Characteristics & Issues for Compact Fluorescent Lamps (AS/NZS EL041 Meeting) Neville R. Watson,...
88
Characteristics & Issues for Compact Fluorescent Lamps (AS/NZS EL041 Meeting) Neville R. Watson, University of Canterbury 12 March 2008
-
Upload
mandy-stewman -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Characteristics & Issues for Compact Fluorescent Lamps (AS/NZS EL041 Meeting) Neville R. Watson,...
Characteristics & Issues for Compact Fluorescent Lamps
(AS/NZS EL041 Meeting)Neville R. Watson,
University of Canterbury
12 March 2008
Outline
1. Background
2. Types of CFLs
3. Direct Harmonic Penetration Study
4. Detailed Transient Simulations
5. Other Studies
6. Standards
7. Conclusions
Missing Components
Fuse on Input
Filter Capacitors missing
Same brand September 2007
No Fuse
No place for Filter Capacitors
Does have PTC
PTC missing
3rd Pro. Project 2008
PC with Data Acquisition Card
SwitchingBox
Power-factor
0 1
1 1 1 11
1
Active powerPower-Factor
Total Apparent Power
1 cos( ).
cos( )cos( )
Distortion-Factor×DPF
NT
n n nn
RMS RMS RMS RMS
RMS RMS
V Iv idtTV I V I
V I I
V I I
Types of CFL Ballasts
Types of CFL
No Power-Factor Control
Passive Power-Factor Control
Valley-Filling (or equivalent)
Active Power-Factor Control
Eclipse 20W CFL
Eclipse CFL Schematic
OSRAM DuluxStar 20W (2007)
CB
C
BE
E
T1
T2
+ve
-ve
OSRAMDULUXSTAR 20W
2007
D1
D2
D3
D4
D7C1
C2
L1
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5L2
L3
L4
L5
C3
C4PTC
E-Lite CFL (July 2007)
CB
C
BE
E
T1
T2
+ve
-ve
Elite
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5 D6
D7
D8
D9
C1
C2
Fuse
C3
L1
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5L2
L3
L4
L5
C4
C5
C6
Eco-Bulb (2007)
CB
PTCC
BE
E
T1
T2
+ve
-ve
A
D1
D2
D3
D4D5
D7
D8
D6
Ecobulb 20W Schematic
10uF
R2
C9
C8
C1
J1
J2
C2
C5
C7
R1
R3
R4
RJ1
RJ2
C6
Red
Not fitted
Not fitted
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]D
D
D
D
Is_1 25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_1
Is_1
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_2
18
0.0
[uF
]1
80
.0 [u
F]
D
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_2
Is_2
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_3
18
0.0
[uF
]1
80
.0 [u
F]
D
D
220[ohm]
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_3
Is_3
90
.0 [u
F]
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_oVF
18
0.0
[uF
]1
80
.0 [u
F]
D
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_oVF
Is_oVF
D
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_4
18
0.0
[uF
]
18
0.0
[uF
]
D
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_4
Is_4
D
220[ohm]
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_5
36
0.0
[uF
]
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_5
Is_5
0.001 [H]
2
D
Idc_p
A
B Compar-ator0.4
Level
Trig_IGBT
Trig_IGBT1Trig1
Trig1
Idc_p
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_6
36
0.0
[uF
]
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_6
Is_6
0.001 [H]
2
D
Idc_p2
Trig_IGBT
1.0
[uF
]
0.005 [H]15 [ohm]
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D2
50
[oh
m]
Is_7
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_9
18
0.0
[uF
]1
80
.0 [u
F]
D
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_9
Is_9
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_10
18
0.0
[uF
]1
80
.0 [u
F]
D
D
220[ohm]
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_10
Is_10
90
.0 [u
F]
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
18
0.0
[uF
]1
80
.0 [u
F]
D
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Is_8
D
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
18
0.0
[uF
]
18
0.0
[uF
]
D
D
25
0 [o
hm
]
Vs_11
Is_11
D
220[ohm]
Is_7
Vs_7
1.0
[uF
]
0.005 [H]15 [ohm]
Vs_8
1.0
[uF
]
0.005 [H]15 [ohm]Is_8
1.0
[uF
]
0.005 [H]15 [ohm]
1.0
[uF
]
0.005 [H]15 [ohm]
Is_11
1.0
[uF
]
0.005 [H]15 [ohm]
P = 81.57
VA
P = 62.23
VA
P = 57.07
VA
0.0
00
1 [o
hm
]
D
D
D
D
2.0
[uF
]2
.0 [u
F]
Is_12
18
0.0
[uF
]
18
0.0
[uF
]
D
D
25
0 [o
hm
]Vs_12
Is_12
D
0.0001[ohm]
330 [ohm]
P = 57.3
VA
P = 2971
VA
P = 60.8
VA
P = 64.02
VA
Main : Graphs
0.910 0.920 0.930 0.940 0.950 0.960 0.970 0.980 0.990 1.000 ... ... ...
