Midterm Review

Chapters 1 & 2Definition of Learning

Change in behaviour due to experienceBehaviour & Evolution

Types of selection: natural, artificial, sexualSelection works on physical features as well as

behavioursLimits to selection

Evolved modifiabililtyEvolution of learning

Chapters 1 & 2Innate behaviours

ReflexesFixed Action PatternsGeneral Behaviour Traits

Simple types of learningSensitizationHabituation

Chapters 1 & 2The science of studying learning

Operational definitionsWays to measure learningWays to study learning

Anecdotal, naturalistic, case studies, descriptive, experimental

Experimental studiesTypes of variablesDifferent designs

Evaluating ResearchValidity, Reliability, Biases, Blind-procedures

Chapter 3Brief historyTerminology & Basic proceduresWays to measure conditioning

Intensity, probes, suppressionS-S associationHigher-order conditioning

Chapter 3Types

Delay, Trace, Simultaneous, Backwards, Inhibitory

Factors affecting conditioningHow it all works…

Acquisition curvesExtinction, spontaneous recovery, re-

acquisitionTheories

Stimulus Substitution, Preparatory Response

Chapter 4Conditional Emotional Response

Fear, PrejudiceLittle Albert & PeterCounter-conditioning, systematic

desensitizationAdvertisingParaphilia

Aversion therapyTaste aversionImmune Function

Chapter 5 & 6Differences between operant & classicalBrief history (Thorndike, Skinner)

Law of EffectDiscrete vs Free operant

ContingenciesShaping, Chaining & Secondary reinforcersFactors affecting reinforcement &

punishment

Chapters 5 & 6Theories

Drive Reduction theory, Relative Value theory (Premack Principle), Response Deprivation theory

Escape, Avoidance & PunishmentTwo-process, One-processLearned Helplessness

Alternatives to punishmentDifferential reinforcement, non-contingent

reinforcement

Chapters 5 & 6Latent Learning

Importance of reinforcement/punishment in learning