Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner...

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Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondrion Centrioles What Animals Do to Survive Characteristics – Eukaryotic – No cell wall – Heterotrophic – Multicellular – Aerobic – 95% are invertebrates!! – Feeding – Respiration – Circulation – Excretion – Response – Movement – Reproduction

Transcript of Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner...

Page 1: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

Nucleus

Cell Membrane Mitochondrion

Centrioles

What Animals Do to Survive

Characteristics – Eukaryotic

– No cell wall

– Heterotrophic

– Multicellular

– Aerobic

– 95% are invertebrates!!

– Feeding

– Respiration

– Circulation

– Excretion

– Response

– Movement

– Reproduction

Page 2: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

Trends in Animal Evolution

–Cell specialization & levels of organization

– Early development

–Body symmetry

–Cephalization

–Body cavity formation

Page 3: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

Cell type Cell Structure Body Type Nutrition Example

Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryotic Cell wall, peptidoglycan

Unicellular Autotrophic & heterotrophic

Tetanus E. coli

Archaea Archae- bacteria

Prokaryotic Cell wall, no peptidoglycan

Unicellular Autotrophic & heterotrophic

Methanogens

Eukarya Protista Eukaryotic Mixed Unicellular & multicellular

Autotrophic & heterotrophic

Amoebas Euglenas Kelps

Eukarya Fungi Eukaryotic Cell wall, chitin

Unicellular & multicellular

Heterotrophic Yeasts Mushrooms

Eukarya Plantae Eukaryotic Cell wall, cellulose

Multicellular Autotrophic Ferns Pine trees Moss

Eukarya Animalia Eukaryotic No cell wall Multicellular Heterotrophic Birds Earthworms Squid

DOMAIN KINGDOM CHARACTERISTICS

Page 4: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

Tissue Development Process:

1. Fertilization of egg with sperm to form zygote

2. Cell divides to form many cells in a solid mass

3. Cells rearrange to form a hollow ball called a blastula

4. Blastula folds in on itself to form different layers of tissue (gastrulation)

Tissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm

Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract

Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise to muscles & bones

Ectoderm Outer layer Gives rise to skin & nerves

Page 5: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

Tissue Development Process:

1. Fertilization of egg with sperm to form zygote

2. Cell divides to form many cells in a solid mass

3. Cells rearrange to form a hollow ball called a blastula

4. Blastula folds in on itself to form different layers of tissue (gastrulation)

Tissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm

Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract

Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise to muscles & bones

Ectoderm Outer layer Gives rise to skin & nerves

Body Cavity Formation • Fluid-filled space between

digestive tract and body wall

• Allow for specialized regions to develop

• Protects internal organs and provides room for them to grow and expand

Page 6: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

Symmetry Ability to divide an object in half with

an “imaginary plane,” so that the two halves are mirror images of each other

Types of Symmetry: Assymetry: no mirror images are possible Bilateral Symmetry: there is only one way

to divide the organism to achieve mirror images

Radial Symmetry: Multiple planes can divide the organism through the center of the body to produce mirror image halves

Cephalization Concentration of nervous &

sensory tissues in the head region of an animal’s body

Page 7: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

Multicellular

No true tissues No germ

layer

Porifera

True tissues

Radial symmetry

2 germ layers

Cnidaria

Bilateral symmetry

3 germ layers

Acoelomates No body cavity

Platy-helminthes

Tube-within- a-tube

Pseudo-coelomates

Nematoda

Coelomates

Protostome

Mollusca

Segment-ation

Annelida Arthropoda

Deutero-stome

Echino-dermata

Segment-ation

Chordata

Page 8: Characteristics - crestwoodschools.org - Animal Kingdom.pdfTissue (Germ) Layers: Endoderm Inner layer Gives rise to digestive tract Mesoderm Intermediate (middle) layer Gives rise

PHYLUM (# species)

Radial symmetry

Absent Stinging cells called nematocysts Jellyfish, corals, anemonies

Asymmetrical Absent Filter feeders; no tissues or organs Sponges

Bilateral symmetry

Present Distinct head area; single opening to gastrovascular cavity (pharynx)

Tapeworms, flukes, flatworms

Bilateral symmetry

Present Distinct mouth & anus; many have specialized mouth-parts for feeding

Hookworms, pinworms

Bilateral symmetry

Present Closed circulatory system; true digestive tract

Earthworms, leeches, segmented worms

Bilateral symmetry

Present Soft body, often with hard internal or external shell

Snails, clams, Octopus, squid

Radial adults Bilateral larvae

Absent Hydrostatic endoskeleton with calcium carbonate plates in skin

Sea stars, sea urchins

Bilateral symmetry

Present Chitinous exoskeleton; segmented bodies; jointed appendages

Insects, spiders, crustaceans

Bilateral symmetry

Present Well-developed brain with spinal cord; bony endoskeleton

Fish, amph., birds, reptiles, mammals

Cnidaria (~9,000)

Porifera (~5,000)

Platyhelminthes (~25,000)

Nematoda (~12,000)

Annelida (~17,000)

Mollusca (~50,000)

Echinodermata (~6,500)

Arthropoda (over 1,000,000)

Chordata (~50,000)

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