-4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
y (A
)
Is simple Is7 Is7
-2.00 -1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
y (A
)
Is original VF Is8
-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
y (A
)
Is VF V_doubler Is9
-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80
y (A
)
Is improved VF V_doubler Is_10
-1.00
1.00
y (A
)
Is4 VF V_doubler Is_11
-2.00 -1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
y (A
)
Is12
-80 -60 -40 -20
0 20 40 60 80
y (A
)
Is5
-10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5
10.0
y (A
)
Is6
0 10 20 30 40 500
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Order
% F
un
dam
enta
l
SimpleOrig VFImproved VFActiveTable 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
Time (s)
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
v
t
iMeasured
(Osram)
iMeasured
(Philips)
Bad BrandPSCAD/EMTDC Simple
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Time (s)
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
iMeasured
vt
Orig VF +RFI
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Harmonic Oder
I h (
%)
PSCAD/EMTDC SimpleOsramPhilipsBad Brand
What is possible for a CFL
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
Time (s)
CFL for North American Market
What is possible for a CFL
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
50
100
150
200
250C
urr
ent
(mA
)
Harmonic order
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
Time (s)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Time (s)
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Time (s)
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Time (s)
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
Active Power-Factor Control
Basic, no filtering
Basic, with filtering Valley-fill or Equivalent
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
50
100
150
200
250
Cu
rre
nt
(mA
)
Harmonic order0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Harmonic Oder
RM
S C
urr
ent
(mA
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Harmonic Oder
RM
S C
urr
ent
(mA
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Harmonic Oder
RM
S C
urr
ent
(mA
)
Active Power-Factor Control
Basic, no filtering
Basic, with filtering Valley-fill or Equivalent
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 24020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Voltage (Volts)
TH
DI (
% f
un
dam
enta
l)
Notice: form bands based on circuit type
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 2400.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Voltage (Volts)
DP
F
Analysis Methods
Frequency Domain Time Domain
Advantages- Can handle large systems- Models frequency dependency very well
Disadvantages- Harmonic Currents specified (No interaction between non-linear device and AC System, No interaction between non-linear devices).
Advantages- Can model accurately interactions (i.e. non-linear load <-> ac system non-linear load <-> non-linear load)
Disadvantages- Can only model a very small system in this detail- Does not represent frequency dependence of components well
Frequency Domain Analysis
Direct Harmonic Penetration Study
CFL Characteristics
CFL Characteristics
Test System
AC System
…..x15
…..x8
…..x4
…..x15
…..x15
…..x4
…..x15
…..x6
Islington 220kV
Islington 33kV
Sockburn 33kV
100 MVA
10 MVA
300 kVA
X=4%
X=8%
X=10%
…..x10
…..x10
Sockburn 11kV
ZoneSubstation
33kV Feeder
11kV Feeder
LV Feeder
HouseLoad
ServiceMains
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
28,800 (15 4 10 8 6) customers modelled
Breakdown of Losses into Branches
Branch No.
Description
9 House Loads
8 Service Mains
7 LV Feeders
6 300 kVA Transformers
5 11 kV Feeders
4 33/11 kV Transformers
3 33 kV Feeders
2 33/220 kV Transformers
1 220kV System
Breakdown of Harmonic Losses into Frequencies
Loss_h Loss_50 Loss_Total P_Load P_Diff 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
x 104
Quantity
Dif
fere
nce
in A
ctiv
e P
ow
er (
kW)
P(incandescent)-P(CFL) for Underground System
GoodAveragePoorAS/NZS 61000-3-2
This is like comparing apples and oranges
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 2405
10
15
20
Voltage (Volts)
P (
Wat
ts)
Loss_50 Loss_h Loss_Total0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Act
ive
Po
wer
(kW
)Power Loss in Underground System
Good
Average
Poor
AS/NZS 61000-3-2
Loss_50 Loss_h Loss_Total0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Act
ive
Po
wer
(kW
)Power Loss in Overhead System
GoodAveragePoorAS/NZS 61000-3-2
Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion
502
2
1
100%i
iV
V
THDV
21st Harmonic (1050 Hz) Distortion Level
Detailed Transient Simulations
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
CFL 0 (domestic supply)CFL 0 (sinewave)SineWave
Effect of voltage distortion on current waveform
Harmonics
Very peaky current waveform rich in harmonics
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time (sec.)
