Characterization of kenaf/PLA composites

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Characterization of Characterization of kenaf/PLA kenaf/PLA compositescomposites

ECO-PCCMECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006 2006

PROJECTPROJECTEco-Houses Based on Eco-Friendly Polymer Eco-Houses Based on Eco-Friendly Polymer

Composite Construction Materials - ECO-PCCMComposite Construction Materials - ECO-PCCM

11 OKTOMVRI

EUROKOMPOZIT

ISO 9001:2000

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CompositionComposition PcPcss

Size, mmSize, mm Thickness, Thickness, mmmm

SpecifiSpecific c

weightweight,,

kg/mkg/m33

1 - ISOLKENAF1 - ISOLKENAF: : kenaf / PLA kenaf / PLA

44 400 x 600400 x 600 60 60 4040

2 - ISOLKENAF2 - ISOLKENAF: : kenaf / PLA kenaf / PLA 44 400 x 600400 x 600 50 50 4040

3 - ISOLKENAF3 - ISOLKENAF: : kenaf / kenaf / PLAPLA

44 400 x 600400 x 600 40 40 6060





8 - ISOLKENAF8 - ISOLKENAF: : kenaf / kenaf / PLAPLA

22 400 x 600400 x 600 10 10 6060

9 - ISOLKENAF9 - ISOLKENAF: : 60% kenaf / 60% kenaf / 40% PLA40% PLA

44 400 x 600400 x 600 2020 6060

ECO-PCCMECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006 Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006

DELIVERED KENAF/PLA PREFORMS BY K.E.F.I

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Hot plate Hot plate

Press piston Press piston

Press platen Press platen

Polster Polster

Release foil Release foil

The panels were fabricated by thermo compression in a closed mold.

Mold Mold

MANUFACTURING OF KENAF/PLA COMPOSITES

Closed mold and application of spacers Kenaf layers Kenaf layers


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PLA squeezed out

The application of the same press cycle (open mold and high pressure) as the one for kenaf/PP composites was impossible because PLA was squeezed out of the fibers.

Open mold panel


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To solve the problem of the PLA squeeze out, a To solve the problem of the PLA squeeze out, a closed mold and 9.0 mm thick spacers were closed mold and 9.0 mm thick spacers were applied to prevent full closure of the mold and applied to prevent full closure of the mold and migration of PLA to the boundaries of the migration of PLA to the boundaries of the composite panel.composite panel.

All manufactured composites of kenaf/PLA All manufactured composites of kenaf/PLA were 120x120x~9.0 mmwere 120x120x~9.0 mm

kenaf/PLA layers

spacers

Mold in open position

Mold in closed position

kenaf/PLA composite


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The samples of the kenaf fibers preforms are prepared of 2 layers kenaf / PLA and 4 layers kenaf / PLA in dependance of the thickness on the start preforms kenaf / PLA

The final composites were approximately 9 mm thick. The size of the composite The final composites were approximately 9 mm thick. The size of the composite plates is chosen for best utilization of the material because the test specimen plates is chosen for best utilization of the material because the test specimen have to be 120 mm long. Specimen dimensions were according to the have to be 120 mm long. Specimen dimensions were according to the respective standards.respective standards.

Of all available kenaf preforms we prepared final composites.

Set:Set: 2 layers kenaf / PLA 2 layers kenaf / PLA Set:Set: 4 layers kenaf / PLA 4 layers kenaf / PLA


Press Cycle:Press Cycle:T=175T=175OOCCPm = until Pm = until

closing on the closing on the spacersspacers

t = 20 mint = 20 min


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PropertyProperty

Test Test MethodMethod

ComposiComposite: te:

kenaf/PLkenaf/PLAA

(d=60 (d=60 mm; mm; =40 =40

kg/mkg/m33))

ComposiComposite: te:

kenaf/PLkenaf/PLAA

(d=50 (d=50 mm; mm; =40 =40

kg/mkg/m33))

CompositComposite: e:

kenaf/PLkenaf/PLAA

(d=40 mm; (d=40 mm; =60 =60 kg/mkg/m33))

Areal weight, kg/m Areal weight, kg/m 22 JUS JUS G.S2.51G.S2.51

6,86,8 4,54,5 6,16,1

Water absorption, %Water absorption, % ISO/DP ISO/DP 96749674

64,664,6 180,0180,0 85,185,1

Fire resistanceFire resistance UL 94UL 94 burnsburns burnsburns burnsburns

Flexural strength, MPaFlexural strength, MPa DIN DIN 5345753457

11,811,8 1,761,76 10,010,0

Flexural modulus, GPaFlexural modulus, GPa DIN DIN 5345753457

1,11,1 0,080,08 0,60,6

Impact strength, an 9, Impact strength, an 9, kJ/m kJ/m 22

DIN DIN 5345353453

53,853,8 9,59,5 60,060,0

Impact strength, an10, Impact strength, an10, kJ/m kJ/m 22

DIN DIN 5345353453

93,793,7 12,112,1 84,084,0

Compression strength, Compression strength, MPaMPa

DIN DIN 5345453454

3,63,6 0,870,87 3,53,5

Testing of kenaf / PLA compositesTesting of kenaf / PLA composites


Physical and mechanical characteristics of kenaf/PLA composites – average value

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Composite Composite kenaf/PLA:kenaf/PLA:

d=50mm; d=50mm; =40kg/m=40kg/m33


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PropertyProperty



kenaf/PLkenaf/PLAA

(d=40 (d=40 mm; mm; =80 =80

kg/mkg/m33))


kenaf/PLAkenaf/PLA(d=40 mm; (d=40 mm;

