CHAPTER–III GUAVA PRODUCTION–AN...
Transcript of CHAPTER–III GUAVA PRODUCTION–AN...
CHAPTER–III GUAVA PRODUCTION–AN OVERVIEW 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Framework of Analysis 3.3 Guava Production in the Different Countries of the World 3.4 Guava Cultivation in India 3.5 Guava Production in the Different States of India 3.6 Guava Cultivation in Tamil Nadu 3.7 The Agro-climatic Zones 3.8 Guava Production in the Southern Zone of Tamil Nadu 3.9 Guava Production in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu 3.10 Guava Production in the North Eastern Zone of Tamil Nadu 3.11 Guava Production in the North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu 3.12 Guava Production in the Delta Zone 3.13 Guava Production in the High Rainfall Zone 3.14 Guava Production in the Hilly and the Tribal Zone 3.15 Guava Production in the Dindigul District 3.16 Summary
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105 3.1 INTRODUCTION
In Guava production, India had been enjoying a prestigious position in the
World. Guava was one of the commonly known Tropical Fruits, with a long
history and of much Traditional value. In 1988 Jagtiani and others had estimated
that the output of Guava in India was about 1,65,000 Metric Tonnes1. During the
subsequent period, the Guava production had decreased considerably and it was
between 1,00,000 to 1,30,000 Metric Tonnes during the period 1991 to 1994,
partly due to the effects of the Guava Wilt Disease.2 After 1995, the Production
had exceeded the previous levels of Production and had, achieved even higher
levels of production owing to the greater use of fertilizers and due to the
development and cultivation of the improved cultivars. The improved varieties had
yielded three times that of the existing traditional varieties of the Guava cultivars3.
India had re-established its position as the world‟s largest producer of Guava by
producing about 45 per cent of World‟s Production in 2009-104. During the
Twentieth century, the Guava Production had increased considerably and India
had managed to retain its position as the largest producer of Guava in the world.
3.2 THE FRAME WORK OF ANALYSIS
This Chapter had dealt with a study of the Area under the cultivation of
Guava, its Production and Productivity in India, Tamil Nadu and under the various
Agro-Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu classified according to their soil
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106 characteristics, rainfall distribution, irrigation patterns, cropping patterns and such
other ecological and social characteristics. The State of Tamil Nadu had been
classified into Seven Agro-Climatic Zones. Data related to the Area under
Cultivation, Production and Productivity of Guava at the National level, the State
level and at the district level had been collected for a period of Ten Years and the
collected data had been analysed with the help of averages, percentage shares,
ranks, regression co-efficients, compound growth rates and the co-efficients of
variation and the interpretations had been carried out.
3.3 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF
THE WORLD Guava was one of the most widely accepted Tropical Fruits worldwide.
Globally, India, Pakistan and Brazil had been the principal producers of
commercial Guava cultivars5. The increase in its consumption both as a Table
Fruit and as a natural juice had been a worldwide trend. India had the largest
number of Trees but they had been dispersed all over and were poor plantations
and the fruits had been used for the production of white Guava juice only.
Pakistan had been the principal exporter of the fresh Guava fruit. In the
world, Pakistan had been the Second largest Guava producing country, next only
to that of India6. Guava was the Third largest produced fruit in Pakistan.
Pakistan‟s Guava production had increased from 19,000 Tonnes in 1958 to
5,52,000 Tonnes in the year 2008 with an annual growth rate of 6.9 per cent. It had
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107 a production capacity of 1.8 Million Tonnes. In Pakistan Guava was primarily
grown in 3 provinces, namely, Sindh, Punjab and the NWFP.
In Brazil, Guava had been consumed more as a fresh fruit, especially the
fruit of the red pulp variety. Guava was cultivated in all the States, and was being
grown commercially in approximately 16,066 Hectares (IBGE, 2002 Edited by
Goiabras, 2004) with an annual production of approximately 3,50,000 Tonnes7. In
2003, Guava Production in Brazil had been estimated to be about in 328.75
Thousand Tonnes collected from 17,776 Hectares according to IBGE. Mexico had
been one of the major Guava producers in the world with an increasing cropped
area that had surpassed 23,000 Hectares in 2002. The other areas had been Taiwan
with 6,644 Hectares as in 1999 yielding 20/35t/Hectares, Thailand, Columbia and
Indonesia. The other Tropical countries plant Guava in packets of areas that vary
with the various years such as Cuba with 7,312 Hectares as in 2005. Guava had
also been planted in a much smaller scale in other areas with a Production of
16,861 Tonnes. According to the South African Guava Producers Association,
there were Two (2) main production areas, namely Limpopo / Mpumalanga (in the
North of South Africa) producing around 25,000 Tonnes of Guava mainly as a
fresh fruit. The Area under Guava in this Region was 440 Hectares in 2002 and
500 Hectares in 2005. In Vietnam, Guava was planted mainly in the Mekong Delta
Region in 2,000 Hectares. Often, many farmers had inter-planted Guava with other
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108 fruit trees like king orange and pummelo8. According to the Indian Horticulture
Database, 2010, the Production Share of Guava in India was 45 per cent followed
by China, Thailand, Brazil, Philippines and Bangladesh at 10 per cent, 6 per cent,
3 per cent, and 2 per cent respectively of the Total World Production of Guava.
Indonesia, Mexico and Pakistan had a Production share of 5 per cent each in the
Guava Production of the World.
3.4 GUAVA CULTIVATION IN INDIA
Guava had been produced in all parts of the Nation since a very long period
of time. As it was an agricultural crop with a high potential for maintaining
Health, every State had been taking active steps to cultivate Guava in the areas
most suitable for its propagation. The Total area under Guava Cultivation in India
had increased quite significantly from the Mid-Nineties. It got extended from 0.94
Lakh Hectares in 1991-92 to 1.51 Lakh Hectares in 1996-97 registering a
remarkable 61 per cent increase in 1996-979.
3.4.1 Area under Guava Cultivation in India
The Area under Guava Cultivation in India for the past Ten years had been
given in the Table 3.1. The Table had also shown the absolute increase or decrease
and the percentage increase or decrease in the area of Guava Cultivation over
those of the previous years.
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109
TABLE 3.1 Area under Guava Cultivation in India from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Increase or Percentage of
Year Area (in Hectares) Increase or
Decrease
Decrease
2000-01 148200
2001-02 154600 6400 4.32
2002-03 154600 0 0.00
2003-04 166400 11800 7.63
2004-05 162000 –4400 –2.64
2005-06 166500 4500 2.78
2006-07 176000 9500 5.71
2007-08 179200 3200 1.82
2008-09 203700 24500 13.67
2009-10 219700 16000 7.85
Sources: 1. Data base of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
2. Agricultural Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, June.2010, p.348.
From Table 3.1 it could be seen clearly that the Area under Guava
Cultivation in India had been the highest in 2009-10 and the lowest in 2000-01.
The Area under Guava Cultivation had gone up from 1,48,200 Hectares in 2000-
01 to 1,66,400 Hectares in 2003-04. But the Area had decreased slightly in 2004-
05 and it had again increased in 2005-06. It could also be observed from the Table
3.1 that the Area under Guava Cultivation had gone down from 1,66,400 Hectares
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110 in the year 2003-04 to 1,62,000 Hectares in 2004-05, registering a 2.64 per cent
decrease over that of the year 2003-04, owing to a severe incidence of Guava Wilt
Disease in 2004-05. Since there was a substantial reduction in the Area of
cultivation in 2004-05, the Production of Guava had also dropped. During 2005-
06, the Area had again increased to 1,66,500 Hectares over that of the area of
1,62,000 Hectares during 2004-05 registering an increase of 2.78 per cent. Again it
had started to extend gradually in the subsequent years and had registered the
largest Area in 2009-10 to 2,19,700 Hectares. The Area under Guava Cultivation
had increased remarkably by 1,66,400 Hectares in 2003-04 and by 2,03,700
Hectares in 2008-09, registering a 7.63 per cent increase and a 13.67 per cent
increase in the annual growth rates over those of the previous years.
3.4.2 Production of Guava in India
The production of Guava in India during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10 had
been presented in the Table 3.2.
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111
TABLE 3.2 Guava Production in India from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Production (in Increase or Percentage of
Year Increase or
Metric Tonnes) Decrease
Decrease
2000-01 1631500
2001-02 1715500 84000 5.15
2002-03 1793000 77500 4.52
2003-04 1830700 37700 2.10
2004-05 1685600 –145100 –7.93
2005-06 1736600 51000 3.03
2006-07 1830500 93900 5.41
2007-08 1981100 150600 8.23
2008-09 2270100 289000 14.59
2009-10 2571500 –2012950 –88.67
Sources: 1. Data base of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
2. Agricultural Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, June.2010,p.348.
From the Table 3.2 it could be observed that the Production of Guava in
India had varied from a minimum of 1,63,1500 Tonnes in 2000-01 to a Maximum
of 2,57,1500 Tonnes in 2009-10. The Production had increased to 1,71,5500
Tonnes in 2001-02, being a 5.15 per cent increase in the annual growth rate over
that of the previous year of 2000-01. The increase in the area under cultivation and
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112 the congenial climatic conditions that had prevailed, had contributed to the
increase in Guava Production.
