Chapters 12–131. Third-declension adjectives

2. The fourth conjugation

3. Interrogative pronoun

4. Reflexive pronoun

5. Time expressions

1. Third-declension adjectives

Gaudeāmus igitur, iuvenēs dum sumus.Let us rejoice young while

Gaudeāmus igitur, iuvenēs dum sumus.

Post iūcundam iuventūtem, post molestam senectūtem,pleasant youth troublesome

old-age

Nōs habēbit humus, nōs habēbit humus.soil

A later verse: Vita nostra brevis est …

1. Third declension adjectivesiuvenis, -e youngbrevis, -e brieffortis, -e strongdulcis, -e sweetomnis, -e every

“Two terminations”:iuvenis (m./f.),

iuvene (n.)

All third-declension adjectivesare “i-stems”

1. Third-declension adjectives

“Three terminations”

:ācer (m.),ācris (f.),ācre (n.)

“One termination”:

ingēns (m./f./n.)

Note: ingentis is the gen. sg. form.

1. Third-declension adjectives

homo sapiēnsthinking man

fēlix ille est quī potest rērum cognoscere causās.Happy is he who can learn the causes of things.

dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.It is sweet and glorious to die on behalf of one’s country.

ē plūribus ūnumfrom out of many, one

omnibus(a vehicle) for all

2. The fourth conjugation

PRESENTamō, amāre habeō, habēre vincō, vincere cupiō, cupere veniō, venīre

amōamāsamat

amāmusamātisamant

habeōhabēshabet

habēmushabētishabent

vincōvincisvincit

vincimusvincitisvincunt

cupiōcupiscupit

cupimuscupitiscupiunt

veniōvenīsvenit

venīmusvenītisveniunt

Present active imperative:

venī!venīte!

2. The fourth conjugation

IMPERFECTamābamamābāsamābat

amābāmusamābātisamābant

habēbamhabēbāshabēbat

habēbāmushabēbātishabēbant

vincēbamvincēbāsvincēbat

vincēbāmusvincēbātisvincēbant

cupiēbamcupiēbāscupiēbat

cupiēbāmuscupiēbātiscupiēbant

veniēbamveniēbāsveniēbat

veniēbāmusveniēbātisveniēbant

FUTUREamābōamābisamābit

amābimusamābitisamābunt

habēbōhabēbishabēbit

habēbimushabēbitishabēbunt

vincamvincēsvincet

vincēmusvincētisvincent

cupiamcupiēscupiet

cupiēmuscupiētiscupient

veniamveniēsveniet

veniēmusveniētisvenient

3. Interrogative pronoun

quis nunc te adibit? cui uideberis bella?Who now will approach you? To whom will you seem fine?

quem nunc amabis? cuius esse diceris?Whom will you now love? Whose will you be said to be?

quem basiabis? cui labella mordebis?Whom will you kiss? For whom will you bite the lips?

3. Interrogative pronouns

quibus: i.e., a third conjugation form; but we also see quīs

quis, quid

5. Reflexive pronouns

nōn sibi sed tōtī

nōn sibi sōlī sed tōtī

nōn sibi sed patriae

Harrison College House

5. Reflexive pronounsingula

rplural singul

ar and plural

egō nōs —

meī nostrī/nostrum

suī

mihi nōbīs sibi

mē nōs sē

mē nōbīs sē

“himselfherselfitself

themselves”

Plus the reflexive possessive adjective:suus, -a, -um “his own, her own, its own”

5. Reflexive pronoun

Narcissus eum vidēbat.

“Egō tē videō!”

Narcissus eius umbram vidēbat.

“Egō tuam umbram videō!”

Scenario 1: Narcissus looks at himself

Scenario 2: Narcissus looks at a friend.

Narcissus sē vidēbat.

“Egō mē videō!”

Narcissus suam umbram vidēbat.

“Egō meam umbram videō!”

Pronoun refers to same person

as subject: pronoun is reflexive.

Pronoun refers to different person than

subject: Pronoun is not reflexive.

6. Time expressionsConstruction Case Example

Time when ablative Librum legere incēpī tertiā hōrā.I began to read the book at the third hour.

Time within which

ablative Tōtum librum lēgī tribus hōrīs.I read the entire book in three hours.

Time throughout

which

accusative Librum legēbam trēs hōrās.I was reading the book for three hours.