Chapter4services (CATV), cable modem ... • Skype and Truphone are popular VoIP apps • Some IM...
Transcript of Chapter4services (CATV), cable modem ... • Skype and Truphone are popular VoIP apps • Some IM...
The Internet and World Wide Web
Chapter4
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The Internet
• What is the Internet? Worldwide collection of
computers networks that connects
millions of
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Pen
R
A
History of the Internet
• How did the Internet
originate? ARPANET
Networking project by
tagon’s Advanced
esearch Projects
gency (ARPA) Goal:
To allow scientists
at different
locations to share
information Became
functional
September 1969
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• How has the Internet
History of the Internet
grown?
Today than 150 million host More nodes
1969 Four host nodes
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History of the Internet
• Who controls the Internet?
No one—cit is a public, cooperative, and
independent network
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How the Internet Works
• How can you
the Internet?
connect to
Slow-speed technology
High-speed connection
Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line
Digital subscriber line (DSL ),
cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem
provide connections using
regular copper telephone lines to connect to the Internet
Connection must be established Connection is always on—
whenever the computer
is running
each time you log on.
Slow but inexpensive
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The World Wide Web
What is the World Wide Web (WWW )?
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Also called the Web
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and animation
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
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The World Wide Web
• What is
The first
a home page?
page that a Web site presents
Often provides
pages
connections to other Web
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The World Wide Web
•
What is a Web browser?
Program that allows you to view Web pages
Microsoft
Internet
Explorer Netscape
Mozilla
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Elements of the Web Browser
Menu Bar
Command bar
URL Bar
Workspace Status Bar
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Internet Service Provider (ISP ), any company that
provides individuals and
organizations with access to
is
•
• or presence on the Internet.
• E. g. Batelco.
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• What is downloading?
The World Wide Web
The process of a computer receiving information
The transmission of information from a local
computer to
Uploading
a remote computer is called
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• What is a URL?
The World Wide Web
Unique address
for a Web page
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The World Wide Web
• What is a hyperlink (link)?
Built-in connection to another related Web page location
Item found elsewhere
on same Web page
Different Web page
at same Web site
Web page at a
different Web site
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The World Wide Web
How can you recognize links?
Pointer changes to when you point to
a link
A link can be text
or an image
Text links are
usually underlined
and in a different
color
a small hand
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The World Wide Web
• What is a search engine?
Program used to find
Web sites and Web
pages by entering
words or phrases
called search text
Also called a keyword
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The World Wide Web
• What is a portal?
A Web site that offers a variety of services
from free
one, convenient location, usually for
E. g. Yahoo
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The World Wide Web
•
What is multimedia?
Application integrating
media elements
text with other
Graphics
Animation
Audio
Video
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The World Wide Web
• What is animation? Appearance of motion created
by displaying a series of still
images in sequence
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The World Wide Web
•
What is audio?
Music, speech, or any
other sound
Common Web audio file
formats are MP3, WAV, WMA
(Windows Media Audio),
MPEG, RealAudio, and
QuickTime
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The World Wide Web
• What is audio?
Transfers
streaming
data in a
continuous and even flow .
Enables you to
listen to the sound
as it downloads to
your computer.
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• What is a chat?
Other Internet Services
Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer
Chat room is location
on server that permits
users to discuss topics
of interest
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Other Internet Services
•
What is FTP? File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows you to upload and download
files with other computers on the Internet
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• What are newsgroups and
Other Internet Services
message boards?
Newsgroup Online area where users
subject discuss a particular
Message board Type of discussion
group
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Other Internet Services
• What is a mailing list? Group of e-mail addresses given a single name When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the list receives the message To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe to it; to remove your name you must unsubscribe
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Electronic Commerce
• What is e-commerce? Short for electronic commerce
Business transaction over the Internet
Business to consumer (B2C) Sale of goods to general public
that occurs
Consumer to consumer (C2C) One consumer sells directly to another
Business to business (B2B) Business providing goods and
services to other businesses
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Emails
Email (electronic mail): A computer-based system for exchanging messages through mail servers.
Store-and-forward: A message delivery system in which messages are forwarded between servers and then stored on those servers until they are picked up.
Mail server: an online server that sends and/or receives email messages on behalf of the email addresses it supports.
Mail client: Software installed on a computer that is used to compose and manage emails.
How Email Delivery Works
Email Account Types
1- HTTP email account (Web-based) HTTP for both incoming and outgoing mail
Examples, Google, Yahoo!
