Science● Physical

● Chemistry● Astronomy● Physics

● Life● Biology● Anatomy● Physiology

Chemistry● Chemistry studies the structure and properties of matter

and the changes it undergoes.● Chemistry focuses on chemical rather than physical

change.

Matter scientific word for “stuff”

SubstancesStates of Matter

SolidLiquid GasPlasma

Solids●Definite shape & volume

●Do not take the shape of a container

●Incompressible●*Do not confuse

with rigidity●Expands with heat

(Chemical Bonds Influence Rigidity)

Liquids●Constant volume●Flow●Take shape of

container●Incompressible●Expand with heat

Gases●Do not have constant

volume●Compressible

●Do not have a definite shape

●Move freely ●Fill the space of a container

482 m/s km/hr??

(Gas = Vapor) 25o C 120oC

A substance is a gas if it is gaseous at room temperature (25oC).

Classifying Matter Substances●Pure

● Element●A substance is an

element if you can find it on the periodic table

● Compound●A substance is a

compound if it has a chemical formula

●Not Pure● Homogeneous

Mixture●A homogeneous

mixture is uniform, also called a solution

● Heterogeneous Mixture●A heterogeneous

mixture is not uniform

Substances● Pure Substances

● Elements● K Na Ne Ag

● Compounds● O2 NaCl H20 Fe2O3

● Substances● Homogeneous Mixture

● Water with salt● Tylenol● Apple Juice

● Heterogeneous Mixture● Pozole● Lago de Chapala● Pizza

Physical Properties of Matter●Physical Property

●a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the objects composition.

●Density●color● odor● hardness● melting point and

boiling point●Extensive (Exterior)

●Depend on the amount present

● Intensive (Interior)●Do not depend on the

amount present

ExtensiveHow much does the copper wire/plastic weigh?

IntensiveDoes the copper wire/plastic conduct electricity?

Chemical Properties of Matter Chemical Property●Ability to:

●Combine with another substance

●Change into another substance

●Examples●Flammability

●Gasoline vs Water●Toxicity

●Chlorine vs Water●Ability to oxidize

● Iron vs Aluminum

Change● Physical Change

● a usually reversible change, chemical properties do not change

● H20 H20 H2O

● Chemical Change● A reaction involving the rearrangement

of the atoms of one or more substances● There is a formation of at least one

new substance

Changes in Matter

●Physical Change●Phase Change -

Requires changes in pressure and/or temperature

●A transition from one state of matter to another

●boil, freeze, condense, vaporize, or melt

Physical Changes depend on Physical Properties or Chemical Properties?At what temperature does copper change state from a solid to a liquid?

What type of property determines this change?

Changes in Matter

●Chemical Change●sdfjkl

**complete the slide

Changes in MatterThe Law of Conservation of Mass

Physical Change Chemical Change

**write your understanding here

Elements

Atoms & Periodic Table

Vocabulary●Atom●Proton●Neutron●Electron●Isotope●Atomic Number●Atomic Mass●Period●Group●Family●Valence Electrons●Electron-dot Structure

http://youtube.com/v/yQP4UJhNn0I

http://home.web.cern.ch/about/how-accelerator-works

http://wordlesstech.com/2012/05/03/higgs-boson-explained/

Periodic Table●Organized according

to:● Atomic Number

●The number of protons in an atom

● Electron Structure●Divided into:

●Periods●Groups

Periods = Rows

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Groups = Columns8

****Group number = number of Valence Electrons

Valence Electrons● The number of electrons in the outermost electron orbital

☞ **Determines behaviour

Valence ElectronsElectron-dot Structure / Lewis-dot

Element Atomic Number

Protons Neutrons Electrons Period Group Valence Electrons

Family

Ba

33

2 7

87

6 3

http://youtube.com/v/YdOOHfpi1vE

Alkali Metals!

ReactivityThe attraction that a bonding pair of electrons feels for a particular nucleus.Depends on:● the number of protons in the nucleus;● the distance from the nucleus;● the amount of screening by inner electrons.

At

B

All elements want to have a complete set of valence electrons; elements will react until they have a complete set. A complete set consists of eight electrons, this explains why Noble gases do not react. Helium is a Noble gas, even though its outer orbital only has two electrons. Helium’s outer orbital only accepts two electrons, therefore its set of valence electrons is complete; it will not react.

1

23 7

8Transitional Metals Groups 4, 5, 6

Row 3, 4, 5

Row 7

Cs Ba At Rn

Is Cs more reactive than Li? Why?