Chem Lab 2011
Transcript of Chem Lab 2011
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In 2008, a 22-year old
researcher from
UCLA died from second
and third degree burns
after an accident
involving t-butyl lithium
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In 2010, four researchers from the University of Missourisustained minor injuries after an explosion caused by thespontaneous combustion of hydrogen and nitrogen gases
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Nearly 6,000 people
die from job-related
injuries (17 people a
day in the U.S. in2008)
4.4 million more suffer
occupational injuries
and illnesses each year
in the U.S.
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To protect people- it’s a moral responsibility
To comply with the law- government regulationsrequire it
Good safety is good business
Safety is a catalyst for organizational excellence
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For every $1.00 invested
in a work safety and
health program, $3.00-
$6.00 dollars are saved asinjuries, illnesses and
fatalities decline, medical
costs and workers
compensation costsdecrease and productivity
increases
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Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA): To protect
human health and the
environment
Occupational Safety &Health Administration(OSHA): To makeemployers responsible forproviding a safe andhealthy workplace for theiremployees
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Addresses “Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals
in laboratories”
Provides guidelines to ALL laboratory workers usinghazardous chemicals in an “investigative” application
(29 CFR 1910, subpart Z)
Does not apply to laboratory uses of hazardous chemicals
which provide no potential for employee exposure
- Impregnated Test Media (e.g. dip-and-read tests)
- Commercially prepared kits (e.g. pregnancy test kits)
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1. The location of the Chemical Hygiene Plan
2. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to
hazardous chemicals in the laboratory
3. Location and availability of known reference materialon the hazards (physical and health), safe handling,
storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals
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List of the policies and standard operating
procedures to ensure that employees are protected
from harm due to chemicals
Includes training, PPE, housekeeping, laboratory
inspections, chemical segregation, recordkeeping,
etc.
Written, developed and implemented by UCONN
Located at http://ehs.uconn.edu/chemplan.html
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Training needs to be provided:
1. At the time of an employees initial assignment to a
work area where hazardous chemicals are present
2. Prior to assignments involving new exposuresituations
Refresher training needs to be completed everyyear. Online refresher training is available at:http://ehs.uconn.edu/training/login.html
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Provided whenever:
- An employee develops signs or symptoms associated witha hazardous chemical
- When exposure levels exceed the action level/permissibleexposure limit (PEL) for an OSHA regulated substance
- When a leak, spill or explosion results in a hazardous
exposure
All medical examinations shall be performed by or under thedirect supervision of a licensed physician and shall beprovided without cost to the employee, without loss of payand at a reasonable time and place
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Each lab should designate its own Chemical Hygiene
Officer (CHO)
CHO is responsible for implementing the policies
and procedures in the Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
Ultimately it is the responsibility of EVERY LAB
WORKER to follow the safe work practices in the
CHP
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Hazard- any existing or potential workplace condition
that by itself or by interacting with other variables can
result in death, injury, property damage or other loss.
Types of Hazards
- Health
- Physical- Biological (e.g. bloodborne pathogens, mold, etc.)
- Ergonomic (e.g. repetition, vibration, work area design)
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Before working with any chemical, each workershould understand it’s properties, characteristics,hazards, and handling precautions
Hazard Identification-
1. Assess all laboratory areas for potential hazards
2. Prevent harmful situations
- Use Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) toidentify chemical-specific hazards
- Implement controls to reduce or eliminate hazard
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MSDS- a written or electronic document that containsdetails of the hazards associated with a chemical, and givesinformation on its safe use.
MSDS is the MOST important tool in hazard identification
Must be written in English
No standard format
Required for EVERY chemical in the lab
- Hard copy
- Link to an electronic form
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Chemical name, trade name,synonyms and CAS number(Chemical Abstract System)
Manufacturer information
List of hazardous ingredients
Exposure limits (OSHA PEL)
Conditions under whichchemical will burn, explode,
melt or become dangerous gas Normal appearance and odor of
chemical
Fire fighting measures
Spill/Leak procedures
Entry routes
Health Hazards
Medical conditions that canbe aggravated by exposure
Prevention of exposure(handling, storage, PPE anddisposal)
Signs/symptoms of exposure,what to do if exposed
Date MSDS last updated
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Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – An exposure limitenforced by OSHA as a legal standard. Most PEL’s areexpressed as 8 hour average airborne concentrations of substances to which it is believed most workers may beexposed for a working lifetime (30years) without developingserious illness (e.g. PEL for acetone is 1000ppm (2400mg/m3).
