Effluent Monitoring APAN26 Sustainable Networking Queenstown, 6 th August 2008.
Chelsea Technologies Group (CTG) - Presentation by Dr John Attridge & Richard Burt at Effluent...
-
Upload
chelsea-technologies-group-ltd -
Category
Technology
-
view
569 -
download
5
description
Transcript of Chelsea Technologies Group (CTG) - Presentation by Dr John Attridge & Richard Burt at Effluent...
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Chelsea Technologies Group
IntroductionJustin Dunning, Sales Manager
Chelsea Technologies Group
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Today’s agenda
• Welcome & introduction
- Justin Dunning
• Overview of Chelsea Technologies Group
- Richard Burt/Dr John Attridge
• Aquatic organic matter fluorescence – from phenomenon to
applications
- Dr Darren Reynolds
• New in situ UV fluorometers for water quality monitoring
- Dr John Attridge
• Q&A session
• Practical demonstration
• Lunch & networking
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Chelsea Technologies Group
Chelsea Technologies GroupRichard Burt, Marketing Director
Chelsea Technologies Group
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Chelsea Technologies Group
Application of
sensor
technology
Process control &
monitoring
Medical
diagnostics
Algal biofuel
production
Fresh water &
coastal
monitoring
Offshore pipeline leak detection
Hydrocarbon pollution monitoring
NAD
Tactical
Oceanography
Acoustic Target
Simulation
Oceanographic
research
Sensors &
systems
Acoustic
transducers
Fisheries
Exhaust gas
monitoring
Ballast water
monitoring
FerryBox
Security
Water
Quality/Treatment
Bio/chem Security
Storage Tank
Security
Environmental
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Marine
• Oceanography
- Deep ocean research
- Climate change monitoring
- Biodiversity
- Long term monitoring systems
• Products
- Sensors & systems
- Towed vehicles
- Acoustic transducers
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Marine – towed vehicle systems
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Marine – acoustic products
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Defence – submarine systems
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Defence – ship systems
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Defence – acoustic systems
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
CPNI – water protection
• Contamination detection
- Bioterrorism
- Agricultural run-off
- Industrial
- Hydrocarbon
- Sewage / waste water
• Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry
- FastGuard
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Environmental• Fresh water monitoring
- Ecological assessment
- Algal bloom detection
- Acoustic impact studies
• Coastal monitoring
- Corals/seagrasses
- Waste water outflow
- Fisheries
• Offshore pipeline leak detection
• Hydrocarbon pollution monitoring
- Legislation following BP Macondo incident
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Maritime - FerryBox
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Maritime - exhaust gas scrubbing monitors
• Onboard systems allow use of existing low sulphur fuels
• Avoid expensive fuels and engine modifications
• Hamworthy Krystallon- New build Messina vessels
- Retrofit APL vessels
- New Solvang vessels
• PAH, Turbidity & pH sensor suite
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Maritime - ballast water monitoring
• Prevent the transport of invasive species
• IMO Ballast Water Convention 2004
• All new builds from 2012
• Vessels built before 2012 must be fitted by 2017
• Estimated 62,000 MWTS required
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
New fluorometers for the Water Industry
• UniLux/TriLux- Miniature single & multiwavelength fluorometers
- Pigment and dye tracing
- Algal group studies & bloom detection
• Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRf)- Active fluorescence
- Contamination detection
- Ecological monitoring
• UviLux- New range of low cost UV fluorometers
- PAH, CDOM, Optical Brighteners & Tryptophan
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Technology driving innovation
AquaTracka– xenon flash based
– titanium housing
– full ocean depth
FRRf– photosynthesis
UniLux & TriLux– miniature fluorometers
– low cost
– LED based
UviLux– UV LED based
– low cost
Miniaturization & new applications
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
• Referenced LED excitation- High sensitivity & stability
• Single window geometry- Suitable for wipers
• High quality optical filtration- Low background
- Low turbidity breakthrough
• Microprocessor control- Digital output in calibrated engineering units
- User control of instrument parameters
• Parameters- Chlorophyll-a, phycobiliproteins, fluorescein, rhodamine-wt &
turbidity
UniLux single wavelength fluorometers
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
TriLux multiwavelength fluorometers• 3-channel multi-wavelength fluorometer
- Same form factor as UniLux
- 3 excitation wavelengths
- Common detection at 685nm
• Application
- Contribution to chlorophyll fluorescence from light
harvesting pigments
- Algal class studies
- Bloom detection
• 3 configurations available
- Chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, turbidity (freshwater)
- Chlorophyll-a, phycoerytherin, phycocyanin (coastal)
- Chlorophyll-a, phycoerythrin, turbidity (seawater)
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Algal fluorescence induction spectra
Chaetoceros gracilisMarine diatom (Chlorophyll c)
Wavelength (nm)
Dashed line = 685 nm
Heavy line = 730 nm
Light line = O2 evolution
Wavelength (nm)
Porphyridium cruentumMarine, unicellular red algae
Wavelength (nm)
Ulva sp. (Sea lettuce)Green algae (Chlorophyll b)
Wavelength (nm)
Chroomonas sp. (Cryptophyte)Marine cyanobacterium – more chlorophyll than most cyanobacteria
+ phycocyanin only
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
• Development from conventional chlorophyll fluorimetry
• Specific tool to study phytoplankton physiology
• Used for open ocean research
- Photosynthesis efficiency, biomass, primary photosynthesis/productivity
- Carbon dioxide fixation, climate modelling
- Bloom detection
• Applications:
- Homeland security
- Industrial contamination detection
- Environmental monitoring
- Bioreactor process monitoring
Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRf)
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
FRRF applied to water toxicity monitoring
• Toxins disrupt algal physiology and photosynthetic pathways
• Use natural algal population as transducer- Provides more specific information than conventional fluorimetry
- Broad spectrum detection capability
• Time dependent measurement- Dimensionless parameters
- Less susceptible to natural variations
- Multi-parameter sensor
• Potential applications- Water intake protection