The Production of Guava had increased substantially to reach the level of
18,30,700 Tonnes in 2003-04, from the level of 1,79,300 Tonnes in 2002-03,
thereby registering a 2.10 per cent increase over that of the year 2002-03 and to
17,93,000 Tonnes in 2002-03 from that of 17,15,500 Tonnes in 2001-02
registering a 4.52 per cent increase over that of the previous year of 2001-02. The
years 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 had also shown an
increasing trend with values of 17,36,600, 18,30,500, 19,81,100, 22,70,100 and
25,71,500 Tonnes respectively.
From the Table 3.2, it could also be observed that the Production had
declined substantially to the level of 16,85,600 Tonnes in 2004-05 from the level
of 18,30,700 Tonnes in 2003-04 registering a 7.93 per cent shortfall over that of
2003-04, due to a substantial reduction in the Area of Guava Cultivation as well as
due to the Guava Wilt Disease. 3.4.3 Productivity of Guava in India
The Average yield of Guava per Hectare in India, its percentage increase or
decrease over those of the previous years had been shown in the Table 3.3.
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113
TABLE 3.3 Productivity of Guava in India from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Productivity Increase or Percentage of
Year (in Tonnes per Increase or
Decrease
Hectare) Decrease
2000-01 11009 – –
2001-02 11096 87 0.79
2002-03 11598 502 4.52
2003-04 11002 –596 –5.14
2004-05 10405 –597 –5.43
2005-06 10430 25 0.24
2006-07 10401 –29 –0.28
2007-08 11055 654 6.29
2008-09 11144 89 0.81
2009-10 11705 560 5.03
Source: Compiled from Tables 3.1 and 3.2.
It could be inferred from the Table 3.3 that the Yield of Guava per Hectare
had registered a fluctuating trend during the period under study. The Table had
revealed that the Productivity of Guava per Hectare had varied from 10,400
Kilograms to 11,705 Kilograms. The Productivity per Hectare had increased from
11,009 Kilograms in 2000-01 to 11,096 Kilograms in 2001-02, registering a 0.79
per cent increase in the annual grown rate over that of the year 2000-01. The Yield
per Hectare which stood at the level of 11,598 Kilograms in the year 2002-03 had
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114 decreased to the level of 11,002 Kilograms in 2003-04 resulting in the negative
annual growth rate to the extent of 5.14 per cent as compared to the year 2002-03.
The Productivity Level of Guava output had also experienced a negative annual
growth rate of 5.43 per cent and 0.28 per cent respectively during the years 2004-
05 and 2006-07. The reasons that could be attributed to the Negative Annual
Growth Rate in respect of Productivity were the severe attacks of crops by
diseases and the lack of storage facilities to preserve the Production of Guava. It
could also be observed from the Table 3.3 that the Annual Growth Rate of Guava
Productivity had increased by 6.29 per cent in 2007-08, 0.81 per cent in 2008-09
and by 5.03 per cent in 2009-10 over those of the corresponding previous years.
3.4.4 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Annual Compound Growth Rate in the Area, Production and the
Productivity of Guava and the Co-efficients of variation in India had been
presented in the Table 3.4.
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115
TABLE 3.4
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in India from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Semi-log CGR
CV
Particulars Regression
R2 (per cent/per
Constant annum) (per cent)
co-efficient
Area 5.144 0.016 0.890 3.75 12.70
(0.013) (0.002)
Production 6.380 –0.037 0.172 –8.81 31.78
(0.179) (0.029)
Productivity 4.236 –0.054 0.196 –13.24 12.70
(0.187) (0.030)
Source: Compiled from Tables 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3. CGR – Compound Growth Rate.
CV – Co-efficient of Variation.
A. Growth Rate
It could be seen from the Table 3.4 that the Guava production in India had
been reduced heavily to the tune of 8.81 per cent per annum during the period of
2000-01 to 2009-10. The Area had increased significantly at the Compound
Growth Rate of 3.75 per cent per annum and Productivity had decreased at the
Compound Growth Rate of 13.24 per cent per annum respectively. Thus, it could
be observed that the decrease in Production had occurred and it might be due to
the Guava Wilt Disease and the poor storage facilities that were available.
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116 B. Magnitude of Variability
It could also been seen from the Table 3.4 that the Guava Production in
India had experienced a considerable variation of about12.70 per cent during the
Period under Study. The variation in Productivity was found to be 31.78 per cent
whereas it was 12.70 per cent in case of the Area under Guava Cultivation.
3.5 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA
Although Guava had been produced in almost all the parts of India, some
States had enjoyed a great advantage in Guava production due to many and varied
reasons. Hence on the basis of the Maximum Area under Guava Cultivation and
Guava Production, three states, namely, Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh
had been selected and studied.
Guava was cultivated in almost all the Districts of the Karnataka State. The
predominant Guava Growing areas were Kolar, Bangalore, Raichur, Shimoga,
Dharwad and Belgaum. The important varieties of Guava cultivated in Karnataka
were the Allahabad Safeda, L-49, Araka Mridula, Araka Amulya, Bangalore and
the Dharwar varieties10.
During the year 1996-97, the Karnataka State had been the First in Area with
12.5„000‟ Hectares, followed by Madhya Pradesh with 7.2„000‟ Hectares and
Gujarat with 7.1„000‟ Hectares. In respect of Production also the Karnataka State
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117 had ranked First. But with regard to Productivity the Madhya Pradesh State had
occupied the First Place with 20 Metric Tonnes per Hectare as its Productivity.
Guava was being grown on a commercial scale in the Dharwad district. The Area
under Guava in the Dharwad District had been gradually expanding. The Area
under Guava in the District during the year 2005-06 was 451 Thousand Hectares,
with a Total Production of 95411 Metric Tonnes.
In Gujarat, Guava was cultivated in the Bhavnagar and the Ahmedabad
Regions. The important varieties grown were the Nagpur Seedless, Dholka,
Kothrnd, Nasik, Smidh, L-24 and L-4911. The Guava growing belts in Madhya
Pradesh had been Jabalpur, Uijain, Hoshangabad, Khargone, Badwani, Indore and
Shivpur and the important varieties were L-49, Allahabad Safeda, Gwalior-27,
Hafshi and Seedless Chittidar12.
3.5.1 Area under Guava Cultivation in the States of Gujarat, Karnataka and
Madhya Pradesh and in India
The Average Area under Guava Cultivation in Gujarat, Karnataka and in
the Madhya Pradesh States of India during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10, their
percentage contributions to the Indian Production and their Ranks in cultivation
had been given in the Table 3.5.
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118
TABLE 3.5
Area under Cultivation of Guava in the States of Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh and in India from 2000-01 to 2009-10
(IN „000 HECTARES)
Year Gujarat Karnataka Madhya Others India
Pradesh
2000-01 7000 4600 3600 133000 148200
2001-02 7200 5400 3700 138300 154600
2002-03 7800 8100 3500 135200 154600
2003-04 6900 6900 2900 149700 166400
2004-05 6100 8100 2800 145000 162000
2005-06 6900 7300 2800 149500 166500
2006-07 7700 6600 2500 159200 176000
2007-08 8600 6900 2500 161200 179200
2008-09 9300 7000 4800 182600 203700
2009-10 9800 7000 8200 194700 219700
Average 7730 6790 3730 154840 173090
Percentage 4.47 3.92 2.15 89.46 100
Share
Rank 1 2 3
Sources: 1. Statistical Abstract of Gujarat State 2009, Directorate of
Economics and Statistics, Chennai.
2. Database of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of India.
3. Area and Production Report of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
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119
It could be seen from the Table 3.5 that in terms of area under cultivation in
Hectares during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10, the State of Gujarat had occupied
the First Rank with an average Area of 7,730 Hectares followed by Karnataka with
an area of 6,790 Hectares and Madhya Pradesh with an Area of 3,730 Hectares.
The Gujarat State had contributed a 4.475 per cent share of the Total Area of
Guava Cultivation in India, followed by Karnataka which had accounted for a 3.92
per cent share and Madhya Pradesh with a 2.15 per cent share during the period
under study.
In 2009-10, the state of Gujarat had its Highest Area of 9,800 Hectares
under Guava Cultivation, accounting for 4.46 per cent of the Total Area under
Guava Cultivation in India which was 2,19,700 Hectares. The State of Karnataka
had its highest area of 8,100 Hectares in 2002-03 and 2004-05, accounting for 5.24
per cent and 5.00 per cent respectively of the Total Area under Guava Cultivation,
in India, which was 1,54,600 Hectares during the year 2002-03 and 1,62,000
Hectares in 2004-05 respectively. During 2009-10, the State of Madhya Pradesh
had the highest area of 8,200 Hectares accounting for 3.73 per cent of the Total
Area under Guava Cultivation in India which was of the order of 2,19,700
Hectares.
