination

Prepare Exposure Pre-symptomatic Symptomatic

Chemical Window of Treatment

Limited Pretreatments

Chem defensedetect to warn

Biological Window of Treatment

Prepare Exposure Pre-symptomatic Symptomatic

Diagnostics

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• The CBDP is pursuing an approach that provides comprehensive protection to the Warfighter and the Nation against current and future threats.

• The CBDP is the center of gravity within the U.S. Government for defense against NTA threats.

• DoD/HHS are indispensable partners in the coordinated development of chemical and biological defense medical countermeasures for the Warfighter and the Nation.

• The CBDP must maintain critical infrastructure to achieve its strategic goals and objectives.

The Bottom Line

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Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense

"The level of outbreak [Ebola] is beyond anything we’ve seen—or even imagined."

- Dr. Tom Frieden, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, September 2014

“On that terrible night, the world saw in gruesome detail the terrible nature of chemical weapons, and why the overwhelming majority of humanity has declared them off-limits -- a crime against humanity, and a violation of the laws of war.”- President Obama, September 10, 2013

These Challenges are Relevant Today…

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Questions?

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