Cur
rent
(m
A)
Philips B1Philips B2Eco Bulb1 HPFEco Bulb2 HPF
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cur
rent
(m
A)
Harmonic order
Philips B1Philips B2Eco Bulb1 HPFEco Bulb2 HPF
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Order
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
CFL 0 (domestic supply)CFL 0 (sinewave)61000-3-2 limit
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 060
150
240
3300
1
2
3
4
5
Angle of Vh
Ecobulb
Level of Vh
Mag
nit
ud
e o
f C
urr
ent
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 060
150
240
3300
5
10
15
20
25
Angle of Vh
Osram
Level of Vh
Mag
nit
ud
e o
f C
urr
ent
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 060
150
240
3300
10
20
30
40
Angle of Vh
Elite
Level of Vh
Mag
nit
ud
e o
f C
urr
ent
21st Harmonic Current
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Real Part
Imag
inar
y P
art
Elite
03060
90
120
150180210
240
270
300
330
030
60
90
120
150
180 210
240
270
300
330
030
60
90
120
150
180 210
240
270
300
330
00.20.40.6
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Real Part
Imag
inar
y P
art
Osram
0 3060
90
120
150180210
240
270
300
330
0
3060
90
120
150
180210
240
270
300
330
0
3060
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
00.20.40.6
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
Real Part
Imag
inar
y P
art
Ecobulb
0
306090
120
150
180
210240 270
300
330
0
30
6090120
150
180
210
240 270300
330
0
30
6090
120
150
180
210
240 270
300
330
00.20.40.6
21st Harmonic Current
4. Detailed Transient Simulations
Load Point 1 Load Point 2
CFL 0 CFL 1 CFL 2
Fixed Injection Model
Load Point 1 Load Point 2
CFL 0 CFL 1 CFL 2
PSCAD/EMTDC Study
SCR Loading
0.1500 + j0.0750 pu 0.3000 + j0.1500 pu 0.4500 + j0.2250 pu
SystemStrength
R=0.0075L=8.0214e-5
Run 1Load Point 1 =
5398.7378
Run 5Load Point 1 =
2699.3689
Run 9Load Point 1 =
1799.579
R=0.075L=8.0214e-4
Run 2Load Point 1 =
539.8738
Run 6Load Point 1 =
269.9369
Run 10Load Point 1 =
179.9579
R=0.75L=8.0214e-3
Run 3Load Point 1 =
53.9874
Run 7Load Point 1 =
26.9937
Run 11Load Point 1 =
17.9958
R=7.5L=8.0214e-3
Run 4Load Point 1 =
5.3987
Run 8Load Point 1 = 2.6994
Run 12Load Point 1 =
1.7996
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5P
sn 0
(A
) CFL Current (Run 1)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Psn
1 (
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Time (s)
Psn
2 (
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5P
sn 0
(A
) CFL Current (Run 1)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Psn
1 (
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Time (s)
Psn
2 (
A)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Harmonic Order
Mag
nit
ud
e (A
) CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 1)
Psn 0Psn 1Psn 2
0 20 40 60 80 100-200
-100
0
100
200
Harmonic Order
Ph
ase
An
gle
(D
egre
es)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Harmonic Order
Mag
nit
ud
e (A
) CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 1)
Psn 0Psn 1Psn 2
0 20 40 60 80 100-200
-100
0
100
200
Harmonic Order
Ph
ase
An
gle
(D
egre
es)
Note magnification of injection for CFLs along feeder
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.05
Harmonic Order
Mag
n. [
Psn
0]
(A) CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 1)
Detailed ModelFixed Injection
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.05
Harmonic Order
Mag
n. [
Psn
1]
(A)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.05
Harmonic Order
Mag
n. [
Psn
2]
(A)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.05
Harmonic Order
Mag
n. [
Psn
0]
(V) Harmonic Voltages (Run 1)
Detailed ModelFixed Injection
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.05
Harmonic Order
Mag
n. [
Psn
1]
(V)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.05
0.1
Harmonic Order
Mag
n. [
Psn
2]
(V)
Magnification of Voltage along feeder
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5P
sn 0
(A