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120 3.5.2 Production of Guava in the States of Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya
Pradesh and in India The Average Production of Guava, the percentage shares and ranks of
Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh States in India during 2000-01 to 2009-10 had been given in the Table 3.6.
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121
TABLE 3.6
Production of Guava in the States of Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh and in India from 2000-01 to 2009-10
(IN „000 METRIC TONNES)
Year Gujarat Karnataka Madhya Others Total
Pradesh
2000-01 95900 23400 72100 1440100 1631500
2001-02 95000 35900 73000 1511600 1715500
2002-03 110200 150700 69300 1462800 1793000
2003-04 92900 142000 57500 1538300 1830700
2004-05 86100 151000 55300 1393200 1685600
2005-06 98700 154100 55000 1428800 1736600
2006-07 113700 128500 49000 1539300 1830500
2007-08 113100 134800 50000 1683200 1981100
2008-09 144200 137500 95000 1893400 2270100
2009-10 156600 138800 238500 2037600 2571500
Average 110640 119670 81470 1592830 1904610
Per cent 5.80 6.28 4.28 83.63 100
Share
Rank 2 1 3
Sources: 1. Statistical Abstract of Gujarat State 2009, Directorate of
Economics and Statistics, Chennai.
2. Horticulture Database 2009-10.
3. Area and Production Report of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
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122
It could be seen from the Table 3.6 that in terms of the average production
of Guava per Annum during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10, the Karnataka State
had occupied the First Rank with 1,19,670 Metric Tonnes, followed by Gujarat
with 1,10,640 Metric Tonnes and Madhya Pradesh with 81,470 Metric Tonnes per
Annum. Karnataka had contributed a 6.28 per cent share of the Total Production
of Guava in India, followed by Gujarat which had accounted for a 5.80 per cent
share and Madhya Pradesh with a 4.28 per cent share during the period under
study.
The Highest production of 1,56,600 Tonnes was registered by Gujarat,
accounting for 6.09 per cent of the Total Guava production in India which was
25,71,500 Tonnes in 2009-10. Karnataka had recorded its higher production of
1,54,100 Tonnes of Guava, accounting for 8.87 per cent of the Total production of
India, which was 1,73,600 Tonnes during the year 2005-06. During 2009-10,
Madhya Pradesh had registered its highest production of 2,38,500 Tonnes of
Guava, accounting for 9.27 per cent of the total production of India, which was
25,71,500 Metric Tonnes.
3.5.3 Productivity of Guava in the States of Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya
Pradesh and in the whole of India The Average Productivity of Guava in Gujarat, Karnataka and in the
Madhya Pradesh states and in India from 2000-01 to 2009-10, their percentage
contributions to India and their positions had been given in the Table 3.7.
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123
TABLE 3.7
Productivity of Guava in the States of Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh and in India as a whole from 2000-01 to 2009-10
(METRIC TONNES/HECTARES)
Year Gujarat Karnataka Madhya Others India
Pradesh
2000-01 13700 5087 20028 10828 11009
2001-02 13194 6648 19730 10930 11096
2002-03 14128 18605 19800 10820 11598
2003-04 13464 20580 19828 10276 11002
2004-05 14115 18642 19750 9608 10405
2005-06 14304 21110 19643 9557 10430
2006-07 14766 19470 19600 9669 10401
2007-08 13151 19536 20000 10442 11055
2008-09 15505 19643 19792 10369 11144
2009-10 15980 19289 29085 10465 11705
Average 14231 16915 20726 10296 11004
Rank 3 2 1
Source: Compiled from Tables 3.5 and 3.6.
It could be seen from Table 3.7 that in terms of the average productivity of
Guava per annum during the period from 2000-01 to 2009-10, Madhya Pradesh
had occupied the First Rank with 20,726 Kilograms per Hectare, followed by
Karnataka with 16,915 Kilograms and Gujarat with 14,231 Kilograms per Hectare.
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124
The Highest productivity of 15,980 Kilograms per Hectare had been
registered by Gujarat during the period 2009-10. Karnataka had recorded its
highest productivity of 21,110 Kilograms per Hectare during the Year 2005-06.
The Madhya Pradesh State had registered its highest productivity of 29085
Kilograms per Hectare during the Year 2009-10. 3.5.4 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Compound Growth Rate and Magnitude of Variability in the Area,
Production and Productivity of Guava in Gujarat, Karnataka and in Madhya
Pradesh had been presented in the Table 3.8.
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125
TABLE 3.8
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava in the States of Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh and in India from
2000-01 to 2009-10 Semi-log CGR
CV
Particulars Constant
Regression R2 (per cent per
co-efficient annum) (per cent)
Gujarat
Area 8.751 0.035* 0.509 8.393 15.16
(0.075) (0.012)
Production 11.323 0.050* 0.602 12.202 20.82
(0.089) (0.008)
Productivity 1.113 0.008** 0.862 1.859 6.32
(0.007) (0.001)
Karnataka
Area 8.658 0.028NS 0.230 6.66 15.96
(0.111) (0.018)
Production 10.731 0.148* 0.434 40.605 40.27
(0.370) (0.060)
Productivity 0.900 0.052* 0.493 12.72 34.73
(0.116) (0.019)
Madhya
Pradesh
Area 7.918 0.043NS 0.129 10.408 46.13
(0.040)
Production 10.903 0.043NS 0.127 10.408 46.83
(0.249) (0.040)
1.264 0.009NS
Productivity (0.033) (0.005) 0.260 2.094 14.18
Total
Area 12.151 0.024NS 0.010 5.682 143.73
(0.518) (0.083)
Production 14.185 0.052* 0.604 12.72 24.22
(0.093) (0.015)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
**Significant at the One per cent level.
NS–Not Significant.
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126
It could be seen from the Table 3.8 that the average production of Guava in
the States of Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh had increased at the rate of
12.72 per cent per Annum. It could also be observed from the Table that the trend
co-efficient had been positive in these States and significant at the Five per cent
level indicating an increasing trend in the production of Guava, during the period
2000-01 to 2009-10. A. Growth Rate
The Area in these States had increased by 5.682 per cent per Annum. It
could also be inferred from the Table 3.8 that, the production of Guava in the
Karnataka State had increased at the rate of 40.61 per cent per Annum followed by
12.20 per cent per Annum in Gujarat and 10.408 per cent in Madhya Pradesh. As
far as the Area under Guava Cultivation was concerned Madhya Pradesh had
registered its highest Area which stood at 10.408 per cent, followed by 8.393 per
cent in Gujarat and 6.66 per cent in Karnataka. With regard to Productivity
Karnataka had registered the highest productivity of 12.72 per cent per Annum,
followed by 2.094 per cent per Annum in Madhya Pradesh and 1.859 per cent per
Annum in Gujarat. B. Magnitude of Variability
It could also be seen from the Table 3.8 that the Production of Guava in
Gujarat had undergone a variation of 20.82 per cent. There was also a variation of
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127 40.27 per cent in Karnataka and 46.83 per cent of variation in the State of Madhya
Pradesh during the period under study. The variation of productivity was found to
be 6.32 per cent in Gujarat, and the highest variation of 34.73 per cent was found
in Karnataka. The variation in Area was 15.06 per cent in Gujarat, 15.96 per cent
in Karnataka and 46.83 per cent in the State of Madhya Pradesh. On the whole, the
average rates of variation in the Area under the Cultivation of Guava during the
period under study between 2000-01 to 2009-10 had been 143.73 per cent;
whereas the Guava Production in these States had experienced considerable
variation of 24.22 per cent during the period under study. 3.6 GUAVA CULTIVATION IN TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu was the Third leading fruit producing State in India. Out of
about 9.2 Lakhs Hectares of Horticultural Crops in Tamil Nadu, fruit crops were
grown in about 2.69 Lakhs Hectares, which had accounted for about 29.22 per
cent. Tamil Nadu had contributed to nearly 7.7 per cent of the National
Horticultural Production with 5.7 per cent at the National Level with respect to the
Area.
Guava was the Fourth important fruit crop in Tamil Nadu, after Mango,
Banana and Sapota. Cuddalore, Vellore, Salem, Namakkal, Thiruvarur,
Nagapattinam, Madurai, Theni, Virudhunagar, Sivagangai, Thirunelveli and
Thoothukudi were the most efficient cropping zones for growing Guava. Guava
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128 could be grown under extreme soil and climatic conditions which had led to the
widespread cultivation of the Guava crop in these Districts. Out of these Districts,
Guava was produced abundantly in Madurai, Dindigul, Salem, Vellore and
Virudhunagar Districts. The main Varieties of Guava grown in Tamil Nadu were
Anakapalli, Banarasi, Bangalore, Chittidar, Nagpur Seedless, Hafshi and the
Smooth Green varieties.
3.6.1 Area under Guava Cultivation in Tamil Nadu
The Area under Guava Cultivation in Tamil Nadu during the period 2000-
01 to 2009-10, the increase or decrease and the percentage changes over those of
the previous years had been presented in the Table 3.9.
