Chapter VI - Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses...

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Chapter VI

GPWSC: Contribution, Problems and Intervention

This chapter intended to explore the evaluation of activities responded by

beneficiaries as also problems and constraints faced by Gram Panchayat Water

Supply and Sanitation Committee members.

Since the establishment of the GPWSCs at the village level on the whole has

largely failed to achieve proper drinking water supply to the community people. It is

conveniently accepted that the GPWSCs have not been able to curve a niche for

themselves at the village level due to many problems of technical aspects of the

project. The main reason at the back was lack of proper trainings on the subject of,

technical aspects of project, invitation of bids, selection of venders, selection of

quality products, report writing etc. Some of the problems have been identified in this

section and intervention strategies also discussed. For better understanding about the

knowledge of goals of Punjab rural water supply and sanitation project and activities

of gram panchayat rural water supply and sanitation committee have been discussed

in the previous chapter. The present chapter for proper explanation and interpretation

has divided into four sub sections namely below:

• 6.1 Evaluations of activities

• 6.2 Problems and constraints faced by the GPWSC’s

• 6.3 Suggestions given by respondents

• 6.4 Intervention strategies

6.1 The Activities Done by GPWSC’s Members and Evaluated by the

Beneficiaries

The evaluation of activities is the one of the objectives of the study. The emphasis

has been given on the views collected by the beneficiaries in the form of data. The

evaluation of the activities, which were performed by the members of Gram

Panchayat Water Supply and Sanitation Committee during the implementation of the

project at village level scheme, the data of 200 respondents has been collected, from

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the beneficiaries to evaluate the activities done by GPWSC members, which is as

follows.

6.1.1 Beneficiaries Satisfaction about the GPWSC’s Performance

In this section, it has been attempted to know the extent of satisfaction of

beneficiaries. Five point scales has been used i.e. good, very good, satisfactory,

unsatisfactory and don’t know. The mentioned data in tables has been divided

between the five blocks i.e. Ropar, Morinda, Nurpur bedi, Anandpur Sahib and

Chamkaur Sahib. The purpose behind the split of data was to explore the block wise

trends to understand the level of understanding.

To explore the selected aspects of the working of GPWSCs some questions

have been asked from the beneficiaries, which include important activities performed

by the committee and those questions are as follows.

(i) Collection of beneficiaries’ shares.

(ii) Help to insure quality of products.

(iii) Maintaining ledger book and records as per World Bank norms.

(iv) To provide time to time information to the village people about the progress in

project.

(v) Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology.

(vi) Finalizing water supply bills in consultation with the community members.

(vii) Collection of water bills from beneficiaries.

(viii) Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines.

(ix) Carry out time to time survey of water quality.

The scale has been used to the beneficiaries in another section of the interview

schedule has been presented in Tables 6.1 to 6.6.

6.1.2 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Ropar

The Ropar block is also centre of the PRWSS project for district Ropar. Being

the centre of project numbers of advantages were still there like DPMC office, RWSS

department district office and all the administration offices are situated nearby. Before

the analysis of data, it’s presumed that the situation of the Ropar block in level of

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satisfaction of beneficiaries could be better comparative to the other four blocks. For

the purpose of analysis data has been presented in table 4.17 for block Ropar.

Table 6.1 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in

Block Ropar

Block Ropar Responses

Beneficiaries (N=40) Very good

Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Don’t Know

Total

Collection of beneficiaries’ shares 4 (10)

4 (10)

8 (20)

4 (10)

20 (50)

40 (100)

Help to ensure quality of products 2 (5)

6 (15)

8 (20)

2 (5)

22 (55)

40 (100)

Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank norms

2 (5)

4 (10)

10 (25)

4 (10)

20 (50)

40 (100)

To provide time to time information to the village people about the bank account balance

2 (5)

6 (15)

8 (20)

4 (10)

20 (50)

40 (100)

Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology

4 (10)

4 (10)

4 (10)

2 (5)

26 (65)

40 (100)

finalizing water supply bills in consultation of community

members

4 (10)

4 (10)

6 (15)

4 (10)

22 (55)

40 (100)

Collection of water bills from the beneficiaries

2 (5)

2 (5)

8 (20)

2 (5)

26 (65)

40 (100)

Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines

2 (5)

4 (10)

4 (10)

4 (10)

26 (65)

40 (100)

Carry out time to time survey of water quality

4 (10)

2 (5)

2 (5)

2 (5)

30 (75)

40 (100)

Total 26 (7.23)

36 (10)

58 (16.12)

28 (7.77)

212 (58.88)

360 (100)

• Figures in brackets show percentage.