=40 =40 kg/mkg/m33))


kenaf/PLkenaf/PLAA

(d=30 (d=30 mm; mm; =40 =40

kg/mkg/m33))

Areal weight, kg/m Areal weight, kg/m 22 JUS JUS G.S2.51G.S2.51

5,85,8 3,83,8 3,43,4


80,180,1 147,6147,6 94,594,5


Flexural strength, MPaFlexural strength, MPa DIN DIN 5345753457

9,89,8 2,32,3 5,85,8

Flexural modulus, GPaFlexural modulus, GPa DIN DIN 5345753457

0,70,7 1,51,5 0,30,3


DIN DIN 5345353453

100,0100,0 9,79,7 6,86,8

Impact strength, an10, Impact strength, an10, kJ/m kJ/m 22

DIN DIN 5345353453

47,047,0 15,815,8 14,514,5

Compression strength, Compression strength, MPaMPa

DIN DIN 5345453454

4,64,6 0,70,7 1,271,27




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Composite kenaf/PLA: d=40mm; Composite kenaf/PLA: d=40mm; =40kg/m=40kg/m33

The composite samples after testingThe composite samples after testing


d=10mm; d=10mm; =60kg/m=60kg/m33

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PropertyProperty



kenaf/PLkenaf/PLAA

(d=30 (d=30 mm; mm; =80 =80

kg/mkg/m33))


kenaf/PLkenaf/PLAA

(d=10 mm; (d=10 mm; =60 =60 kg/mkg/m33))

Composite: Composite: 60%kenaf/40%60%kenaf/40%

PLAPLA(d=20 mm; (d=20 mm;

=60 kg/m=60 kg/m33))

Area weight, kg/m Area weight, kg/m 22 JUS JUS G.S2.5G.S2.5

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6,76,7 3,1 3,1

0,650,65


72,272,2 121,4121,4 51,551,5


Flexural strength, Flexural strength, MPaMPa

DIN DIN 5345753457

16,216,2 2,92,9 21,721,7

Flexural modulus, Flexural modulus, GPaGPa

DIN DIN 5345753457

1,61,6 0,20,2 1,221,22


DIN DIN 5345353453

3737 19,319,3 43,243,2

Impact strength, Impact strength, an10, kJ/m an10, kJ/m 22

DIN DIN 5345353453

5252 12,712,7 60,360,3

Compression Compression strength, MPastrength, MPa

DIN DIN 5345453454

6,26,2 1,311,31 6,56,5




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Composite Composite 60%kenaf/40%PL60%kenaf/40%PLA:A:

d=20mm; d=20mm; =60kg/m=60kg/m33

The composite samples after testingThe composite samples after testing


d=30mm; d=30mm; =80kg/m=80kg/m33


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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

MPa

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Flexural strength

Compression strength

FLEXURAL AND COMPRESSION STRENGTH FOR ALL COMPOSITES

11 – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 22 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=50mm; (d=50mm; =40kg/m3)=40kg/m3); ; 33 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; =60kg/m3); =60kg/m3); 44 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; (d=40mm; =80kg/m3);=80kg/m3);55 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 66 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; (d=30mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 77 – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; =80kg/m3); =80kg/m3); 88 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=10mm; (d=10mm; =60kg/m3);=60kg/m3);99 – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA (d=20mm; (d=20mm; =60kg/m3)=60kg/m3); ;


14

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

GPa

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FLEXURAL MODULUS FOR ALL COMPOSITES

1 – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; r=40kg/m3); 2 – Kenaf / PLA (d=50mm; r=40kg/m3); 3 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=60kg/m3); 4 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=80kg/m3);5 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; =40kg/m3); 6 – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; =40kg/m3); 7 – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; =80kg/m3); 8 – Kenaf / PLA (d=10mm; =60kg/m3);9 – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA (d=20mm; =60kg/m3);

11 – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 22 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=50mm; (d=50mm; =40kg/m3)=40kg/m3); ; 33 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; =60kg/m3); =60kg/m3); 44 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; (d=40mm; =80kg/m3);=80kg/m3);55 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 66 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; (d=30mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 77 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; (d=30mm; =80kg/m3)=80kg/m3); ; 88 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=10mm; (d=10mm; =60kg/m3);=60kg/m3);99 – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA (d=20mm; (d=20mm; =60kg/m3)=60kg/m3); ;


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Impact strength, an 9

Impact strength, an 15

11 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; (d=60mm; =40kg/m3)=40kg/m3); ; 22 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=50mm; (d=50mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 33 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; (d=40mm; =60kg/m3)=60kg/m3); ; 44 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; (d=40mm; =80kg/m3)=80kg/m3);;55 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 66 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; (d=30mm; =40kg/m3); =40kg/m3); 77 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; (d=30mm; =80kg/m3)=80kg/m3); ; 88 – Kenaf / PLA – Kenaf / PLA (d=10mm; (d=10mm; =60kg/m3);=60kg/m3);99 – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA (d=20mm; (d=20mm; =60kg/m3)=60kg/m3); ;

IMPACT STRENGTH FOR ALL COMPOSITES


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Impact strength Impact strength ““an 15an 15””

Impact strength Impact strength ““an 9an 9””

15 mm

9 mm


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Characterization of kenaf/PLA composites

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