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129
TABLE 3.9 Area under Guava Cultivation in Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Increase or Percentage of
Year Area (in Hectares) Decrease Increase or
(in Hectares) Decrease
2000-01 9700 – –
2001-02 9700 0 0.00
2002-03 9500 –200 –2.06
2003-04 8300 –1200 –12.63
2004-05 8100 –200 –2.41
2005-06 8500 400 4.94
2006-07 7800 –700 –8.24
2007-08 8500 700 8.97
2008-09 9200 700 8.24
2009-10 10045 845 9.18
Sources: 1. Data base of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
2. Hort Stat 2008, Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops,
Chepauk, Chennai, pp.2-3.
It could be found from the Table 3.9 that Area under Guava Cultivation in
Tamil Nadu had shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study. The
Area under the cultivation of Guava in Tamil Nadu had stood at 9,700 Hectares
during 2000-02 which had subsequently decreased to the level of 9,500 Hectares
in 2002-03, which had again decreased to touch 8,300 Hectares in 2003-04
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130 working out to a 12.63 per cent reduction in the annual growth rate over that of the
year 2002-03. The incidence of pests and diseases was the reason for the decrease
in the area under Guava Cultivation in 2003-04. It got reduced further to 8,100
Hectares in the year 2004-05 recording a declining trend in the initial period. From
the year 2007-08 onwards, it had started increasing and had reached the maximum
level of 10,045 Hectares in 2009-10, registering a 9.18 per cent annual growth rate
as compared to the year 2008-09. The prevailing favourable price structure of
Guava had also contributed to the increase in the Area under Guava Cultivation
during the year 2009-10.
3.6.2 Production of Guava in Tamil Nadu
The Production of Guava in Tamil Nadu, in absolute figures as well as in
the percentage increase or decrease over those of the previous years had been
presented in the Table 3.10.
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131
TABLE 3.10 Guava Production in Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Production Increase or Percentage of
Year Increase or
(in Tonnes) Decrease
Decrease
2000-01 61500 – –
2001-02 44400 –17100 –27.80
2002-03 49600 5200 11.71
2003-04 58100 8500 17.14
2004-05 64500 6400 11.02
2005-06 92200 27700 42.95
2006-07 99500 –6200 –6.72
2007-08 93300 7300 8.49
2008-09 101700 8400 9.00
2009-10 92500 9100 8.95
Source: Hort Stat 2008, Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Chepauk, Chennai, pp.2 and 3.
It could be observed from Table 3.10 that the Production of Guava in Tamil
Nadu had recorded a steady increase from 2000-01 to 2009-10, except during the
years 2001-02 and 2006-07 when there had been a decrease in the production
levels. The Production of Guava had increased from 61,500 Tonnes in 2000-01 to
1,10,800 Tonnes in 2009-01. The Production of Guava which stood at the level of
64,500 Tonnes in 2004-05 had increased to the level of 92,200 Tonnes in 2005-06,
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132 registering a 42.95 per cent increase in the annual growth rate as compared to the
year 2004-05.
The years 2002-03, 2003-04, 2005-06 and 2007-08 also had witnessed a
substantial increase in the Production of Guava with the annual growth rates of
17.14 per cent, 11.02 per cent, 8.49 per cent and 8.95 per cent respectively, as
compared to the irrespective previous years. This state of affairs might have been
due to the favourable climatic conditions. The year 2006-07 had experienced a
substantial decrease in the annual growth rate to the extent of 6.72 per cent over
that of the previous year. The erratic monsoon patterns and the unfavourable
climatic conditions had been the major reasons for such a drastic reduction in
Guava production during the year 2001-02. An overall analysis had revealed that
the Guava Production in Tamil Nadu had shown a generally increasing Trend.
Since Guava could be grown in varied agro climatic zones and the inputs required
were comparatively less, Tamil Nadu had much potential for a further expansion
in Guava cultivation and its production.
3.6.3 Productivity of Guava in Tamil Nadu
The Average Yield of Guava per hectare in Tamil Nadu, and its percentage
increase or decrease as compared to their previous years had been shown in the
Table 3.11.
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133
TABLE 3.11 Productivity of Guava in Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Productivity Increase or Percentage of
Year (in Kilograms per Increase or
Decrease
Hectare) Decrease
2000-01 6340.20 – –
2001-02 4577.31 –1762.89 –27.80
2002-03 5221.05 643.74 14.06
2003-04 7000.00 1778.95 34.07
2004-05 7962.96 962.96 13.76
2005-06 10847.05 2884.09 36.22
2006-07 11025.64 178.59 1.65
2007-08 10976.47 –49.17 –0.45
2008-09 11054.34 77.87 0.71
2009-10 11030.36 –23.98 –0.22
Source: Compiled from Tables 3.9 and 3.10.
It could be observed from Table 3.11 that the yield of Guava per hectare in
Tamil Nadu had reached a fluctuating trend during the period under study. The
Productivity of Guava per Hectare had varied between 4,577 kilograms and
11,054 kilograms during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10. The Table 3.11 had
revealed that the productivity of Guava per Hectare had decreased from the level
of 6,340 kilograms in 2000-01 to 4,577 kilograms in 2002-03 indicating a negative
annual growth rate of 27.80 per cent over that of the previous year of 2000-01.
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134 This might have been due to the poor rainfall and the unfavorable climatic
conditions. The year 2007-08 had also experienced a decrease in the annual
growth rate by 0.45 per cent as compared to the previous year of 2006-07.
The year 2005-06 had witnessed a 36 per cent increase in the annual growth
rate over that of the previous year of 2004-05. This might have been due to the
motivation and support given by the Horticultural Department after the
establishment of the National Horticulture Mission. It could also be found from
the Table 3.11 that the Productivity of Guava per Hectare had increased from 643
to 5,221 kilograms in 2002-03 and further to the level of 7,000 kilograms in 2003-
04, and had thus registered a 34 per cent increase in the annual growth rate over
that of the previous year. The Productivity had fallen from the level of 11,054
kilograms in 2008-08 to the level of 11,030 kilograms in 2009-10. The negative
growth rate in Productivity might be due to the large scale spread of the Guava
Wilt Disease and the lack of awareness about the new cultivars of Guava.
3.6.4 The Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
of Guava in Tamil Nadu The Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability of the Area,
Production and Productivity of Guava in Tamil Nadu had been presented in the Table 3.12
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135
TABLE 3.12
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Semi-log CGR
CV
Particulars Regression
R2 (per cent per
Constant Annum) (per cent)
co-efficient
Area 9.119 –0.005NS 0.024 –1.158 8.80
(0.063) (0.010)
Production 10.670 0.096** 0.822 24.738 30.59
(0.098) (0.016)
Productivity 8.459 0.100* 0.780 25.892 31.04
(0.117) (0.019)
Source: Compiled from Tables 3.9, 3.10 and 3.11.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
**Significant at the One per cent level. NS–Not Significant.
A. Growth Rate
It could be seen from the Table 3.12 that during the period under study
2000-01 to 2009-10 the Area under Guava Cultivation had decreased by 1.158 per
cent and the Productivity had increased by 25.892 per cent per annum. There had
been an increase in the output of Guava during the study period under Review by
24.738 per cent per annum.
B. Magnitude of variability
It could also be observed from the Table 3.12 that the Guava production
during the period under study had recorded a considerable variation to the extent
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136 of nearly 30.59 per cent. For the same period, the rate of variation in Productivity
was found to be 31.04 per cent and for the Area it was found to be 8.80 per cent. 3.7 THE AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES
The special feature of the climatic conditions in Tamil Nadu was the fact
that the Four Seasons were not distinct and one season usually overlapped with
that of the immediate next season. In the Plains there was no pronounced winter
season and in the hills the Summer would not be severe, permitting a continuous
production of the Horticultural crops in the State. The Summer (March-May)
overlapped into the windy season (June-August) which overlapped into the rainy
season (September-November). The rainy season overlapped into winter
(December-February) which in its turn overlapped into the Summer Season. There
were areas with a temperate climate (above 2000m), a subtropical climate (1000-
2000m), a humid tropical climate (500-1000m) and a tropical climate (upto 500m)
to accommodate for all the possible types of the Horticultural crops.
The Horticulture Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu had
classified the areas of Guava Cultivation into different zones and had named them
as Agro Climatic Zones. There were Seven Agro Climatic Zones, namely Western,
Southern, North Eastern, North Western, Delta, High Rainfall and Hilly and Tribal
zones possessing conducive climatic conditions coupled with monsoon rains. The
different Agro Climatic Zones had descriptively presented in the Table 3.13.
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137
TABLE 3.13 Agro-Climatic Zones
Climatic Zones Districts
Western zone 1. Coimbatore 2. Erode 3. Dindigul 4. Theni
Southern Zone 1. Madurai 2. Ramanathapuram 3. Tirunelveli 4. Sivagangai 5. Virudhunagar 6. Thoothukudi 7. Pudukottai 8. Karur
North Eastern Zone 1. Kancheepuram 2. Thiruvallur 3. Vellore 4. Thiruvannamalai 5. Cuddalore 6. Villupuram
North-Western Zone 1. Dharmapuri 2. Krishnagiri 3. Salem 4. Namakkal 5. Perambalur 6. Ariyaloor
Delta Zone 1. Thanjavur 2. Thiruvarur 3. Nagapattinam 4. Tiruchirappalli
High Rainfall Zone Kanyakumari
Hilly and Tribal Zone Nilgiris Source: Hortstat 2008, Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation
Crops, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, pp.2 and 3.
