CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE. Composition of Atmosphere Made up mostly of Nitrogen (N) Oxygen...
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Transcript of CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE. Composition of Atmosphere Made up mostly of Nitrogen (N) Oxygen...
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
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Composition of Atmosphere Made up mostly
of Nitrogen (N) Oxygen makes up
a little more than 20%
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Atmospheric Pressure
Gravity pulls molecules towards Earth
Creates air pressure
Atmosphere is held by gravity
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases
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Atmospheric
Temperature As altitude
increases, temperature decreases
Lower part of atmosphere is warmer
Contains high percentage of gases that absorb solar energy
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Layers of the Atmosphere Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
The layer in which we live
Lies next to Earth’s surface
Home of the Ozone layer
Middle layer Coldest layer
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Layers of the Atmosphere cont’d Thermosphere
Ionosphere
Edge of the Atmosphere
Uppermost layer
Home of the Auroras Upper Mesosphere
and Lower Thermosphere
Nitrogen and Oxygen absorb harmful solar energy
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GLOBAL WINDS AND LOCAL WINDS
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Why Air Moves Equator and Poles Cold air sinks
Creates a high pressure around the poles
Cold air then flows toward the equator
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Pressure Belts
Coriolis Effect
Every 30° latitude Bands of high and
low pressure
Curving of path of currents due to Earth’s rotation
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Global Winds Polar Easterlies
Westerlies
Wind belts that extend from the poles to 60° latitude
Wind belts found between 30° and 60° latitude
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Trade Winds
Doldrums
Winds that blow from 30° to almost the equator
Where trade winds meet around the equator
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Horse Latitudes
Jet Streams
At about 30° North and 30° South
Sinking air creates an area of high pressure
Narrow belts of high-speed winds
Blow in the upper Troposphere and lower Stratosphere
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Local Winds
Mountain and Valley Breezes
Sea and Land Breezes
Generally move short distances
Can blow from any direction
Caused by an area’s geography
Affected by temperature
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Sea Breeze
Land Breeze
wind that blows from an ocean or lake to land
land warms faster than water
happens during day
winds that blow from land to a body of water
land cools faster than water
happens at night
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AIR POLLUTION
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Primary Pollutants
Secondary Pollutants
Pollutants put directly into the air by human or natural activity
When primary pollutants react with other primary pollutants or natural substances (water vapor)
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Industrial Air Pollution
Indoor Air Pollution
Burning of fossil fuels
Ex: Power plants
Sometimes can be more polluted than outside air
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Ozone Ozone Hole Layer is thinning
over the Arctic and Antarctic regions
Allows more UV radiation to reach Earth’s surface
CFCs cause Ozone depletion
CFCs remain active for 60-120 years
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Human Effects from Air Pollution Short-term effects
Long-term effects
Coughing Sneezing Headaches Eye irritation
Lung cancer
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Clean Air Act
EPA
Requires many industries to use pollution-control devices
Sets air quality standards-