Chapter05 Wave Properties of Matter General Bibliography 1) Various wikipedia, as specified 2)...
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Transcript of Chapter05 Wave Properties of Matter General Bibliography 1) Various wikipedia, as specified 2)...
Chapter05Wave Properties of Matter
General Bibliography
1) Various wikipedia, as specified2) Thornton-Rex, Modern Physics for Scientists &
Eng, as indicated
Chapter 05
• 5.1 X-Ray Scattering• 5.2 de Broglie Waves• 5.3 Electron Scattering• 5.4 Review of Wave Motion• 5.6 Uncertainty Principle• 5.7 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
Wave-Particle Duality
• Particle-Like Behaviors– Rutherford Scattering– Bohr Model– Photoelectric Effect– Compton Scattering– Pair Production– Positron Annihilation
• Wave-Like Behaviors– X-Ray Diffraction– Bragg Scattering– Electron Scattering– etc
Von Laue Diffraction Patterns
Bragg Scattering
nl = 2 d sinq
Powder X-Ray Diffraction
Davisson & Germer Electron Scattering
Electron Scattering
de Broglie
Basic Wave Review
Superposition of Waves / Fourier Series
Uncertainty Principle for A Simple Case
Mythical “Gaussian” Shaped Wave
-- a specially constructed wave packet that has the smallest possible values for both the product DpDx and DEDt
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
• All information that can be known about a particle/system is contained within the wavefunction Y(x,t)
• The probability of finding the particle at (x,t) is given by Y* Y.– in a region Dx about (x,t) by Y* Y Dx
• The probability of finding the particle anywhere is 100% or 1.
spaceall
dx*1
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics• Every observable quantity is associated with an “Operator” which is used
to extract the information from the wavefunction
• The expectation value (aka average) of an observable quantity is given by
• The time evolution of the wavefunction is determined by
spaceall
dxOpOporOp *____
rrxx operatoroperator
dt
diH
dx
dip
dt
diE operatorxoperator ,
H = Hamiltonian