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138
These overlapping seasons had made possible for Grapes to grow all
though the year, and vegetables and spices in all their possible crop rotations and
in all the various systems of planting. Nearness to the Equator and the presence of
a long stretch of Western Ghats, a discontinuous stretch of the Eastern Ghats and
the presence of hills and hillocks in the plains help a moderation in the climate to
ensure the required heat in units and in degree-days for growing the different kinds
of horticultural crops. 3.8 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN ZONE OF
TAMIL NADU
The Southern zone had constituted an area of 36,655 square kilometre. The Area under cultivation was 16, 50,250 Hectares which was nearly 45 per cent of
the Total Geographical Area. Around 44 per cent consisted of the irrigated area,
and the area under cultivation was 7,22,166 Hectares. This Zone was prone to
frequent Droughts. The Annual Normal Rainfall was 816.5 Millimetre. It covered
the rivers of Vaigai, Sitar, Thambraparani, Numbiar , Pachaiyar, Kludar, Arjunar,
Kodumudiyaar, Manimuthar, Periyar and vaigai. The Dams used by this zone were
the Periyar, Vaigai, Manjalar and Phapanasam. The patterns of irrigation were
well irrigation, canal irrigation, irrigation by Dams and by Lakes. Paddy, cholam,
cumbu, ragi, groundnut, cotton, banana and tobacco were the major crops grown
in this Zone.
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139 3.8.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Southern Zone of
Tamil Nadu The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Southern Zone of
Tamil Nadu, during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10, and the percentage increase or
decrease over those of the previous years had been presented in the Table 3.14.
TABLE 3.14
Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Southern Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01
Area Production Productiv
Year Percenta
ge
Percentage (in
(in Increase
or
Increase or Kilograms Increase
of Increase
or (in Tonnes) of Increase
or
Hectares) Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease Per Decreas
Hectare)
2000-01 3165 - - 20148 - - 6366 -
2001-02 3066 -99 -3.13 13993 -6155 -30.55 4564 -1802
2002-03 3060 -6 -0.20 16009 2016 14.41 5232 668
2003-04 2928 -132 -4.31 20338 4329 27.04 6946 1714
2004-05 2681 -247 -8.44 21163 825 4.06 7894 948
2005-06 2625 -56 -2.09 28621 7458 35.24 10903 3009
2006-07 2496 -129 -4.91 27532 -1089 -3.80 11030 127
2007-08 2708 212 8.49 29872 2340 8.50 11031 1
2008-09 2938 230 8.49 32610 2738 9.17 11099 68
2009-10 3218 280 9.53 35491 2881 8.83 11029 -70
Sources: 1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2008
2. Report on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office of the E Statistics Department, Dindigul.
141
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It would be evident from the Table 3.14 that during the year 2009-10 the Area under
Guava Cultivation in the Southern Zone had registered a maximum of 9.53 percentage
increase. As far as the Production and Productivity were concerned, the year 2005-06 had
registered a maximum of 35.24 per cent and 38.12 per cent respectively. Such an increase
might have been due to the strenuous efforts undertaken by the Horticulture Department to
increase the Production of the Horticultural produce. 3.8.2 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Annual Compound Growth rate of Area, Production and Productivity
in the Southern Zone of Tamil Nadu and the magnitudes of variability had been
furnished in the Table 3.15.
TABLE 3.15
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in the Southern Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Semi-log CGR CV
Particulars Constant Regression R2 (per cent per (per
co-efficient annum) cent)
Area 8.007 –0.008NS 0.071 –1.859 8.55
(0.060) (0.010)
Production 9.556 0.093** 0.820 23.88 29.45
(0.096) (0.015)
Productivity 3.673 0.044* 0.778 10.662 31.24
(0.051) (0.008)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.14.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
**Significant at the One per cent level.
NS–Not Significant.
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142 A. Growth Rate
It could be seen from the Table 3.15 that the Area under Guava Cultivation
in the Southern Zone had decreased at the Compound Growth Rate of 1.859 per
cent per annum. The Production of Guava had increased at the Compound Growth
Rate of 23.88 per cent per annum followed by 10.662 Compound Growth Rate per
cent per annum in respect of productivity of Guava during the Study Period. It
could also be observed that the Trend co-efficient had been positive in production
and productivity but was found to be Negative in respect of the Area under Guava
Cultivation.
B. Magnitude of Variability
It could also be seen from the Table 3.15 that the Area under Guava
Cultivation in the Southern Zone had a variation of 8.55 per cent; a variation of
29.45 per cent in respect of Production and a variation of 31.24 per cent with
respect to Productivity during the period under study.
3.9 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN ZONE OF TAMILNADU
The Western Zone had comprised of an Area of 15,678 Square kilometre,
and the Area under cultivation was 6,98,105 Hectares which was approximately
44.5 per cent of the Total Geographical Area. Only about 2,96,201 Hectares
accounting for about 42.4 per cent of the Total Geographical Area was under
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143 irrigated cultivation. The Annual Normal Rainfall was 653.7 Millimetre. Cauvery,
Noiyal, Bhavani, Uppar, Sirvani and Amaravathi was the major rivers in the Area
and Mettur, Bhavanisagar and Amaravathi were the major dams which served by
the zone.
3.9.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Western Zone
of Tamil Nadu
The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Western Zone of
Tamil Nadu during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10, and the percentage increase or
decrease over those of the previous years had been presented in the Table 3.16.
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TABLE 3.16
Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000
Area Production Produc
t
Year Percentage
o Percentag
e o (in
(in Increase or Increase or Kilograms Increas
Increase or (in Tonnes) Increase or
Hectares) Decrease Decrease Per Decre
Decrease Decrease
Hectare)
2000-01 2505 – – 15947 – – 6366 –
2001-02 2402 -103 -4.11 11048 -4899 -30.72 4600 -176
2002-03 2361 -41 -1.71 12243 1195 10.82 5186 586
2003-04 1553 -808 -34.22 10869 -1374 -11.22 6999 181
2004-05 1601 48 3.09 12800 1931 17.77 7995 996
2005-06 1563 -38 -2.37 17096 4296 33.56 10938 294
2006-07 1490 -73 -4.67 16436 -660 -3.86 11031 93
2007-08 1617 127 8.52 17834 1398 8.51 11029 -2
2008-09 1762 145 8.97 19438 1604 8.99 11032 3
2009-10 1921 159 9.02 21188 1750 9.00 11030 -2
Sources: 1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2008
2. Report on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office of the E Statistics Department, Dindigul.
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145
It could be seen from the Table 3.16 that year 2009-2010 had registered the
Maximum Area under the cultivation of Guava with 1,921 Hectares constituting a
9.02 per cent increase in the Western Zone, over that of the Previous Year of
2008-09. The Maximum Production of 17.096 Tonnes was an increase of 33.56
per cent in the year 2005-06 and an increase of 36.81 per cent in Productivity in
the year 2005-06 over that of the Previous Year of 2004-05 in the Western Zone
during the period under study.
3.9.2 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Annual Compound Growth Rate in respect of the Area, Production and
Productivity of Guava in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu for the period 2000-01
to 2009-10 and their magnitudes of variability had been furnished in the Table
3.17.
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146
TABLE 3.17
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Semi-log CGR
CV
Particulars Regression
R2 (per cent per
Constant annum) (per cent)
co-efficient
Area 7.739 0.040NS 0.359 –9.648 21.12
(0.117) (0.019)
Production 9.282 0.060* 0.586 14.815 23.19
(0.111) (0.018)
Productivity 3.675 0.043* 0.774 10.408 31.09
(0.052) (0.008)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.16.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
NS–Not Significant.
A. Growth Rate
It could be seen from the Table 3.17 that during the period under study
namely, 2000-01 to 2009-10 in the Western Zone, the Production of Guava had
increased at the Compound Growth Rate of 14.815 per cent per Annum. It could
also be found that the Area under the cultivation of Guava had decreased by 9.648
per cent per annum; whereas the Productivity had increased at the Compound
Growth Rate of 10.408 per cent per annum.
The increase in Production could be attributed to the increase in
Productivity.
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147 B. Magnitude of Variability
From the Table 3.17, it could also be observed that the Western Zone had
registered a variation of 21.12 per cent in case of the Area, 23.19 per cent in the
case of Production and a variation of 31.09 per cent in case of the Productivity of
Guava.