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Short-Term Exposure
Limits (STELs) are exposure limits set by the AmericanConference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
(e.g. TLV for acetone is 500ppm, STEL 750ppm)
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Administrative- minimize worker exposure by using
policies, procedures and rules as standard operating
procedures (e.g. housekeeping, self-inspections, workplace
orientation, etc.)
Engineering- design the workplace to reduce or
eliminate hazards (e.g. fume hoods, substitution, isolation,
barriers, etc.)
Personal Protective Equipment- provides a barrier
between the worker and the hazard (e.g. gloves, goggles,
face-shields, earplugs, protective footwear, etc.)
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Health Hazard- means a
chemical for which there is
statistically significant
evidence based on at least
one study conducted in
accordance with
established scientific
principles that acute or
chronic health effects mayoccur in exposed
employees.
Physical Hazard- a
characteristic of a chemical
that does not manifest itself
when that chemical is
exposed to an individual.
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Irritants
Sensitizers
Mutagens Teratogens
Target Organ
Chemicals
Carcinogens
Corrosives
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Fire/Explosion
- Pyrophoric
- Flammable (FP < 100°F)
- Combustible (FP > 100°F)
Oxidizers
Water Reactive
Electrical
Noise
Radiation
Sharps/Piercing Objects
Slips/Falls
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Inhalation
Absorption
Ingestion
Injection
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Routes of Entry
Physical Condition
Dose
Frequency
Combined Effects
Stress
Sensitivity
Individual Variation
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Behavior Change Breathing Difficulty Change in Complexion/
Skin Color Coughing Drooling Fatigue /weakness
Irritation of eyes/nose/ throat/skin
Headache Nausea
Sweating
Tightness of chest
Coordination difficulty
Dizziness Diarrhea
Irritability
Light-headedness
Sneezing Dermatitis
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BEFORE working in the laboratory you should know:
1. Emergency Evacuation Route
- Out of the Lab
- Out of the Building
- Meeting Place
2. Locations of fume hoods, spill response kits, first aid kits,safety showers, eyewash stations, etc.
3. Review and understand the MSDS for each chemical beingused and the hazards associated with it.
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Chemical Inventory- a list of every chemical(including gas cylinders) present in a specificlaboratory
Can be electronic or hard copy
Should contain at minimum:
- Name of the chemical
- Location of the chemical in the lab (e.g. left storage cabinet)
- Approximate amount of the chemical (e.g. acetone 5-gallons)
Document changes to inventory as needed
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Incompatible chemicals should not be stored together
Chemicals should be segregated into distinct groups
based on their chemical properties: Flammable/Ignitable Water Reactive
Acids Toxics
Bases Nonhazardous
Oxidizers
Segregating chemicals by alphabetical order oftentimes does not minimize hazards
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Flammables need to be stored in an approved cabinet
or refrigerator
Nitric Acid and Perchloric Acid are oxidizers and
need to be stored with other oxidizers Glacial acetic acid is both combustible and corrosive
and the University prefers that it be stored in the
flammable cabinet
Perchloric acid should be handled in a hood
specifically designed for perchloric acid use
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Peroxides are highlyreactive materials that maybecome shock-sensitiveexplosives
Peroxides can form from
exposure to air and light Peroxides can form even
though the containers havenot been opened
Formation of peroxides in
ethers is accelerated inopened and partiallyemptied containers.
