Scientific Method, Microscopes & CellS

Chapters: 1.81.9, 4, & 5Scientific Method, Microscopes & CellsThe Scientific Method

Draw a conclusionDraw a conclusionVocabularyProblem Statement:

Hypothesis:

Independent Variable (IV).

Dependent Variable (DV)VocabularyControls / Constants:

The Control GROUP:

Experimental group:

Validity

How to increase ValidityThe experiment was

Experimental design includes

CompareLab reportsTitleProblem statementHypothesisMaterialsProcedureData / ResultsConclusions / Discussion

Format for conclusionIn this experiment we tested (problem statement)

My hypothesis was (if ___, then ____)

The data supports (or does NOT support) my hypothesis BECAUSE (back it up with actual #s from data)

Possible sources of error

Improvements / applicationsPenny LabPredict how many drops of water will fit on the surface of a penny.

How is this possible??!?!??!!?Is water sticky??

Surface tension:Waters importance to lifeWater is the _______________________

The majority of our bodies is made up of WATER

Ice and _______________ (good thing ice floats!)

Temperature regulation / high heat capacity

Search for extraterrestrials = search for WATERCharacteristics of life

The cell theory

Parts of the microscope

Total magnification =Exploring life & The life of the cellALL CELLS HAVE __________

DNA

Genes DNA is a ______________________Two long chains coiled together.

These chains are made up of four kinds of chemical building blocks, called nucleotides.

Types of cellsProkaryotes vs. EukaryotesEndosymbiosis

Cell Flow ChartAnimal CellsNo cell wall

Instead, they have a _____________________ _____________________

They also have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, which we will learn more about!

Plant Cells

Have a CELL WALL, nucleus, & membrane-bound organellesPractice! Stand up Sit downIs an animal cell eukaryotic?

Does a bacteria cell have a cell wall?

Is a plant cell prokaryotic?

Are plant and animal cells eukaryotic? Do plant cells have membrane-bound organelles?

Do bacteria cells have membrane-bound organelles?

Do animal cells have a nucleus?

What am I?I do not have any organelles. What am I?

I am a eukaryote WITH a cell wall. What am I?

I am a eukaryote without a cell wall. What am I?

I am a prokaryote WITH a cell wall. What am I?

Cell membraneThe outer boundary of any animal cell.

It is semi-permeable, meaning it

CytoplasmThe cytoplasm is the

It holds all other organelles in the cell.

NucleusThe cells information center.

The nucleus

RibosomesThe site of ______________________________________, or the production of proteins.

Rough Endoplasmic reticulumThe rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is also a site of protein synthesis (because it is studded with ribosomes). The rough ER makes different types of proteins, which together, are necessary for the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulumThe smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) synthesizes lipids (fats) and detoxifies potentially harmful substances.

Golgi body / apparatusThe golgi body / apparatus

VacuolesA vacuole is an open vessel which

MitochondriaA mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) is the

It converts food energy to keep the organelles and the entire cell running.

LysosomeThe lysosome ________________________________

_________________________________________________

worn out cellular materials and foreign materials thatenter the cell.

Plant: Cell WALLThe cell wall

Plant: ChloroplastsChloroplasts contain chlorophyll, and are the

Cell ProjectYour goal is to create a model cell in any way, shape, or form imaginable! You may choose to work individually or with ONE other person. If you choose to work with a partner, be sure to put the time and effort into your project that goes above and beyond what you would do on your own.

Possible products: 3-D model, Childrens Book, Analogy, Short Story, Painting, Video, etc!!!

Please brainstorm & work on your outline for me to approve. These projects will be presented!Salty potatoes labGet 3 slices of potatoes and 3 beakers.Weigh each slice and record the starting weight.Pour 100 mL of water in 2 of the beakers.Add 2 spoonfuls of salt to the water of ONE beaker.Place one potato slice into each beaker.Predict what will happen to the weight, size, and texture of the potato at the end of class.The Cell Membrane & Transportation Of Molecules

Structure: Phospholipid bilayer

VocabularySemi-permeable

Diffusion

Osmosis

Example: What will happen?= salt= waterInside cellOutside cellHypotonic solutionThere is a higher concentration of water

Water will move into the cell, causing it to

Think HYPO = HIPPO!

Also: Hypo = low Tonic = solutes

Hypertonic solutionThere is a higher concentration of water

Water will move out of the cell,

Isotonic solutionThe concentration of water inside the cell and outside the cell are

Water will move freely in and out of the cell at the same rate, causing no overall change.

The cell is in Passive TransportWEEEE!!!!!Main ideaMolecules move freely from

This happens naturally and

Active TransportAww, this is gonna take ENERGY!!!Cell energy =Adenosine Tri-phosphateMain idea:Three types / examples of ACTIVE TRANSPORT:

Moving molecules from [low] to [high]

EXOCYTOSIS

Achoo!!EndocytosisThree ways:Phagocytosis:

Nom nom nom!EndocytosisENdocytosis = materials ENter the cell

Pinocytosis:

Gulp!EndocytosisENdocytosis = materials ENter the cell

Receptor mediatedFinding small amounts

Fill the Venn Diagram with AT LEAST 10 things!!!Passive TransportActive Transport