3.10 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE NORTH EASTERN ZONE
OF TAMIL NADU The Total Geographical Area of the North Eastern zone was 31,194 Square
kilometre. The Area under cultivation was 50.5 per cent of the Total Area. The
Annual Normal Rainfall had been 1109 Millimetre. The Major Rivers were Polar,
Ponniar, Cheiyar, Vellar, Thenpennai, Manimuthar and Wellington, in addition to
Wells, Lakes and Dams which were the Major Sources of Irrigation. The Major
Crops grown were paddy, cholam, cumbu, ragi, groundnut, sugarcane and
cashewnut. The Chengleput District which is known as the “Lake District” and the
popular “Madhurandhagam Lake” come under this Zone.
3.10.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the North Eastern
Zone of Tamil Nadu
The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the North Eastern Zone of Tamil Nadu, during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10 and the percentage increase
or decrease of those measures over those of the previous years had been presented
in the Table 3.18
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TABLE 3.18
Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the North Eastern Zone of Tamil Nadu f 2000-01 to 2009-10
Area Production
Percentage of
Percentage of (in
Year (in Increase or Increase or Kilograms I Increase or (in Tonnes) Increase or
Hectares) Decrease Decrease Per
Decrease Decrease
Hectare)
2000-01 1871 1871 – 11912 11912 – 6367 2001-02 2196 325 17.37 10066 -1846 -15.50 4584 2002-03 2115 -81 -3.69 11066 1000 9.93 5231 2003-04 2295 180 8.51 16077 5011 45.28 7005 2004-05 2318 23 1.00 18533 2456 15.28 7995 2005-06 2904 586 25.28 31195 12662 68.32 10742 2006-07 2594 -310 -10.67 28663 -2532 -8.12 11050 2007-08 2815 221 8.52 31048 2385 8.32 11029 2008-09 3069 254 9.02 33842 2794 9.00 11027 2009-10 3344 275 8.96 36887 3045 9.00 11031
Sources: 1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2008
2. Report on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office of the E Statistics Department, Dindigul.
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149
It could be observed from the Table 3.18 that in the North Eastern Zone, the
Area under the cultivation of Guava had registered a Maximum increase of 25.28
per cent in 2005-06 followed by an increase in the Maximum Production to the
extent of 68.32 per cent and an increase of 34.36 per cent in regard to the
Maximum Productivity, in the same year of 2005-06 over that of the year of 2004-
05 during the study period of 2000-01 to 2009-10. The main reason was found to
be the Motivation imparted by the Horticulture Mission.
3.10.2 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Annual Compound Growth Rate in regard to the Area, Production and
Productivity of Guava in the North Eastern Zone of Tamil Nadu during 2000-01 to
2009-10 and their Magnitudes of variability had been furnished in the Table 3.19.
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150
TABLE 3.19
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in the North Eastern Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Semi-log CGR
CV
Particulars Regression
R2 (per cent per
Constant annum) (per cent)
co-efficient
Area 7.510 0.058** 0.911 14.288 18.43
(0.040) (0.006)
Production 9.063 0.158** 0.893 43.88 45.39
(0.120) (0.019)
Productivity 3.675 0.043* 0.780 10.408 30.91
(0.051) (0.008)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.18.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
**Significant at the One per cent level.
A. Growth Rate
It could be seen from the Table 3.19 that during the study period between
2000-01 and 2009-10, there had been a Compound Growth Rate in the Production
of Guava to the extent of 43.88 per cent per annum. There had also been a
significant increase in the Productivity of Guava with a Compound Growth Rate
of 10.408 per cent per Annum. But there had been only a 14.288 per cent
Compound Growth Rate of increase in the Area under the cultivation of Guava.
Thus it could be inferred from the Table 3.19 that the increase in the Area of
Guava Cultivation had been the main factor which had contributed to the increase
in the Compound Growth Rate in respect of Production.
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151 B. Magnitude of Variability
It could be seen from the Table 3.19 that there had been a 45.39 per cent
variation in respect of the Guava Production during the period under study. This
variation in Production had been due to the wide variations in respect of Area
(18.43%) and Productivity (30.91%).
3.11 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE NORTH WESTERN ZONE OF
TAMIL NADU The North western Zone of Tamil Nadu had covered an Area of 18,271
Square kilometre in which 10, 28,097 Hectares, which had constituted 56.3 per
cent, had been under cultivation. Out of Total Area of Cultivation, only 23 per
cent that is, 2, 35,828 Hectares only had been accounted for as the irrigated area.
The Annual Normal Rainfall of the Zone was 849 Millimetre. This Zone had been
identified as the moderately Drought Prone Zone. The major Rivers of this zone
were Cauvery, Thenpennai and Manimuthar. Mettur and Krishnagiri were the
major Dams in this Zone. Paddy, wheat maize, ragi, bajra, sugarcane, groundnut,
cotton, sunflower, tobacco and mango were the major crops grown in this zone.
The Forest Area in this Zone constituted nearly 30 per cent of the Total Area, that
is, 5, 35,282 Hectares of the zone, which had nearly contributed to 25 per cent of
the Total Forest Area in the State.
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152 3.11.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the North Western
Zone of Tamil Nadu
The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10, their percentage increases or
decreases over those of the previous years had been presented in the Table 3.20.
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TABLE 3.20
Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu f 2000-01 to 2009-10
Area Production Productiv
Year Percentage Percentage (in (in Increase or
Increase or Kilograms Increase of Increase or (in Tonnes) of Increase or Hectares) Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease Per Decreas hectare)
2000-01 1601 – – 9918 – – 6195 –
2001-02 1497 -104 -6.50 6832 -3086 -31.12 4564 -1631
2002-03 1407 -90 -6.01 7361 529 7.74 5232 668
2003-04 968 -439 -31.20 6760 -601 -8.16 6983 1751
2004-05 950 -18 -1.86 7595 835 12.35 7995 1012
2005-06 859 -91 -9.58 9367 1772 23.33 10905 2910
2006-07 711 -148 -17.23 7755 -1612 -17.21 10907 2
2007-08 809 98 13.78 8457 702 9.05 10454 -453
2008-09 831 22 2.72 9171 714 8.44 11036 582
2009-10 906 75 9.03 9997 826 9.01 11034 -2 Sources: 1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2008
2. Report on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office of the E Statistics Department, Dindigul.
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154
From the Table 3.20 it could be seen that, in the year 2007-08, the Area
under the Cultivation of Guava in the North Western Zone had registered a
maximum percentage increase of 13.78 per cent over that of the year 2006-07
followed by the maximum percentage increase in Production of 23.33 per cent in
the year 2005-06 and an increase of 36.40 per cent in Productivity in the same year
during the period under study of 2000-01 to 2009-10. 3.11.2 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Annual Compound Growth Rate in respect of Area, Production and
Productivity of Guava in the North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu during the period
2000-01 to 2009-10 and their Magnitudes of variability had been furnished in the
Table 3.21.
TABLE 3.21 Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in
the North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10 Semi-log CGR
CV
Particulars R2 (per cent per
Regression
Constant (per cent)
co-efficient annum)
Area 7.357 –0.079* 0.705 –19.95 30.43
(0.112) (0.018)
Production 8.902 0.021NS 0.182 4.954 14.78
(0.097) (0.016)
Productivity 3.671 0.043* 0.786 10.408 30.84
(0.050) (0.008)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.20.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
NS–Not Significant.
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155 A. Growth Rate
It could be found from the Table 3.21 that the Area under the cultivation of
Guava had decreased drastically by about 19.95 per cent per annum. But there had
been an increase in respect of Production and Productivity at the Compound
Growth Rate of 4.954 per cent and 10.408 per cent per annum respectively in the
North Western Zone during the period of 2000-01 to 2009-10 under study. Thus it
could be concluded that the substantial increase in the Productivity of Guava had
been due to the better and favourable prices that Guava had fetched and the
favourable conditions that had prevailed in the zone for their Cultivation.
B. Magnitude of Variability
It could also be observed from the Table 3.21 that the North Western Zone
had recorded a 30.43 per cent variation in respect of the Area during the period
under study namely, 2000-01 to 2009-10. For the same period, the rate of variation
in Production was 14.78 per cent and in respect of Productivity it was found to be
a Variation of 30.84 per cent.
3.12 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE DELTA ZONE
Total Area of the Delta Zone was 24,943 Square Kilometre in which 60.2
per cent of the Area that is, 15,00,680 Hectares were under cultivation and 50.1
per cent of Total Area of Cultivation that is, 7,51,302 Hectares was the Irrigated
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156 Area. This zone received an Annual Normal Rainfall of 956.3mm and it was
covered by the Rivers of Cauvery, Vennaru, Kudamuruti, Paminiar, Arasalar and
Kollidam. The Major Dams that had served this Zone were Mettur and
Bhavanisagar. Canal irrigation, Well irrigation and Lake irrigation had also been
made use of and was under practice. The major crops grown were paddy,
sugarcane, cotton, groundnut, sunflower, banana and ginger. Thanjavur district,
which is known as the “Rice Bowl,” of Tamil Nadu, came under this Zone.
3.12.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Delta Zone of
Tamil Nadu
The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Delta Zone of Tamil
Nadu during the period 2000-01 to 2009-10, along with their percentage increases
or decreases over those of the previous years had been presented in the Table 3.22.