Refrigeration will not prevent peroxide formation
Peroxides may detonatewhen combined with othercompounds or whendisturbed by unusual heat,shock or friction
Examples:
- Diethyl Ether
- Tetrahydrafuran
- Sodium/Potassium Amide
- Potassium metal
- Dioxane
- Picric Acid
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Identify chemicals that formperoxides
Store in tightly sealed containersand place in a cool place in theabsence of light
Visually check for crystallinesolids before use
Label containers with the datereceived and the date firstopened
Discard before manufacturer’sexpiration date
If you suspect that peroxideshave formed, do not open the
container. Call for help.
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Conduct all operations that may generate irritating and/or
hazardous air contaminants inside a hood
Keep all apparatus and chemicals at least 6 inches back from
the face of the hood
Keep the hood sash closed as much as possible
Do not store chemicals or apparatus in the hood
Do not use the hood as a waste disposal method
(e.g. volatilize chemicals) Do not remove hood sash or panels
Keep the slots in the hood baffle free of obstruction by
apparatus or containers
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Chemical hazards
- Corrosive
- Explosive
- Flammable- Reactive
- Toxic
Other Hazards
- Asphyxiation
- Potential energy of cylinder
- Compatibility between valve
and regulator fittings
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Contents of the cylindershould be clearly marked
Store cylinders upright andsecure them with a chain,strap, or cable
A cylinder cap or regulatorvalve should always be inplace
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area (no cold
rooms) free from sources of ignition
Separate and secure fulland empty containers
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During transport, cylindersshould be secured to anappropriate handcart
Only one cylinder should
be moved at a time Cylinders should never berolled or dragged
The cover cap should bescrewed on hand tight and
remain on until the cylinderis in place and ready foruse
ALWAYS use safetygoggles when handling gascylinders
Don’t be afraid to ask for
help
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Cryogenic Liquid- a cryogenic liquid is a liquid with
a normal boiling point below -238°F (-150°C)
Common cryogenic liquids found at universities
include:
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Hydrogen
- Carbon Monoxide
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Burn Hazards
- Tight-fitting goggles/face shield
- Thermally insulated or leather
gloves (loose-fitting)- Closed-toe footwear
Asphyxiation Hazards
- Gases are colorless and odorlesswhich make them hard to detect
- Store in a well ventilated area
Explosion Hazards
- Do not plug, remove, or tamper
with any pressure relief device
- Do not store in a container with
tight fitting cap
- Dispense only into approved
Dewars
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Work areas should be kept clean and free fromobstruction.
Hands should be washed after every experiment,
before touching any non-contaminated area orobject, and before leaving the laboratory area.
Access to exits, emergency exits, aisles, and controlsshould never be blocked.
Work areas should be cleaned at the end of theexperiment and at the end of the day.
Food or drink is not allowed in the laboratories
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Hazardous Waste- is a waste with properties that make itdangerous or potentially harmful to human health or theenvironment
Includes materials that are:- Abandoned
- Unknown
- Inherently waste-like
EPA (40 CFR 262.11) requires that any person who producesor generates a waste must determine if that waste is hazardous(e.g. Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Toxicity)
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Every waste container must:
1. Contain the words “Hazardous Waste”
2. List the specific name for each chemical in the container
(NO SYMBOLS OR ABBREVIATIONS) 3. Have a tight-fitting cap or lid. Waste containers should be
closed when not actively adding waste.
4. Be stored in a secure location
5. Be stored with compatible chemicals6. Be stored at or near a green “Satellite Accumulation
Area” sign
7. Store liquid waste in secondary containment tubs
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X
____
______
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Label a clear Ziploc bagwith green “ConnecticutRegulated Waste” sticker
Wear protective gloves, alaboratory coat, andchemical goggles
Place ethidium bromidegels or contaminated debrisin a clear Ziploc bag. Callfor pick-up when bag is
half full Place ethidium bromide
liquid in sturdy, non-leaking container withgreen label
Seal bag or container when
not in use
Wash hands thoroughly
after handling EtBr, even if
gloves are used
Ethidium Bromide
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According to the EPA, a container of a non-acute hazardous waste isconsidered “EMPTY” when:
1) All wastes have been removed using commonly used practices such as pouring,
pumping, aspirating, and draining
2) No more than 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) of material remains in the container or liner
3) No more than 3% by weight of the container remains for containers with a capacity
of 119 gallons or less
If all three criteria are met, the label on the container should be defacedand the container should be discarded in the glass receptacle in the lab
If any of the three criteria are not met, the container should be properlylabeled and disposed of as hazardous waste
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Acutely hazardous wastes (referred toas P-listed chemicals by the EPA)
require greater attention at the time of
disposal, since many have highly
poisonous or reactive properties.
