BY-SONAKSHI BHATTACHARJEE

114AROO24, P&ANIT ROURKELA

http://im.rediff.com/news/2015/jun/17charles-correa.jpg

• Born in Hyderabad, India in 1930. • Studied at the University of Michigan and

Massachusetts Institute of Technology .• Established a private practice in Bombay in

1958.• Awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in

1984, the Aalto Medal, and the UIA Gold Medal in 1990., the Aalto Medal in 1990, Aga Khan award for architecture, Praemium Imperiale of Japan ,Padma Shree (1972) and Padma Vibhushan (2006) .

• Founded the Urban Design Research Institute in Bombay in 1984.

INTRODUCTION

• ReferencesDennis Sharp. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p40.

• http://test.iabforum.com/a-place-in-the-shade-charles-correa/

PHILOSOPHIES

POST LIBERALISATION INDIA

• http://www.kamit.jp/25_dictionary/mumbai_2.jpg• http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/04/13/15/86_big.jpg

PERVASIVE PRINCIPLES OF CORREATropes employed:• Courtyards and

terraces• The ritualistic pathway• Leisure• Urbanization• The machine for living• Workspaces• Metaphors

• Vernacular aspects• Seen in primary phase of his career in India

• Modern / postmodern philosophies• Seen in later phases of his career

HOTELSBY

CHARLES CORREA

CAMA HOTEL,AHMEDABAD1958-59

Whole volume supported On stilts

Double height atrium

Subsequent changes made by owners ; make it look like this at present.

https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/07/0d/19/1c/hotel-cama-ahmedabad.jpg

KOVALAM BEACH RESORT,KERALA1969-1974

http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/01/97/45/71_big.jpg

Public and semi public area

Rooms/Viillas/Suites

PLANNING

• The facilities had to be deployed in the manner which would create a critical mass for each activity and at a time open up several strategic  points  on the site so as to increase future growth  options.• The master plan there fore does not

concentrate all the facilities in one area , but generate a large number of potential growth points, thus allowing a more flexible response to future demands .

TEXT REFERNCE- http://www.charlescorrea.net/

• Ref - THEarchiblog.wordpress.com

Section of detached unit

Section of main building

Unit floor plan

PRINCIPLES• Cluster of detached units – “Kudils” • • Stepped terrace that leads visually to the

beach • • Subtle level changes having a certain

oriental character• • Highly articulated living zones• • Highly responsive resort with regional

character• plaster walls with red tiled roofs

• MAIN PRINCIPLE: STEPPED INTERLOCKING OF SPACES AND OPEN TO SKY, VERNACULARISM

REFERENCES-

CIDADE DE GOA, PANAJI1978-1982

http://www.cidadedegoa.com/images/profile.jpg

DESIGN IDEAS• CONTEXT • Goa – a balanced polysymmetric city of

villages and towns.• Land based economy of a colonial port city

• EXPRESSIONISM• Siituated on a descending slope in zuari river

range• Eldorado- Portuguese imagery (a city that

has no practical relevance).• VISUAL IMAGERY• Fragmented and kaleidoscopic series of

places

• KITSCH• Trompe de l’oiel• Goan nostalgia• Sardonic art

• SEMIOTIC• Main road leading to a ridge• Plaza• Extrovert balconies• Artefacts and symbols of a typical city

like stage set

MAIN TROPE- METAPHOR

CONNOTATIONSOFA

CITY

RESIDENCES ,APARTMENTS

&TOWNSHIPS

BYCHARLES CORREA

TUBE HOUSE,AHMEDABAD1961-1962

• Complete anti-thesis of his ‘open-to-sky’ concept.

• Narrow dwelling, 12’ wide. • Sloped roofs and vents situated at the

point of intersection, barely open to

sky. • To shield the house in the heat of the

day, protecting inner volume from the sun.

PAREKH HOUSE ,AHMEDABAD1967-1968

• Design concept:• Two pyramidal sections from housing types

developed for Cablenagar• Summer section – to be used during

daytime; protects interior from heat• Winter section – to be used in early

mornings and evenings; opens up the terraces to the sky• Since site faces east-west, house consists of

3 bays• Functional Aspects:• cubical composition• arrangement of spaces as per their time of

use.

• Passive features• A void is provided• Louvered doors-it also cuts off the heat

and direct sun coming from the entrance.• Level differences.

PLAN

• Other features:• Over head pargolas-helps in shading the

wall during the day time.• Recessed or Sunken windows-allows only

diffused light into the building.• STEP PYRAMIDAL form of spaces inversing

with respect to the season.• Garden space in front of the house.• Material chosen-concrete and brick

covering.• Good climatic responsive building since

47 years of its construction

https://identityhousing.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/pog-3.png

KORAMANGALAM HOUSE,BANGALORE

1985-1989• The traditional courtyard houses of South India

represent a typology much older, and really quite different, from that of the bungalows built by the British. • The traditional old Hindu houses in Tamil Nadu and

Goa are usually organised around a small central courtyard, with a tree or tulsi plant in the middle.

• The front door, intentionally placed off-centre on the main facade, leads one along a shifting axis to arrive at the courtyard - which acts as the central focus, and brings wonderful bounce-light and ventilation to the rooms that surround it.

• TROPES- Courtyards and Terraces.

SONMARG APARTMENTS, MUMBAI1961-1966

• This is an early attempt to deal with the context and climate of Bombay.

• In order to create two lines of defence against the rain and sun, a belt of auxiliary spaces (verandahs, studies, dressing rooms, etc) is arranged to form a zone of protection around the main living areas.

• The apartment is on two levels with a difference of 75 cm between the living room & the main bedrooms Since there are only two apartments per floor, each unit is open on three sides, creating through-ventilation and a subtle ambience of cross-light.