2- Mail clients use:
POP3
• Store-and-forward protocol. It holds the messages until they are picked up, but it doesn’t maintain any direct communication with the email client.
Post Office Protocol (POP) for incoming mail
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for outgoing mail
IMAP
• It continues to hold the messages even after they are picked up. Anything done in the email client is reflected on the server
Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) for incoming mail
SMTP for outgoing mail
Pull vs. Push Technology
Pull: User must request the content Email
Web browsing
Push: User receives content automatically Instant messaging
Texting
Messaging
Instant messaging Computer-based service
Yahoo! IM or AOL Instant Messenger (AIM)
Works on phones, but only with the right app installed
Text messages Short Message Service (SMS)
Works primarily on cell phones
User may be charged per message on certain plans
Chat rooms Public chat, multiple people at once
May be web-based or application-based
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) accessible through IRC client software and provides access to huge number of people discussing a particular subject.
Instant Messaging Example
Social Networking
• Umbrella term for sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google+
• User creates a profile and posts status updates, writings, photos, and forwards
• Some services use tags, or hashtags (#) which are searchable labels that can be added to posted content allow other people to find like-minded users
• Some social network are specialized (Instagram for photos, Vine for video, Reddit for news, YouTube for video-sharing)
Blogs and Microblogs
Blog: A web page containing personal experiences and opinions, with posts listed most-recent-first
blog platform: A web server that hosts the blogs of individuals, either free or for a small fee. Examples: WordPress, Typepad, and Blogge
Microblog: A service that allows the posting of short messages. A status update service such as Twitter, limited to a very few characters per post. Unlike email, microblogs can be seen by anyone and can be commented on by anyone
Twitter Web Page Example
Wiki
An online database of information that is collaboratively edited by the public
Newsgroups
Newsgroups predate the web, forerunners of web-based forums that are popular today
Usenet is a large global distributed discussion group network
People use a newsreader application to read Usenet articles, or an email client that supports newsgroups
Newsreader Software that organizes incoming messages from newsgroups and allows users to read and respond to them
NNTP (network news transport protocol) transports news articles between news servers and clients reading and posting articles
Forums
Forum A web-based discussion and advice- sharing site.
A web-based, more feature-rich type of newsgroup
Users register on the web site so that their posts will be identifiable
A forum thread is a post along with all the comments to it
Many companies have tech support forums for their products
Forum thread A post on a forum along with all the comments to it.
VoIP
• Voice over IP (VoIP) is used to make voice calls via the Internet
• Turns the voice message into data packets and sends them as if they were other Internet data
• IP, short for Internet protocol, is used to identify individual devices that are connected to the Internet and to route calls between them.
• Skype and Truphone are popular VoIP apps
• Some IM clients also allow you to make voice calls
• Apps like Skype and Facetime also allow video chat
Videoconferencing
• Videoconferencing is feature-rich, group video chat
• Can include computer application sharing, voice, text chatting, and document collaboration
• Videoconferencing uses the same underlying protocols as VoIP uses, but it requires much more bandwidth.
Personal vs. Professional Communication
Professional communication tips Address them formally
Use polite language
Avoid abbreviations
Avoid jargon and slang
Don’t use emoticons
Proofread
Personal Don’t make inappropriate jokes
Talk voice or face-to-face about important or difficult issues
Avoid discriminatory language
Verbal vs. Written Communication
With whom am I communicating?
What is the context or subject?
Am I likely to need a record of the communication?
Is the speed of communication important?
Choosing an Online Method of Communication
Email Used when a quick response is not essential
Good for formal messages
Provides a permanent records
Instant messaging Quick answers, conveying short messages quickly
Social networking (personal) Useful for informing friends what is happening in
your life
Good for posting photos and videos of recent events you’ve been involved in
Choosing an Online Method of Communication
Social networking (business) Increasingly used for advertising
Many social networking sites are dedicated to matching job-seekers with employers
Blogs Expressing your personal opinions and providing
updates about yourself
Microblogs Very short summary updates you want existing
followers to see
Forums Discussing topics of shared interest
Communicating as part of a community
Choosing an Online Method of Communication
VoIP calls Chatting with friends or business associates
Keeping in touch with families
Required a reliable high-speed web connection
Videoconferencing Appropriate mainly for the workplace or schools
Allows groups of people to interact visually