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TABLE 3.22 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 t
Area Production Productiv
Year
Percentage of
Increase Percentage of
(in (in Increase or (in Kilograms Increase
Increase or or
Increase or
Hectares) Decrease Tonnes) Per Decreas Decrease Decrease Decrease
Hectare)
2000-01 478 – – 3043 – – 6366 –
2001-02 459 -19 -3.97 2095 -948 -31.15 4564 -1802
2002-03 459 0 0.00 2408 313 14.94 5246 682
2003-04 457 -2 -0.44 3172 764 31.73 6941 1695
2004-05 452 -5 -1.09 3625 453 14.28 8020 1079
2005-06 458 6 1.33 4994 1369 37.77 10904 2884
2006-07 404 -54 -11.79 4456 -538 -10.77 11030 126
2007-08 439 35 8.66 4834 378 8.48 11011 -19
2008-09 475 36 8.20 5269 435 9.00 11093 82
2009-10 521 46 9.68 5744 475 9.01 11025 -68 Sources: 1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2008
2. Report on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office of the E StatisticsDepartment,Dindigul.
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158
Table 3.22 had revealed that in the Delta Zone, the Area under Guava
Cultivation had registered a maximum percentage increase of 9.68 per cent in the
year 2009-10 over that of 2008-09. It could also be seen that the Maximum
percentage increase in Production of 37.77 per cent and the maximum percentage
increase in Productivity of 35.96 per cent had been registered in the year 2005-06
over that of the Previous Year of 2004-05 during the study period of 2000-01 to
2009-10. 3.12.2 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Annual Compound Growth Rate of Area, Production and Productivity
of Guava in the Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu during the period of 2000-01 to 2009-
10 and their magnitudes of variability had been furnished in the Table 3.23.
TABLE 3.23 Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in
the Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10 Semi-log CGR
CV
Particulars Regression R2 (per cent per
Constant (per cent)
co-efficient annum)
Area 6.115 0.003NS 0.015 0.693 6.45
(0.046) (0.007)
Production 7.667 0.103** 0.810 26.765 31.95
(0.110) (0.018)
Productivity 3.674 0.044* 0.777 10.662 31.11
(0.051) (0.008)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.22.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
**Significant at the One per cent level.
NS–Not Significant.
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159 A. Growth Rate
The Decade Analysis of the Delta Zone had shown a spectacular
performance in the Compound Growth Rates of Production and Productivity. The
Production of Guava as well as its Productivity had increased significantly at the
Compound Growth Rates of 26.765 per cent and 10.662 per cent per Annum
respectively. But there had been no appreciable increase in the Area under the
cultivation of Guava during the period under study that is between 2000-01 to
2009-10. It was found to be a Compound Growth Rate of only 0.693 per cent per
Annum.
B. Magnitude of Variability
The Table 3.23 had also revealed that the variation in the volume of Guava
Production was about 31.95 per cent during the period under study. The variation
in respect of Productivity was found to be 31.11 per cent whereas it was found to
be only 6.45 per cent in respect of the Area under Cultivation. Thus it could be
observed that the Delta Zone had experienced considerable variations in respect of
the Production and Productivity of Guava.
3.13 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE HIGH RAINFALL ZONE
The Kanyakumari District had been considered as the High Rainfall Zone
by the Department of Horticulture.
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160 3.13.1 The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Kanyakumari
District of Tamil Nadu
The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the High Rainfall Zone
(Kanyakumari District) of Tamil Nadu during the period 2000-2001 to 2009-2010,
and their percentage increases or decreases over those of their previous years had
been presented in the Table 3.24.
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TABLE 3.24 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the High Rainfall Zone (Kanyakumari District) of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10 Area Production Produ
Year
Increase
Percentage
Increase Percentage
(in
(in (in of Increa or of Increase or Kilograms Hectares) Tonnes) Increase or Decr Decrease or Decrease Decrease per Hectare) Decrease
2000-01 42 290 6905
2001-02 47 5 11.90 215 -75 -25.86 4574 -23
2002-03 67 20 42.55 351 136 63.26 5239 66
2003-04 68 1 1.49 442 91 25.93 6500 126
2004-05 64 -4 -5.88 512 70 15.84 8000 150
2005-06 54 -10 -15.63 589 77 15.04 10907 290
2006-07 69 15 27.78 761 172 29.20 11029 12
2007-08 75 6 8.70 826 65 8.54 11010 -1
2008-09 82 7 9.33 900 74 8.96 10976 -3
2009-10 89 7 8.54 981 81 9.00 11022 47
Sources:
1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 20 2. Report on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office of
Statistics Department, Dindigul.
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162
It could be seen from the Table 3.24 that Area of Guava had generally an
increasing trend during the Period under Review. The year 2009-10 had registered
the maximum Area under the cultivation of Guava with 89 Hectares constituting a
8.54 per cent increase in Kanyakumari District over that of the Previous Year
2008-09. The maximum Production of 981 Tonnes constituting a 9 per cent
increase in the year 2005-06 and the maximum Productivity of 11,029 Kilograms
per Hectare in the year 2006-07 constituting an increase of 1.11 per cent were
registered in the High Rainfall Zone during the Study Period of 2000-01 to 2009-
10.
3.13.2 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitudes of Variability in the High
Rainfall Zone (Kanyakumari District)
The Annual Compound Growth Rate of Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Districts under the High Rainfall Zone of Tamil Nadu during the
period 2000-01 to 2009-10 and their magnitudes of variability had been furnished
in the Table 3.25.
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163
TABLE 3.25
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in the High Rainfall Zone (Kanyakumari District) of Tamil Nadu
from 2000-01 to 2009-10 Semi-log CGR CV
Particulars Regression R 2 (per cent (per
per
Constant
co-efficient cent)
annum)
Area 3.791 0.067* 0.734 16.680 22.44
(0.089) (0.014)
Production 5.364 0.164** 0.931 45.881 45.79
(0.098) (0.016)
Productivity 8.481 0.097* 0.731 25.026 30.88
(0.129) (0.021)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.24.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
**Significant at the One per cent level.
A. Growth Rate
It could be observed from the Table 3.25 that over the period under study,
the Production of Guava had increased at the Compound Growth Rate of 45.881
per cent per Annum. It could also be found that the Area as well as the
Productivity of Guava had increased at the Compound Growth Rates of 16.680 per
cent per Annum and 25.026 per cent per Annum respectively during the study
period. Thus it could be observed that the increase in Production was a function of
the larger extent of the Area that had been brought under the Guava Cultivation.
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164 B. Magnitude of Variability
From the Table 3.25, it could also be observed that the High Rainfall Zone
had experienced a variation of 45.79 per cent in the case of Production, 22.44 per
cent in the case of the Area and 30.88 per cent in case of the Productivity of
Guava. 3.14 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE HILLY AND THE TRIBAL ZONE
The Hilly and the Tribal Zone had covered an Area of 2,549 Square
kilometre. The Area under cultivation was 73,689 Hectares, which was only 28.9
per cent of the Total Geographical Area of the Zone. Furthermore, only 0.84 per
cent of the Total cultivated area had been found to be the irrigated area, that is
only about 621 Hectares had been the irrigated Area. The Annual Normal Rainfall
was 1857 Millimetre. There were no Dams for irrigation in this zone, since there
were no Major Rivers. Paddy and Groundnut were cultivated to a relatively lesser
extent. The Major Crops grown were Tea, Coffee and Vegetables. The Forest area
was 1, 50,139 Hectares which was about 58.9 per cent of the Total Geographical
Area of the Zone. Nilgiris
The Nilgiris popularly known as the “Blue Mountains” was a tiny district in
the Western Ghats located between 11º10' and 11º45' N Latitude and 76º14' and 7702‟ E Longitude. It is bounded by the Kerala State in the North West, Karnataka
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165 State on the North, Coimbatore District on the South East and the Erode District
on the North East. Though situated in the Tropical Zone, the District enjoyed a
Subtropical to a Temperate Climate due to its altitude which had helped the
development of the District in respect of the Horticultural Produce.
3.14.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Hilly and the
Tribal Zone (Nilgiris District)
The Average Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Hilly and
the Tribal Zone during the Period 2000-01 to 2009-10 and the percentage increase
or decrease of these measures over those of the previous years had been presented
in the Table 3.26.