) CFL Current (Run 2)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Psn
1 (
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Time (s)
Psn
2 (
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5P
sn 0
(A
) CFL Current (Run 2)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Psn
1 (
A)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
Time (s)
Psn
2 (
A) Weaker system so oscillations
at lower frequency
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Harmonic Order
Mag
nit
ud
e (A
) CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 2)
Psn 0Psn 1Psn 2
0 20 40 60 80 100-200
-100
0
100
200
Harmonic Order
Ph
ase
An
gle
(D
egre
es)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Harmonic Order
Mag
nit
ud
e (A
) CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 2)
Psn 0Psn 1Psn 2
0 20 40 60 80 100-200
-100
0
100
200
Harmonic Order
Ph
ase
An
gle
(D
egre
es)
Measurements made on a Domestic Supply
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
CFL 0 (domestic supply)CFL 0 (sinewave)SineWaveCFL 1 (domestic supply)
Oscillations
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5C
FL
Cu
rren
t (A
)CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 3)
Detailed ModelFixed Injection
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
-0.5
0
0.5
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
Time (S)
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5C
FL
Cu
rren
t (A
)CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 3)
Detailed ModelFixed Injection
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
-0.5
0
0.5
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
Time (S)
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5C
FL
Cu
rren
t (A
)CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 4)
Detailed ModelFixed Injection
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
Time (S)
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-0.5
0
0.5C
FL
Cu
rren
t (A
)CFL Harmonic Currents (Run 5)
Detailed ModelFixed Injection
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04-1
0
1
CF
L C
urr
ent
(A)
Time (S)
11.5
22.5
3
1
2
3
40
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
System Loading
CFL Current (h=5)
System Strength
Mag
nit
ud
e (A
)
Increasing
Decreasing
For each harmonic there is a system strength and loading where a
maxima occurs
11.5
22.5
3
1
2
3
4-200
-100
0
100
200
System Loading
CFL Current (h=5)
System Strength
Ph
ase
An
gle
(A
)
Increasing
Decreasing
11.5
22.5
3
1
2
3
40
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
System Loading
CFL Current (h=7)
System Strength
Mag
nit
ud
e (A
)
Increasing
Decreasing
For each harmonic there is a system strength and loading where a
maxima occurs
11.5
22.5
3
1
2
3
40
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
System Loading
THD (Voltage) Psn 2
System Strength
Mag
nit
ud
e (%
)
11.5
22.5
3
1
2
3
40
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
System Loading
THD (Voltage) Psn 2
System Strength
Mag
nit
ud
e (%
)
Increasing
Decreasing
Other Studies
5. Other studies
Study 1: D.J. Pileggi, T.J. Gentile, A.E. Emanual,… et al, “The Effect of Modern Compact Fluorescent Lights On Voltage Distortion”, IEEE Trans. Of Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp 2038-1042
Study 2: F.V. Topalis, “Efficiency Of Energy Saving Lamps And Harmonic Distortion In Distribution Systems”, IEEE Trans. of Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp 2038-1042
Study 3: T.-M. Zhou, X.-Y. Zhu, Y.-L. He, W. Cheng and J. Schlejen, “Preliminary Investigation to the Effect of Harmonic Distortion by CFL on Quality of Electric Power Systems”, (Published?)
Study 4: N. Gothelf, Power Quality Effects of CFLs– A Field Study, RIGHT LIGHT 4, 1997 VOLUME 2, pp. 77-81
Study 1
“Electronically ballasted fluorescent lights with highly distorted current may jeopardize the reliability of the distribution system and the “quality” of the electric power delivered.”
