Grain, Legumes and Milled Product Notes

Grain, Legumes and Milled Products

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolIntroduction to Grains, Legumes and Milled Products 2 subgroups of Grains 1- Whole Grains contains entire kernel of grain Example: Oatmeal 2- Refined Grains Grains are processed Example: White flour Legume- Type of plant that has seeds that grow in a pod Examples: Peas or beans that grow in pod http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legume

Milled Product Product that has been milled or ground Examples: Grits; corn meal; etc.

http://www.choosemyplate.gov/food-groups/grains.html

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolBarley Type of grain Mild flavor Typically sold as whole grain or pearl barleyHigh in fiber

www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/common-types-grains

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolBulgur

Type of wheat To make bulgur, wheat is steamed, dried and cracked Nutty flavor Grainy texture www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/common-types-grains

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolKasha Toasted buckwheat groats Sweet and musky flavor Type of fruit seed

www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/common-types-grains

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolQuinoa Type of plant Complete protein contains all nine essential amino acids

www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/common-types-grains

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolWheat Berries Type of grain Minimally processed whole kernels of wheat Strong, sweet taste

www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/common-types-grains

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolGreen Beans

vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes Type of legume Medium length Contain green seeds Can eat entire pod as well as beans

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolKidney Beans Type of legume Shaped and colored like a kidney Usually eaten without pod Typically sold dried Soak in water over night to soften beans vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolSoybeans Type of legume Can be used in various ways Can be eaten in pod (edamame)Can be removed from pods and cooked

vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolPinto Beans Type of legume Most common bean in US Typically sold dried out of pods Soak in water overnight

www.fieldcrest.biz/images/pinto.jpg vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolGarbanzo Beans Type of legume Another name is chickpeas Can be group up dry to form flour Used to make humus, soups, salads, etc Soak overnight in water before making hummus

vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolSouthern Peas Type of legume Also called cow peas or black eyed peas Defined by black spot Sold dried Soak in water overnight to soften them

vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolEnglish Peas Type of legume Grow on vines Have tough, inedible pods Typically found in frozen section or in cans at grocery stores

www.specialtyproduce.com/sppics/2012.png vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolSnow Peas

www.vegaproduce.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/product_detail/snowpeas.jpg vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes Type of legume Variety of green pea Consumed still in the pod Pods are flat Can be eaten raw or cooked

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolSugar Snap Peas Type of legume Edible pod Pea pod is rounded not flat Can be eaten raw or cooked

vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolLentils Type of legume Different colors and sizes Small and flat Often sold dried- soak in water overnight

vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolPeanuts

vegetarian.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Legumes Type of legume Split pod Uses in food more closely related to nuts Physical structure resembles legume

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolGrits Type of milled productCorn is milled and broken into small grains

midstatemills.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/3_whitequickgrits.jpg

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolCorn Meal Type of milled product Type of meal produced from corn

nuts.com/images/auto/801x534/assets/9a0eff0735374cfd.jpg www.thefreedictionary.com/cornmeal

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolFlour Type of milled product Beginning product is milled until extremely fine powder Various types of flours: rice flour, whole wheat flour, etc.

americanpreppersnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/whole-wheat-flour-and-stalk1.jpg

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolGrains Storing grains Some grains can be stored in a dry area in an air tight container if uncooked Some grains may need to be stored in the refrigerator or freezer to extend shelf life Look for mold and examine the expiration date to determine if the gain is still good If the product smells bad, it might have spoiled If the grain is moist or wet in some places, it has gone bad Preparing grains Some grains must be soaked overnight in water before cooking Cooking grains Some grains are boiled soften the grains and make them more palatable Grains are often boiled in water or broth Serving grains Grains are often served as a side dish with along with vegetables and a protein

www.ehow.com/how_8691259_tell-grain-gone-bad.htmlwww.gipsa.usda.gov/fgis/standards/810wheat.pdf

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolLegumes Storing Legumes Storage of legumes depends on type of legume Typically stored in refrigerator to prevent spoilage Canned legumes are shelf stable until container is opened Preparing legumes Legumes need to be washed off before cooking Cooking legumes Legumes can be stir-fryed, steamed, etc. Serving legumes Legumes are often incorporated into a stir-fry or steamedOften incorporated into soups

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High SchoolMilled Products Storing milled products Milled products such as flour and cornmeal are often stored in the refrigerator once package is opened Preparing milled products Little preparation is needed begin cooking with milled products Cooking milled products Milled products can be cooked in a variety of ways Typically incorporated into baked productsServing grains Milled products can be served in a variety of ways Milled flour can be used to make a bread Milled cornmeal can be used to make cornbread Grits can be served as part of a breakfast course

Chef Dee Smith, CSFECulinary Arts Instructor -West Forsyth High School