- Bloom detection
- Ecological monitoring
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Control
Potassium cyanide
Control
Atrazine
Examples of response to contaminants
0.3µM
3µM
0.2mM
2mM
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Flexible configuration
FRRf SensorsFastGuard
FastOcean Profiling
System
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Extending applications for FRRf
Algal biofuel production Corals
Bioreactor process control Sea grasses
Bloom detection
Ecological monitoring
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
New in situ UV fluorometers for water quality monitoringDr John Attridge, Technical Director
Chelsea Technologies Group
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
UviLux• Background
• Overview of he new UviLux fluorometer
• Performance evaluation
• Examples of field applications
• Short video of field operation
• Summary
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Excitation Emission Matrices (EEMs)
• Distinct peaks relate to different fluorescent compounds in water
• ‘T1’ peak correlates with Tryptophan fluorescence
- shown to be a good indicator of water quality
Excitation Wavelength (nm)
Emission Wavelength (nm)
Humic
PAH
Humic
T1
Optical
Brighteners
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
UviLux – currently 4 configurations
600m
0.005 – 200µg/L
0.005µg/L
(stilbene derivatives)
450nm
350nm
Optical Brighteners
600m
0.002 – 15µg/L
0.002µg/L
(perylene)
450nm
255nm
CDOM
600m600mDepth Rating
0.02 – 800µg/L0.005 – 200µg/LRange
0.02µg/L
(Tryptophan)
0.005µg/L
(carbazole)
Sensitivity
360nm360nmEmission
280nm255nmExcitation
TryptophanPAH
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
What is Tryptophan?
• An essential amino acid in human diet
• Main component of protein fluorescence
• Associated with microbial activity
- Sewage & faecal contamination of waste waters, e.g.
agricultural runoff
• Fluorescence correlates with BOD measurements
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Just some of the publications….
• Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems: a review
- R.K. Henderson et al, Water Research, 43, 863-881, 2009
• Can fluorescence spectroscopy be used as a surrogate for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test in water quality assessment? An example from South West England
- N. Hudson et al, Science of the Total Environment, 391, 149-158, 2008
• Use of synchronous fluorescence spectra to estimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of urban rivers affected by sewage treatment
- J Hur & D.S. Kong, Environmental Technology, 29(4), 435-444, 2008
• Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter in natural, waste and polluted waters – a review
- N Hudson et al, River Research and Applications, 23, 631-649, 2007
• Rapid and direct determination of tryptophan in water using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy
- D.M. Reynolds, Water Research, 37, 3055-3060, 2003
• The differentiation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable dissolved organic matter in wastewaters using fluorescence spectroscopy
- D.M. Reynolds, J Chem Technol Biotechnol 77, 965-972, 2002
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Fluorescence correlation to BOD
• Strong relationship between fluorescence and BOD5 demonstrated
• Applications:
- Surrogate for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measurement
- Effluent contamination monitoring
- Combined Sewage Overflow (CSO) and Fish Kill investigations
- General pollution event investigations
- Foul & surface sewer misconnection detection
- Water catchment surveys
‘Should consider fluorescence spectroscopy as a more
accurate, independent and flexible indicator of bioavailability
than BOD5’Science of the Total Environment 391 (2008) 149 – 158
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Tryptophan UviLux• Currently the only commercial in situ Tryptophan fluorometer available
• Why measure fluorescence?
- Sensitivity - typically x1000 absorbance techniques
- Specificity – not everything fluoresces
• Why measure in situ?
- Spot sampling
- Avoids sample transport for laboratory testing
- Over sampling improves data quality
- High spatial and temporal resolution
• Features
- Robust stable performance
- Combines high sensitivity with wide dynamic range
- Digital & analogue outputs
- Wireless connectivity for field use
- Inline options available
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
UWE performance evaluation
Laboratory Spectrofluorometer
Uvi
Lu
x
Loss of spectrometer response
UviLux saturating
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Dynamic range – user selectable
Typical LOD = 0.02µg/L
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Correlation with BOD5
Initial study reproduces published correlation
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Field testing
Gower, South Wales
April 2012
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Outflow from small water treatment plant
35
34 34
85
113
93
324
45
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Data summary
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Water catchment survey
34.8
35.3
35.6
35.836.3
34.433.933.6
33.3
32.3
27.9
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Test summary
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Potential background interference from CDOM
Deionised Water Tap Water Pond Water
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
CDOM correction
• CDOM response appears insensitive to [Tryptophan]
- Can extract [Tryptophan] using CDOM correction
• Less of an issue if monitoring continuously
Tryptophan dose response in pond water
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
‘RAG’ alarm trigger algorithm
• Developed for biosecurity applications
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Event detection
12 minute
contamination event
Pump
failure
• Robust event detection algorithm developed- detect change against highly variable background
- minimise false positives
• Application software can take input from multiple sensors
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Seawater tests
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Accessories
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Inline installation
Next
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Summary
• UviLux betters published laboratory
fluorometer performance
• UviLux reproduces published findings
- correlation with BOD5 demonstrated
• In situ capability provides significant
advantages
- oversampling in highly variable background
- detect change over background
- respond to rapid events
• CDOM background correction is feasible
UviLux Workshop, July 2012
Thank Youwww.chelsea.co.uk
The Tryptophan UviLux has been validated and is available for purchase