D.J. Pileggi, T.J. Gentile, A.E. Emanual,… et al, “The Effect of Modern Compact Fluorescent Lights On Voltage Distortion”, IEEE Trans. Of Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp 2038-1042
Study 2
“These conclusions permit the formulation of the opinion that the extensive future use of the energy efficient lamps must be associated with simple and low cost filtering and power factor correction techniques”
F.V. Topalis, “Efficiency Of Energy Saving Lamps And Harmonic Distortion In Distribution Systems”, IEEE Trans. of Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp 2038-1042
Study 3
T.-M. Zhou, X.-Y. Zhu, Y.-L. He, W. Cheng and J. Schlejen, “Preliminary Investigation to the Effect of Harmonic Distortion by CFL on Quality of Electric Power Systems”
Four Cases:
Single Lamp
Home
Lab retrofit
Field Experiment
Study 3
“Our experiments show that for CFL THD according to the new IEC 1000 proposal, in extremely high home applications (5 CFLs per home), the contribution to the V-THD is negligible, compared to TV and much less than computer.”
Home Experiment
?
?
THDI
PC 120% (NZ 66.6%)
CFL 101-103% (NZ 120%)
TV 90% (NZ 120%)
Lab. Retrofit Test
V-THD variation 1.5-2%.
Experiment repeated 8 times
Study 4
The test was divided in two phases:
Phase 1: Measurements in a one-family house. The measurements were taken first without CFLs and then after installing five CFLs.
Phase 2: Measurements in a residential district. The measurements were taken in a residential district consisting of 17 houses at existing load and then after installing of three and six CFLs respectively in each house.
Study 4
“The study shows that replacement of incandescent lamps with CFLs is beneficial both for users and for utilities. The main advantages of CFLs are:- reduced energy consumption- long lifetime- released capacity of the distribution system
High harmonic distortion is the main reason that utilities hesitate to advocate increased use of CFLs. They focus mainly on the high relative current distortion. It is true that for CFLs, the relative current distortion expressed in percent of the fundamental may exceed 100%. However, since fundamental current is very low …, the values of harmonic currents are very low too.
Study 4
“The results indicate, that the harmonic generated by the CFLs in residential districts have only a minor effect on power quality of the supply network.”
N. Gothelf, Power Quality Effects of CFLs– A Field Study, RIGHT LIGHT 4, 1997 VOLUME 2, pp. 77-81
This current waveform is significantly better than most we see in sold in New Zealand
Some of the Brands Tested
Basix
Canopower
Connection
Dura Lamp
Eclipse
Ecobulb
Elite
Everyhome
GE
Kempthorne
LuxTec
Marexim
Mirabella
Nelson Lamps
No Frills
Osram
Panasonic
Philips
Results
Signature Range
SmartLamp
Toshiba
Wotan
Other Appliances
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Time (seconds)
Cu
rren
t (A
mp
s)Current drawn by Electronic Equipment
PCScannerTVVCRDVDStereoCFL 1CFL 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031320
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100Current Harmonics from Electronic Equipment
Harmonic Order
Cu
rren
t (%
Fu
nd
amen
tal)
PCScannerTVVCRDVDStereoCFL 1CFL 2
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Time (seconds)
Cu
rren
t (A
mp
s)
Current drawn by Household Appliances
Microwave OvenWashing Machine PumpingWashing Machine3
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time (seconds)
Cu
rren
t (A
mp
s)
Washing Machine
Standard washing
1.9 Amps THDI = 132%
Spinning and Pumping
7.9 Amps THDI = 34%
Appliances Tested
TV
VCR
DVD
Stereo
Clock/radio
Home entertainment systems
PCs
Monitors
Printers
Scanners
Microwave ovens
Mills
Halogen lights
Fluorescent Lamps
Fridge/freezers
Freezers
Washing machines
Dryers
Plug packs
Heat-pump tests 2008
6. Conclusions
The wide-spread use of CFLs can be expected to reduce power quality.
The weaker networks exhibit less correlation in the harmonic current injection than stronger networks.
Resonances between CFL and ac network magnifies some frequency components (even for a relatively strong ac network)
Acknowledgements
Tas Scott & Stephen Hirsch, Orion N.Z. Ltd
Vinod Kumar, Whisper Tech Limited
Joseph Lawrence, EPE Centre Manager
Lance Frater
Ken Smart
Geoff Neville, Enermet N.Z. Ltd.
The End
Any Questions?
Valley Fill Circuit (Cct. 2)
DCOutput
AC Input RFI Filter
Improved Valley Fill Circuit
DCOutput
AC Input
RL
Remove charging current spike at the voltage
cross-over point.
Remove charging current
spike at the voltage peak.
Improves current waveform near
cross-over point
Active Power-Factor Control
Power-FactorControl Drive
DCOutput
AC Input