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TABLE 3.26 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Hilly and the Tribal Zo (Nilgiris District) of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Area Production
Year
(in Increase Percentage of Increase Percentage of (in or Increase or ( in Tonnes) or Increase or Kilograms Hectares) Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease per Hectare)
2000-01 38 242 6368
2001-02 33 -5 -13.16 151 -91 -37.60 4576
2002-03 31 -2 -6.06 162 11 7.28 5226
2003-04 31 0 0.00 442 280 172.84 14258
2004-05 34 3 9.68 272 -170 -38.46 8000
2005-06 31 -3 -8.82 338 66 24.26 10903
2006-07 36 5 16.13 397 59 17.46 11028
2007-08 37 1 2.78 429 32 8.06 11595
2008-09 43 6 16.22 470 41 9.56 10930
2009-10 46 3 6.98 512 42 8.94 11130
Sources: 1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01
2. Report on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office and Statistics Department, Dindigul.
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167
It is evident from Table 3.26 that the Area under cultivation of Guava in
Nilgiris District had increased gradually. During the year 2009-10, Nilgiris District
had registered the maximum Area under cultivation of Guava with 46 Hectares
with a maximum percentage increase of 16.22 per cent over that of the year 2008-
09. As far as the Production was concerned, the maximum Production in Nilgiris
District had registered with 512 Tonnes in the year 2009-10 with the maximum
increase of 172.84 per cent over the Previous Year 2002-03. The year 2003-04 had
registered the remarkable Productivity of 14258.06 Kilograms per Hectare,
constituting a 172.84 percentage over that of the Previous Year 2002-03 in this
High Rainfall Zone of Nilgiris District.
3.14.2 Compound Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability in
the Nilgiris District
The Annual Compound Growth Rate of the Area, Production and
Productivity of Guava in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu during the period
2000-01 to 2009-10 and their Magnitudes of variability had been furnished in the
Table 3.27.
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168
TABLE 3.27
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in the Hilly and the Tribal Zone of Tamil Nadu (Nilgiris District)
from 2000-01 to 2009-10 Semi-log CGR CV
Particulars
R 2 (per cent
Regression (per
Constant per
co-efficient cent)
annum)
Area 3.414 0.029* 0.407 6.905 14.40
(0.077) (0.012)
Production 5.106 0.118* 0.660 31.220 37.76
(0.186) (0.030)
Productivity 8.600 0.089* 0.492 22.744 33.73
(0.198) (0.032)
Source: Compiled from Table 3.26.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
**Significant at the One per cent level. NS–Not Significant.
A. Growth Rate
From the Table 3.27 it could be observed that over the period under the
study the Production of Guava had increased by a Compound Growth Rate of
31.22 per cent per Annum. It could also be found that the Area as well as
Productivity increased at the Compound Growth Rates of 6.905 per cent and
22.744 per cent per Annum respectively during the Study Period. Thus it could be
observed from the Table 3.27 that there had been an increase in Guava Production
and this was probably the result of both an increase in the Area of Guava
Cultivation as well as due to an increase in the Productivity of Guava.
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169 B. Magnitude of Variability
It could also be observed from the Table 3.27 that the Nilgiris District of
the Hilly Zone had recorded a variation of 37.76 per cent in case of Production,
14.40 per cent in respect of the Area and 33.73 per cent in respect of Productivity. 3.15 GUAVA PRODUCTION IN THE DINDIGUL DISTRICT
In Guava Production, the Dindigul District had a prestigious position in Tamil
Nadu. Guava was one of the main fruits grown and it had a long history. The
production of Guava in this District has been quite encouraging as also very
lucrative. 3.15.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Dindigul District in
Tamil Nadu
The Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Dindigul District
of Tamil Nadu and their percentage increase or decrease over their previous years
had been presented in the Table 3.28
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TABLE 3.28 Area, Production and Productivity of Guava in the Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Area Production P
Year Increase Percentage Increase Percentage ( in ( in of ( in of kilograms
or or Hectares) Increase or Tonnes) Increase or per Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease Hectare)
2000-01 1763 11223 6366 2001-02 1695 -68 -3.86 7735 -3488 -31.08 4563 2002-03 1667 -28 -1.65 8722 987 12.76 5232 2003-04 958 -709 -42.53 6726 -1996 -22.88 7021 2004-05 996 38 3.97 7963 1237 18.39 7995 2005-06 980 -16 -1.61 10686 2723 34.20 10904 2006-07 953 -27 -2.76 10512 -174 -1.63 11030 2007-08 1034 81 8.50 11406 894 8.50 11031 2008-09 1127 93 8.99 12432 1026 9.00 11031 2009-10 1229 102 9.05 13551 1119 9.00 11026 Sources:
1. Government of Tamil Nadu, Season and Crop Reports of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 20
2. Reports on Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables in Tamil Nadu, Office of
Statistics Department, Dindigul.
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171
From the Table 3.28 it could be observed that the Area under Guava
Cultivation got significantly reduced from the level of 1763 hectares in 2000-2001
to the level of 953 Hectares which was a 2.76 percentage decline in 2006-2007
over that of the Previous Year of 2005-06. In the year 2003-04 there was a heavy
shortfall in Area at 42.53 per cent. A severe attack of the Guava Wilt disease and
the absence of the introduction of new Hybrid cultivars were the major reasons for
the decline in the Area under the cultivation of Guava in the Dindigul District.
However, the Area under Guava Cultivation started increasing gradually from the
Year 2007-2008 onwards. The Area had subsequently increased to 1034 hectares
in 2007-2008, which again had increased to the level of 1127 Hectares in 2008-
2009 registering a 8.99 percentage increase in the annual growth rate over that of
the Year 2007-2008. The Technology Development in Guava Cultivation had been
the main reason for such a significant increase in Area during this period. The
Area had reached the maximum level of 1229 Hectares in 2009-2010, registering a
9.05 per cent annual growth rate over that of the Previous Year of 2008-09.
As far as the Production of Guava in the Dindigul District was concerned the
Table 3.28 had exhibited a fluctuating trend till the year 2004-05. The reasons that
could be attributed to the decrease in production could be traced to the incidence
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172 of diseases, unfavourable climatic conditions as also to the decrease in the Area of
Guava Cultivation. The Production had picked up by an increase of 8.50 per cent
in 2007-08, compared to that of the previous year of 2006-07, and thereafter there
had been a gradual and steady increase in Production. This might be due to the
increase in the area of Guava Cultivation, which in its turn might have been due
Technological Development in respect of New Cultivars. Thus it could be inferred
from the Table 3.28 that, there had been wide fluctuations in the Production of
Guava.
With regard to Productivity, the Table 3.28 had revealed that the
Productivity of Guava per Hectare in the Dindigul District had varied between
4563 kilograms and 11031 kilograms during the period under Review. The
Productivity of Guava per Hectare, which stood at 6365 kilograms in 2000-2001,
decreased to the level of 4563 Kilograms per Hectare in 2001-2002 and had
increased to 5232 Kilograms per Hectare in the following year of 2002-03
registering an increase in the annual growth rate to the extent of 14.65 per cent
over that of the previous year of 2001-02. A spectacular increase in the
Productivity of a 36.39 per cent increase was noticeable in the year 2005-2006
over that of the year of 2004-05. From 2007-2008 there had been a insignificant
rise in respect of Productivity. A Negative annual growth rate of 0.05 per cent had
been registered in the year 2009-2010. It could be inferred that further efforts had
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173 not been taken by the Horticultural Department to increase the Productivity of
Guava in the Dindigul District.
3.15.2 Compound Growth Rate and the Magnitude of Variability
The Annual Compound Growth Rate in the Area, Production and
Productivity of Guava in the Dindigul District in Tamil Nadu and their
Magnitudes of variability had been furnished in the Table 3.29
TABLE 3.29
Trend, Growth Rates and the Magnitudes of Variability of Guava Cultivation in
the Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu from 2000-01 to 2009-10
Semi-log CGR (per CV
Particulars Constant Regression R2 cent per (per
co-efficient annum) cent)
Area 7.377 -0.052NS 0.379 -12.720 26.97
(0.145) (0.023)
Production 8.931 0.048* 0.413 11.686 21.97
(0.127) (0.020)
Productivity 8.461 0.100* 0.775 25.892 31.03
(0.118) (0.019)
Source: Compiled from Tables 3.28.
*Significant at the Five per cent level.
NS–Not Significant.
A. Growth Rate
It could be observed from the Table 3.29 that over the period of 2000-01 to
2009-10 under Study, the Production of Guava had increased at the Annual
Compound Growth Rate of 11.686 per cent per annum. It could also be found that
the Area under the Guava Cultivation had decreased at the Compound Growth
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174 Rate of 12.720 per cent per annum, whereas the Productivity had increased at the
Compound Growth Rate of 25.892 per cent per annum. Thus it could be observed
that, the reason for the increase in production might have been due to the good
adaptability of the Guava for a wide range of climatic conditions. B. Magnitude of variability
From the Table 3.29, it could also be observed that the Dindigul District
had recorded a variation of 21.97 per cent in respect of production; 26.97 per cent
in respect of the Area and a 31.03 per cent variation in the case of the Productivity
of Guava. 3.16 SUMMARY
The present chapter entitled „Guava Production–An Overview‟, had
highlighted the essentials of the Secondary Data related to Area under the
cultivation of Guava and its Production during the different periods of time in the
Major Guava producing countries of the World. The Area under the Cultivation of
Guava and its Production in India, in Tamil Nadu and in the Seven Agro Climatic
Zones of Tamil Nadu had also been discussed. The Statistical Tools like the
Averages, the Percentages, the Ranking, approach and their percentage increase or
decrease in Area, Production and Productivity, the Standard Deviation and the Co-
efficient of Variation had all been used for purposes of Analysis.
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