Charlotte brontë
Transcript of Charlotte brontë
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Charlotte Brontë (21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an
English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë
sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels have
become classics of English literature. She published her best
known novel, Jane Eyre, under the pen name Currer Bell.
Charlotte was born in Thornton, west ofBradford in the West Riding ofYorkshire, in 1816, the third of the sixchildren of Maria (née Branwell) andPatrick Brontë (formerly surnamed Bruntyor Prunty), an Irish Anglican clergyman.In 1820 her family moved a few miles tothe village of Haworth, where her fatherhad been appointed perpetual curate ofSt Michael and All Angels Church. Mariadied of cancer on 15 September 1821,leaving five daughters, Maria, Elizabeth,Charlotte, Emily and Anne plus a son,Branwell, to be taken care of by hersister, Elizabeth Branwell.
Juvenilia
The Young Men's Magazine, Number 1 – 3
(August 1830)
The Spell
The Secret
Lily Hart
The Foundling
The Green Dwarf
My Angria and the Angrians
Albion and Marina
Tales of the Islanders
Tales of Angria (written 1838–1839 – a
collection of childhood and young adult
writings including five short novels)
Mina Laury
Stancliffe's Hotel
The Duke of Zamorna
Henry Hastings
Caroline Vernon
The Roe Head Journal Fragments
Novels
Jane Eyre, published 1847
Shirley, published in 1849
Villette, published in 1853
The Professor, written before Jane Eyre, submitted at first along
with Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, then separately, and
rejected by many publishing houses, published posthumously in 1857
Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Brontë wrote only 20 pages of the
manuscript, published posthumously in 1860.
In recent decades at least two continuations of this fragment have
appeared:
Emma, by "Charlotte Brontë and Another Lady", published 1980;
although this has been attributed to Elizabeth Goudge, the actual
author was Constance Savery.
Emma Brown, by Clare Boylan, published 2003
Before the publication of Villette
Charlotte received a proposal of marriage
from Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's
curate, who had long been in love with
her. She initially turned down his
proposal and her father objected to the
union at least partly because of Nicholls's
poor financial status. Charlotte meanwhile
was increasingly attracted to Nicholls and
by January 1854 she had accepted his
proposal. They gained the approval of her
father by April and married in
June. They took their honeymoon in
Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland.
Charlotte became pregnant soon after her wedding,but her health declined rapidly and, according toGaskell, she was attacked by "sensations of perpetualnausea and ever-recurring faintness." She died, withher unborn child, on 31 March 1855, aged 38. Herdeath certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis,but many biographers suggest that she died fromdehydration and malnourishment due to vomitingcaused by severe morning sickness or hyperemesisgravidarum. There is also evidence that she died fromtyphus, which she may have caught from TabithaAckroyd, the Brontë household's oldest servant, whodied shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in thefamily vault in the Church of St Michael and All Angelsat Haworth.