A list of acutely hazardous chemicals
is located at:
http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/waste
types/listed.htm
ALL EMPTY CONTAINERS OFACUTELY HAZARDOUS WASTE
SHOULD BE LABELED
PROPERLY AND DISPOSED OF
AS HAZARDOUS WASTE.
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All broken glass should bedisposed of in suitable glasswaste receptacles in the labs
Sharps (e.g. razors blades,
syringes, hypodermic needles,pipettes, etc.) should bedisposed of in approved sharpscontainers
Sharps container types/sizesare available through theBiological Health & Safetywebsite at:http://www.ehs.uconn.edu/Biologi
cal/Sharps%20Containers.pdf
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Available online athttp://ehs.uconn.edu/cwc/request.php
Call before the wastecontainer is full
Chemical Waste Pick-ups are conducted onM/W/F mornings(Storrs)
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Relocate- If it is safe to do so, relocate people in immediatedanger.
Alarm- Pull the building fire alarm to alert others. Move to a
safe location. Call 911 immediately. Confine- If it can be done safely, close all doors, windows
and other openings to confine the fire. Shut off fuel sourcessuch as piped gases and compressed gas cylinders as youevacuate.
Evacuate- Evacuate building. Do not use elevators. Reportto your designated meeting site. Notify emergency responsepersonnel if others are trapped or left behind in the building.
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1. Close off room
2. Post NO ENTRY sign
on door to lab
3. Relocate to safelocation
4. Call 911
5. Do not re-enter areauntil instructed to do
so by the fire
department or other
emergency personnel
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Ensure you’re not in danger
Use proper PPE
Control the source andconfine the spill to a small
area using spill kit supplies Place debris in an
appropriate container,tightly seal or closecontainer, attach a
Hazardous Waste Tag Place in your Satellite
Accumulation Area andcontact EH&S for Pick-up
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For serious injuries andtrue emergencies call 911
Stock first aid kits
- Band-Aids
- 4x4 gauzes- Rolled bandages
- Ace bandages
Test eye washes weekly
Fire extinguishers andrespirators are only to beused by appropriatelytrained personnel
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Wash eye thoroughly withwater using an emergencyeyewash
Forcibly hold eyes open toensure effective washbehind both eyelids for at
least 15 minutes After 15 minutes, obtain
medical attention. Bring orsend MSDS or other sourceof contaminant information
to physician’s office If dust, metal, paint or
wood chips, cover or closeeye and report to SHS
Report injury to your
supervisor
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Remove contaminated clothing Wash skin thoroughly with water
using a faucet or emergencyshower
Take care not to break the skin
For chemical and thermal burns,flush with cold water, if indicated in MSDS
For biological, blood, orradiological exposure, use soapand water
Obtain medical attention if necessary. Bring or send MSDSto physician’s office
Report the injury to yoursupervisor
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Symptoms
- Skin that has become
dried, reddened, and itchy
or exhibits a rash
- Tearing or burning of theeyes
- Burning sensations of the
skin, nose or throat.
- Headache, dizziness,cough
Course of Action- Move to fresh air
- Get immediate help (911)
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Chemical Health & Safety
- Stefan Wawzyniecki- 486- 1110- [email protected]
- Denis Shannon- 486-3115- [email protected]
- Brent Lewchik- 486-4927- [email protected] Mich Colgan- 486-2691- [email protected]
- David Judd- 486-1804- [email protected]
Electronic Mailing List