KANCHENJUNGA APARTMENTS,NAVI MUMBAI

1970-1983

PLANS

THIS

CONCEPTS

MAIN PRINCIPLE: Subverts the traditional principles of A bungalow veranda and applies them to a high-rise, creating generous two-storey terraces within geometrically-complex interlocking apartments.

The building had to be oriented east – west to capture prevailing sea breeze and views to the city. But also the orientation for hot sun and heavy rains

CONCEPTS• Tower 1:4 proportion – 21m X 84m – hosts 32 three or four bedroom luxury apartments.• Ingenious cellular planning – interlock of one and a half storey,split-level units.• Smaller displacement of levels differentiates external earth ;filled terrace to interior elevated living volumes• Effectively shields the effects of both sun and rain• Tower with deep garden verandahs (unite d habitation)

•MAIN PRINCIPLE: MODERNISM AND OPEN TO SKY (TERRACES)

TARA GROUP HOUSING, DELHI1975-78

• Tara Apartment is one kind of social projectsthat is intended for the middle-class of Nehrucenter.

• Tara housing group has more than 125 units and375 persons per hectare.

• The Tara pays deeply attention to the inner activities which are almost happen in the central garden and leave the interaction of traffic behind a wall which is parallel to Guru Ravidas Marg Street( the South-East).

• SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING OF SPACES

• TROPES- COURTYARD AND RITUALISTIC PATHWAY• CLIMATIC ADAPTABILITY

INTERIOR SPACE

ORGANIZATION

FORM GENERATION

SECTION

BELAPUR HOUSING, MUMBAI1983-1986

PRINCIPLESOPEN TO SKY SPACES -Project

demonstrates how high density housing (500 people per hectare) can be achieved in a low-rise typology, while including open to sky spaces and services, like schools, that the community requires

INCREMENTALITY- to give each unit its own site to allow for expansion

PARTICIPATION- Consequently, families do not share walls with their neighbors , allowing each to expand his own house

INCOME GENERATION - Houses constructed simply and can be built by traditional masons and craftsmen - generating employment for local workers

PLURALISM - several plans exist that cover the social spectrum, from squatters to upper income families

EQUITY (FAIRNESS) - Yet, the footprint of each plan varies little in size (from 45 sqm to 70 sqm), maintaining equity (fairness) in the community

PRESENT CONDITION

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

• careful development, understanding and adaptation of Modernism to a non-western culture.

• try to go beyond typical solutions to third world problems.

• the use of local materials .

• focuses on the needs of local people with regards to social needs and weather conditions, and the use of locally-sourced produce and craftsmanship.

• support the cultural identity of a place and community and eventually lead to sustainable architecture.

•  stresses the importance of social issues and the need for quality low-income housing,

• References[1] http://charlescorrea.net/ (19/03/2012)[2] Khan, H. U., Charles Correa: Architects in India, Butterworth Architecture, 1987[3] Stiny, G. Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars, Environment and Planning B: Planning andDesign, Volume: 7, pages: 343-351, 1980[4] Correa, C., The New Landscape: Urbanization in the Third World, Butterworth Architecture, 1989[5] Correa, C., The Blessing of The Sky (essay 7), Thames & Hudson, London, 2000http://charlescorrea.net/ (19/03/2012)[6] http://www.bot.yildiz.edu.tr/_sites/mardin/Doc/Correa.pdf (19/03/2012)

• http://archnet.org/authorities/9/publications/7098• http://archnet.org/authorities/9/sites/1405• http://www.ribabookshops.com/item/charles-correa-indias-

greatest-architect/80659/• http://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/charles-correa-

the-people-s-architect/• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Correa• Charles Correa - Architect in India (page 62-65)

http://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-tara-group-housing-delhi-1975-1978/Low-Rise High-Density Housing_ A Feasible Alternative (HCMC UARC – KULEUVEN, Bruno De Meulder, KellyShannon, page 38-43)http://www.charlescorrea.net/

• The Fate of Man and Architecture in the East ByKenneth Frampton(p1-4)

• Housing and Urbanisation, copyright 1999 by Charles Correa• http://www.charlescorrea.net/

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeUxo2omlHA• http://www.architectureweek.com/2000/1011/news_1-

2.html• “Report from India: Current work of Correa” by H. SmithArchitectural Record, New York, v. 168 n. 1 (lug. 1980) p. 88-99• “Open the Box” by Jim MurphyProgressive Architecture, New York – vol.63 n. 10 (Ott), pp. 100-104• “Charles Correa: Inspirations Indiennes”Techniques & Architecture, Paris, n. 361 (aug. – sett. 1985), pp. 106-117;• http://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-tara-grouphousing-delhi-1975-1978/

• magazines• - H.Smith 'Report from India: Current Work of Correa',

Architectural Record, New York, July 1980, pp.88-89 • - 'Contemporary Asian Architecture', Process Architecture

- 20, Tokyo, November, 1980,pp.94-118• Books

• - Hassan-Huddin, Khan. (1987). "Architect Charles Correa in India", Mimar book, Butterworth architecture.

• - Balwant Singh Saini, Angus and Robertson "Building environment", Sydney, 1973, p.97

• - Sir Banister Fletcher's "A History of Architecture", 19th Edition, Butterworth, London, 1987, p.1494

• Web• - http://www.charlescorrea.net/ • - http://www.archnet.org/

“

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ARCHITECTURE IS NOT A QUEUE IN WHICH WE ALL HAVE TO LINE UP, WITH PERHAPS THE AMERICANS AHEAD, OR THE CHINESE BEHIND. NO, EACH OF US HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE ON THE CUTTING EDGE OF WHERE WE LIVE. NO ONE ELSE CAN DO THAT. IT’S UP TO US TO UNDERSTAND THAT

OPPORTUNITY.

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Thank you