Chem-To-Go Lesson 16Unit 4

COVALENT BONDING

FORMULAS & NAMES

(INCLUDING ACIDS)

WHAT IS A COVALENT BOND?

Covalent Bond = a nonmetal atom shares valence electrons with another nonmetal atom; both atoms achieve stabilityWe’ll learn to:1. Name covalent

compounds2. Write formulas

for covalent compounds

3. Draw Lewis structures

4. Analyze Lewis structures to predict properties

1)Mono2)Di3)Tri4)Tetra5)Penta

6)Hexa7)Hepta8)Octa9)Nona10)Deca

IMPORTANT PREFIXES

Use the prefixes to determine subscripts for each element.

NO IONS, THEREFORE NO CRISS-CROSSING!

WRITING FORMULAS

EXAMPLE 1: phosphorus

trioxide

EXAMPLE 2: dinitrogen

trioxide

EXAMPLE 3: tricarbon

octahydride

Use the prefixes to determine subscripts for each element.

NO IONS, THEREFORE NO CRISS-CROSSING!

WRITING NAMES

EXAMPLE 1: N2O5

EXAMPLE 2: CF4

EXAMPLE 3: P2O6

SPECIAL TYPE OF COVALENT COMPOUND:

ACIDS

Acid = compound that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water How to Recognize

Acids:Find H at the front of the

chemical formula.Examples of Acids:• H2SO4

• HCl• HNO3

• HBr

Binary AcidsContain H bonded to

ONE other element

Writing Names Hydro + root + ic

acid Ex. HCl = hydrochloric

acid Ex. H2S = hydrosulfuric

acid Ex. HI = hydroiodic acid

OxyacidsContain H bonded to a

POLYATOMIC ION

Writing Names IF –ATE ion: root + ic

acid Ex. HNO3 = nitric acid

Ex. H2SO4 = sulfuric acid

IF –ITE ion: root + ous acid Ex. HNO2 = nitrous acid

Ex. H2SO3 = sulfurous acid

TWO TYPES OF ACIDS

Binary Acids Oxyacids

FORMULAS OF ACIDS

Criss-cross the ion charges as if the

compound was ionicExample: hydronitric acid“Yes hydro, No polyatomic”

Example: chlorous acid“No hydro, Yes polyatomic”