Chapter1ccna
-
Upload
guido-sarmento -
Category
Technology
-
view
58 -
download
0
Transcript of Chapter1ccna
![Page 1: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sybex CCNA 640-802 Chapter 1: Internetworking
Instructor & Todd Lammle
![Page 2: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 1 Objectives
• The CCNA Topics Covered in this chapter include:– Internetworking Basics– Layered Models– The OSI Model– Ethernet Networking– Data Encapsulation– Cisco’s Three-Layer Model– Chapter 1 Written Labs and Review
Questions
2
![Page 3: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Internetworking Basics
3
How would you say the PC named Bob communicates with the PC named Sally?
![Page 4: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Internetworking Basics
4
Switches can replace the hub, breaking up collision domains.
Keep in mind that the hub used in the figure just extended the one collision domain from the switch port.
![Page 5: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Internetworking Basics
5
Here’s a list of some of the things that commonly cause LAN traffic congestion:
•Too many hosts in a broadcast domain
•Broadcast storms
•Multicasting
•Low bandwidth
•Adding hubs for connectivity to the network
•A bunch of ARP or IPX traffic (IPX is a Novell protocol that is like IP, but really, really chatty. Typically not used in today’s networks.)
![Page 6: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Internetworking Basics
6
Routers create an internetwork.
![Page 7: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Internetworking Basics
7
There are two advantages of using routers in your network:
•They don’t forward broadcasts by default.
•They can filter the network based on layer 3 (Network layer) information (e.g., IP address).
Four router functions in your network can be listed as follows:
•Packet switching
•Packet filtering
•Internetwork communication
•Path selection
![Page 8: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Internetworking Basics
8
Internetworking devices
![Page 9: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Internetworking Basics
9
Switched networks creating an internetwork
![Page 10: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Layered Models
The Layered Approach
• A reference model is a conceptual blueprint of how communications should take place.
• It addresses all the processes required for effective communication and divides these processes into logical groupings called layers.
• When a communication system is designed in this manner, it’s known as layered architecture.
10
![Page 11: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The OSI Model
• The OSI isn’t a physical model. Rather, it’s a set of guidelines that application developers can use to create and implement applications that run on a network.
• It also provides a framework for creating and implementing networking standards, devices, and internetworking schemes.
11
![Page 12: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The OSI Model
12
The upper layers
![Page 13: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The OSI Model
13
The lower layers
![Page 14: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The OSI Model
14
The Layer Functions
![Page 15: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The OSI Model
15
Connection-Oriented Communication
![Page 16: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The OSI Model
16
Windowing
![Page 17: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The OSI Model
17
Network LayerRouting Table used in a router
![Page 18: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The OSI Model
18
Router in an internetwork
![Page 19: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The OSI Model
19
Data Link Layer
![Page 20: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Binary Addressing
20
Binary to Decimal Memorization Chart10000000 12811000000 19211100000 22411110000 24011111000 24811111100 25211111110 25411111111 255
BINARY 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 DECIMAL 10000100 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 132
11010010 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 210
10111000 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 184
10100110 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 166
Conversion Example
![Page 21: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The OSI Model
21
A hub in an network
![Page 22: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The OSI Model
22
A Switch in an network
![Page 23: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ethernet Networking
• Ethernet is a contention media access method that allows all hosts on a network to share the same bandwidth of a link.
• Ethernet is popular because it’s readily scalable, meaning that it’s comparatively easy to integrate new technologies, such as Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, into an existing network infrastructure.
• It’s also relatively simple to implement in the first place, and with it, troubleshooting is reasonably straightforward.
23
![Page 24: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ethernet Collision Detection
24
CSMA/CD
![Page 25: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Half and Full Duplex
25
Half-duplex Ethernet is defined in the original 802.3 Ethernet; Cisco says it uses only one wire pair with a digital signal running in both directions on the wire.
But full-duplex Ethernet uses two pairs of wires instead of one wire pair like half duplex. And full duplex uses a point-to-point connection between the transmitter of the transmitting device and the receiver of the receiving device.
Full-duplex Ethernet can be used in three situations:• With a connection from a switch to a host• With a connection from a switch to a switch• With a connection from a host to a host using a crossover cable
![Page 26: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ethernet Addressing
26
The MAC, or hardware, address is a 48-bit (6-byte) address written in a hexadecimal format.
![Page 27: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ethernet at the Physical Layer
27
The IEEE 802.3 and original Ethernet Physical layer specifications.
![Page 28: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ethernet Cabling
28
Ethernet cabling is an important discussion, especially if you are planning on taking the Cisco exams.
Three types of Ethernet cables are available:
• Straight-through cable• Crossover cable• Rolled cable
We will look at each in the following sections.
![Page 29: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Straight Through
29
The straight-through cable is used to connect• Host to switch or hub
• Router to switch or hub
![Page 30: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Crossover Cable
30
The crossover cable can be used to connect• Switch to switch• Hub to hub• Host to host• Hub to switch• Router direct to host
![Page 31: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Rolled Cable
31
Although rolled cable isn’t used to connect any Ethernet connections together, you can use a rolled Ethernet cable to
connect a host to a router console serial communication (com) port.
![Page 32: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Using Hyper Terminal
32
Notice the settings for Hyper Terminal
![Page 33: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What type of cable is used?
33
![Page 34: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
What type of cable is used for each connection?
34
![Page 35: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Data Encapsulation
When a host transmits data across a network to another device, the data
goes through encapsulation:• It is wrapped with protocol
information at each layer of the OSI model.
• Each layer communicates only with its peer layer on the receiving device.
35
![Page 36: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
PDU
36
![Page 37: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Port Numbers
37
The Transport layer uses port numbers to define both the virtualcircuit and the upper-layer process.
![Page 38: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Cisco’s Three-Layer Model
38
The following are the three layers and their typical functions:• The core layer: backbone• The distribution layer: routing• The access layer: switching
![Page 39: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Review Question
39
Hub Hub
How many broadcast domains are shown?
![Page 40: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Review Question
40
Hub HubHub HubHub Hub
Switch Switch
How many collision domains are shown?
![Page 41: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Which of the hosts can transmit simultaneously without causing
collisions?
HubSwitch
How many collision and broadcast domains are show?
A FEDB C
![Page 42: Chapter1ccna](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55839060d8b42a282c8b518b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Written Labs and Review Questions
– Open your books and go through all the written labs and the review questions.
– Review the answers in class.
42