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Transcript of Characteristics of Life - streetsboroschools.com · Hypothesis Input from various sources is used...
Fig. 1.12-1
Observation
New observations
are made, and previous
data are studied.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
• Always comes first!!! • Based on senses
Fig. 1.12-2
Observation
New observations
are made, and previous
data are studied.
Hypothesis
An educated guess
that can be tested.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
A Prediction
Using your senses
Fig. 1.12-3 Observation
New observations
are made, and previous
data are studied.
Hypothesis
Input from various sources
is used to formulate a
testable statement.
Experiment/Observations
The hypothesis is
tested by experiment
or further observations.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Courtesy Leica Microsystems Inc.
Observation
New observations
are made, and previous
data are studied.
Hypothesis
Input from various sources
is used to formulate a
testable statement.
Analysis/Conclusion
The results are analyzed,
and the hypothesis is
supported or rejected.
Experiment/Observations
The hypothesis is
tested by experiment
or further observations.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Courtesy Leica Microsystems Inc.
Fig. 1.12-4
Repeat! Repeat! Repeat!
Observation
New observations
are made, and previous
data are studied.
Hypothesis
Input from various sources
is used to formulate a
testable statement.
Conclusion
The results are analyzed,
and the hypothesis is
supported or rejected.
Scientific Theory
Many experiments and
observations support a
theory.
Experiment/Observations
The hypothesis is
tested by experiment
or further observations.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Courtesy Leica Microsystems Inc.
Fig. 1.12-5
Observation
New observations
are made, and previous
data are studied.
Hypothesis
Input from various sources
is used to formulate a
testable statement.
Conclusion
The results are analyzed,
and the hypothesis is
supported or rejected.
Scientific Theory
Many experiments and
observations support a
theory.
Experiment/Observations
The hypothesis is
tested by experiment
or further observations.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Courtesy Leica Microsystems Inc.
Fig. 1.12
Report your
findings!
Variables
Manipulated Variable
(Independent Variable)
Factor of the experiment
being tested
Responding Variable
(Dependent Variable)
Result or change that occurs
due to the experimental variable
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
WHAT YOU ARE
PHYSICALLY
MANIPULATING OR
CHANGING
WHAT YOU ARE MEASURING AT
THE END OF THE EXPERIMENT
(not necessarily quantitative)
Groups
Control Group Experimental Group
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
The way it normally
happens
Group being tested/ group
with the manipulated
variable
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
= Pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation
15
20
10
5
0 year 1 year 2 year 3
= no fertilization treatment
= 45 kg of nitrogen/ha
Control Pots
Test Pots
= 90 kg of nitrogen/ha
Wh
ea
t B
iom
as
s (
gra
ms
/po
t)
b. Results
a. Control pots and test pots
of three types
Test pots
90 kg of nitrogen/ha
Test pots
Pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation
Control pots
no fertilization treatment
Test pots
45 kg of nitrogen/ha
(All): Courtesy Jim Bidlack
Fig. 1.14
Page 19
Experiments and/or
observations
Scientific Method Example
Hypothesis
Conclusion
Observations
c.
b.
d.
a.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
(Bacteria): © Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake; (Paramecium): © M. Abbey/Visuals Unlimited; (Morel): © Royalty-Free Corbis;
(Sunflower): © Photodisc Green/Getty Images; (Snow goose): © Charles Bush Photography
Bacteria Paramecium
Morel Sunflower Snow goose
Made of cells
Unicellular Multicellular
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Biosphere
Regions of the Earth’s crust,
waters, and atmosphere
inhabited by living things
Ecosystem
A community plus
the physical environment
Community
Interacting populations in a
particular area
Population
Organisms of the same
species in a particular area
Organism
An individual; complex
individuals contain organ systems
Organ System
Composed of several organs
working together
Organ
Composed of tissues functioning
together for a specific task
Tissue
A group of cells with a common
structure and function
Cell
The structural and functional
unit of all living things
Molecule
Union of two or more atoms of
the same or different elements
Atom
Smallest unit of an element
composed of electrons, protons,
and neutrons
Display Organization
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
© Francisco Erize/Bruce Coleman, Inc.
Reproduce
b.
a.
c. f.
e.
d.
food
a: © Niebrugge Images; b: © Photodisc Blue/Getty Images; c: © Charles Bush
Photography; d: © Michael Abby/Visuals Unlimited;
e: © Pat Pendarvis; f: National Park Service Photo
Acquire/Require Energy Fig. 1.3
Maintain Homeostasis
• Keeping internal conditions constant (in balance)
– Temperature
– Moisture level
– Acidity
– Sugar level
– Other physiological factors
Metabolism- All chemical reactions that happen in the body.
Respond to Stimuli
• Reactions to internal and external stimuli are responses.
• INDIVIDUALS RESPOND
The cheetah responds to a need for food and the gazelle responds to danger by running away.