Charts

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In this unit we look at the language used to describe charts and graphs. Graphs or charts help people understand data quickly. You can use them to make a comparison or show a trend. At the end of this unit you should know some useful vocabulary for describing charts and graphs. 1. Types of chart. Pie chart: A pie chart is used to show percentages Bar chart: A bar chart is used to compare different sets of information Line graph: A lline graph is most useful for showing trends.

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English charts

Transcript of Charts

In this unit we look at the language used to describe charts and graphs. Graphs or charts help people understand data quickly. You can use them to make a comparison or show a trend.At the end of this unit you should know some useful vocabulary for describing charts and graphs.1.Types of chart. Pie chart: A pie chart is used to show percentages

Bar chart: A bar chart is used to compare different sets of information

Line graph: Alline graph is most useful for showing trends.

2. What is a trend? A trend is a general tendency or direction. an upward/downward trend3.Vocabulary for describing graphs. Helpful words and phrases for describing graphs UP Verbsrise, increase, grow, go up, improve, jump, surge, shoot up , soar, rocket UP Nounsa rise, an increase, growth, an upward/rising/increasing trend, an improvement, a jump, a surge DOWN Verbsfall, decrease, drop, decline,go down, slump, plummet DOWN Nounsa fall, a decrease, a decline,a downward/falling/decreasing trend, a slump NO CHANGE Verbsremain stable/constant, stay at the same level, stabilize FREQUENT CHANGE Verbfluctuate FREQUENT CHANGE Noun fluctuation AT THE TOP Verbsreach a peak, peak., reach its/their highest point AT THE BOTTOM Verbsreach/hit a low (point), hit/reach its/their lowest pointCHANGEAdjectives: dramatic, considerable, sharp, significant, moderate, slight, sudden, rapid, steady, gradual, slowAdverbs: dramatically, considerably, sharply, significantly, moderately, slightly, suddenly, rapidly, steadily, gradually, slowlyPrepositions: a risefrom725to825 to increaseby2.1 % an increaseof2.1 %inthe crime rate4. The following site helps you understand and revise some important vocabulary. http://adw.hct.ac.ae/site_ilc/sites_ielts/graphsite/index.htmAdjective + fall Dramatic fall: a quick and large drop. (= rapid fall) Gradual fall: a slow decrease over a long period. Marked fall: a significant decrease; a larger and more important drop when compared to a previous fall. Moderate fall: a small or slight drop; not a bad fall (= slight fall) Significant fall: a large and an important drop. A fall that shows that there is reason for concern (see marked fall) Sharp fall: a quick and sudden drop (see sudden fall) Sudden fall: a quick and an unexpected drop, especially after long period of increaseAdjective + increase Gradual increase: a small, constant increase over a long period (see steady increase) Marked increase: a stronger and more important increase, especially when compared to the previous increases (= significant increase) Moderate increase: a small increase or rise (= slight increase) Sharp increase: a quick and steep/sharp increase or rise (=steep increase) Steady increase: a consistent increase over a long periodDescribing positions Highest level: the top position; the highest point. The share price was at its highest level in 1995. It often goes with FOR or IN. The shared price reached its highest levels FOR (IN) 3 years. (See peaked and reached a peek) Lowest level: the bottom position; the lowest point. Often goes with FOR or IN. (See Bottom out)Bottom out (phrasal V): to remain at the lowest level for a period of time. Between 1995 and 1997 the share price bottomed out. It can also be written as a noun: There was a BOTTOMING OUT of the share price between 1995 and 1997. Peak (V): reach the highest position. In 1995 the share price peaked. (See Highest level, Reached a peak Reach a peak (V+N): achieve the highest position. In 1995 the share price reached a peak. Nouns of movement Decline: a down movement, a decrease or fall. After 1993 there was a decline in the share price. It can also be a V: After 1993 the share price declined. (= Decrease, Drop, Fall, Reduction, all of them can be used as a V) Fluctuation: a repeated up and down movement over a period of time. There was a fluctuation in the share price between 1991 and 1997. Improvement: a recovery; the state of getting better. After 1993 there was an improvement in the share price. (= recovery, but recovery is stronger and more permanent than an improvement). Increase: a higher movement. After 1993 there was an increase in the shared price. IN Plateau: the state of staying at the same level over a period of time, especially after a period of increase. There was a plateau in the share price between 1995 and 1997. (See Level off and Plateau (v) ) Reduction: a down movement, a decrease or fall. After 1993 there was a reduction in the shared price. Often used with IN: There was a reduction in the shared price because of the poor profit forecast. Fall, decrease, drop also + IN.Recover + Adverb Recover slightly: to improve a small quantity. After 1995 the share price recovered slightly. Recover strongly: to improve by a large amount after having fallen previously. Trends: adj + trend Downward trend: the overall up and down movement of something over a long period of time in a down direction. During the 1990s there was a downward trend in the share price. Upward trend: the overall up and down movement of something over a long period of time in an up direction.Verbs of movement Bottom out: to remain at the lowest level for a period of time: Between 1995 and 1997 the share price bottomed out. Double to: to increase by 2 times over a period. In 1993 the share price had stood at 3, but by 1997 it doubled to 6. Fluctuate: to move up and down repeatedly over a period of time. Between 1991 and 1997 the share price fluctuated. Level off: to stay at the same over a time, especially after a period of increase. Between 1995 and 1997 the share price leveled off. See Palletized (v) and Plateau (v). Plateau: to stay at the same over a time, especially after increasing significantly. Between 1995 and 1997 the share price plateaued. Plummet: to fall a long way in a short time. Between 1997 and 1998 the share price plummeted. Plummet (and plunge) is only used when there is an extreme fall. See also Dramatic fall, Plunge, Rapid fall. Plunge: to fall a long way in a short time. Between 1997 and 1998 the share price plunged. Soar: to increase to a high level in a very short time. Between 1997 and 1998 the share price soared. It is probably a more extreme term than rapid increase or steep increase. 5. Fill in all the gaps:The total property crime rate and B&E rate between 2000 and 20071. IntroductionThis report examines the changes in the total property crime rate and the break and enter rate between 2000 and 2007.2. Findings.In 2000 the total property crime rate was 2500 offences per 100 000 population. Then the rate 1) rose(sharply/sharp) and reached 3800 in 2001. After a 2)(moderate/moderately) fall in 2002, the rate started to 3)(increase/decrease) again and reached a 4)(peak/top) in 2003. However, after 5)(stabilizing/fluctuating) for some months, the total property crime rate dropped 6)(considerably/considerable) throughout 2004 and the beginning of 2005.The rate stayed at about 2400 offences from mid-2005 7)(to/until) mid-2006 before 8)(decreasing/decrease) again.

In 2000 the break and enter rate was about 760 offences per 100 000 population. 9) From(From/since) 2000 to 2003, there was a steady 10)(upward/downward)trend in the B rate. The rate 11)(reached/arrived) its highest point in 2003 and then 12)(showed/fell) a significant downward trend until mid-2005. After being stable for a few months, the rate continued to fall 13)(slightly/slight), dropping to around 780 in 2007.

3 .ConclusionThe total property crime rate fluctuated from 2000 to 2003, whereas the break and enter rate showed a general upward trend. Both rates peaked in 2003, fell significantly until mid-2005, stabilized for some months and 14)(fell/grew) slightly during 2006 and 2007.