Chapters 5-6

Population

Review

Important Facts

• 40% of population growth is US is due to immigration (legal and illegal)

• China and India have 36% of world’s population--US is 3rd with 4.5

• US infant mortality level is higher than 39 other countries. WHY?

Fertility

• Replacement Level Fertility vs. Total Fertility Rate– Why is RLF higher than 2? (2.1 developed

countries; 2.5 developing)– TFR has declined since 1950 but is still

higher than RLF--what does this mean for population growth?

• World Population Growth: 1.22%

• Developing Countries: – Have 82% of population– Growth Rate: 1.5%

• Developed Countries:– Have 18% of population– Growth Rate: 0.1%

Population Math

• Rule of 70 (doubling time): 70%/r%• Population Change

(birth + immigration) - (death+emigration)

• Population Density: population/area• Birth or Death rate: #birthordeath/population• Population Growth Rate (r):

birth-death/total population

(convert to percent)

2 Factors that Indicate Overall Health of Country

• Death Rate– The rapid population growth of the world is

due more to decreasing death rate than to births

• Infant Mortality– Discuss factors that affect infant mortality

Most Important Statistic for Predicting World Population

Growth

• 28% of world’s population was under age 15 in 2008

Population Pyramids

• Compare developing vs. developed countries

• Zero Population growth countries-shape of pyramid? Problems with declining birth rates?

Demographic Transition Model

• Name and explain each stage

• Demographic Trap? Why are countries “stuck” in Stage 2?

China vs. India

• Why has China been more successful in curbing population growth?

Species Interactions

• Competition– Ways to reduce competition?

• Predation– Ways to avoid predation

• Commensalism• Mutualism• Parasitism

Coevolution

Population Graphs

• Exponential: J-shape

• Logistic: S-shape

Sheep in TasmaniaMoose in Alaska

• Why can sheep maintain higher levels after they overshoot the carrying capacity than the moose?

Small Populations

• Why a problem?

• What causes loss of genetic diversity?

• Relate to endangered species

Population Growth Cycles

• Stable, Irruptive, Cyclic, Irregular

• Lynx/Hare cycle

• Moose/Wolves in Isle Royale

– Bottom up versus top down control

Succession

• Primary vs. Secondary

• Relate to Dismal Swamp

• Facilitation, Tolerance, Inhibition