From the analysis of the table it was found that mainstream of the respondents

58.88 percent (N-212) do not have knowledge about the activities of the GPWSC. On

the other hand only 16.12 percent (N-58) respondents chose satisfactory at the

performance of the GPWSC. Simultaneously less than one tenth (only 7.23 percent)

(N-26) responded and expressed that performance of GPWSC was very good,

strangely nearby same figure 7.77 percent thought that performance of GPWSC was

unsatisfactory. The analysis of the table presents the clear cut picture about the

performance of the GPWSC members and also shows the interest of the Beneficiaries.

Despite from the advantages like DPMC office and other co-departments the situation

of the Ropar block was very pathetic. The data also present the analysis of the

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DPMCs performance because it was the duty of the DPMC staff to make aware about

the GPWSC activities and train the GPWSC members.

6.1.3 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Morinda.

Morinda is the block of Ropar district, from the geographic point of view it’s

very near to the capital of Punjab means Chandigarh. The State Program Management

Cell (SPMC) state levels headquarter of the project is just 20 kilometers from the

Morinda block so like Ropar block the Morinda block also has number of advantages

concern to the project. To know the satisfaction level of the beneficiaries of the

Morinda block the table 4.18 review the data.


Block Morinda

Block Morinda Responses

Beneficiaries (N=40)

Very good


Total

Collection of beneficiaries’ shares

9 (22.5)

7 (17.5)

6 (15)

3 (7.5)

15 (37.5)

40 (100)

Help to ensure quality of products

6 (15)

5 (12.5)

3 (7.5)

4 (10)

22 (55)

40 (100)

Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank

norms

5 (12.5)

3 (7.5)

2 (5)

5 (12.5)

25 (62.5)

40 (100)


7 (17.5)

3 (7.5)

1 (2.5)

7 (17.5)

22 (55)

40 (100)


3 (7.5)

2 (5)

3 (7.5)

4 (10)

28 (70)

40 (100)


members

4 (10)

1 (2.5)

2 (5)

6 (15)

27 (67.5)

40 (100)


4 (10)

1 (2.5)

2 (5)

7 (17.5)

26 (65)

40 (100)


2 (5)

1 (2.5)

1 (2.5)

9 (22.5)

27 (67.5)

40 (100)


1 (10)

1 (2.5)

2 (5)

10 (25)

26 (65)

40 (100)

Total 41 (11.38)

24 (6.66)

22 (6.12)

55 (15.28)

218 (60.56)

360 (100)


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The data revealed that performance of the GPWSC members in Morinda block

have similar situation to the Ropar block. The majority more than fifty that is 60.56

percent (N-218) respondent not even heard about these activities. The 15.28 percent

respondents were unsatisfied from the performance of the GPWSC. On the other hand

only 11.38 percent respondents (N-41) felt that performance of GPWSC were very

good. The data shows that situation in terms of performance of the GPWSC of the

Morinda block was not reasonable.

6.1.4 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Nurpur Bedi.

The block Nurpur Bedi is smallest block of District Ropar so far as the

population is concerned. The Nurpur Bedi is located at the edge of the Shivalik

mountain range. So the villages are located in the semi mountain areas. In some of the

villages house to house distance is above 100 meters so the working of the GPWSCs

at this Block was a very challenging task. But during the field visit the researcher

observed that the community members of this block are keener to get safe drinking

water comparative to the others, due to non availability of safe drinking water. To

analysis the performance of the GPWSC table 4.19 shows the trends below.


Block Nurpur Bedi

Block Nurpur Bedi

Responses


Very good


Total


8

(20)

10

(25)

4

(10)

1

(2.5)

17

(42.5)

40 (100)

Help to ensure quality of products

6

(15)

6

(15)

3

(7.5)

2

(5)

23

(57.5)

40 (100)

Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank

norms

5

(12.5)

7

(17.5)

4

(10)

1

(2.5)

23

(57.5)

40 (100)

To provide time to time information to the village

people about the bank account balance

4

(10)

5

(12.5)

3

(7.5)

1

(2.5)

27

(67.5)

40 (100)

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4

(10)

9

(22.5)

4

(10)

3

(7.5)

20

(50)

40 (100)


members

3

(7.5)

8

(20)

1

(2.5)

3

(7.5)

25

(62.5)

40 (100)


3

(7.5)

6

(15)

5

(12.5)

5

(12.5)

21

(52.5)

40 (100)


2

(5)

4

(10)

8

(20)

2

(5)

24

(60)

40 (100)


4

(10)

5

(12.5)

8

(20)

1

(2.5)

22

(55)

40 (100)

Total 39

(10.83)

60

(16.67)

40

(11.11)

19

(5.28)

202

(56.11)

360

(100)


The data from the table indicates that again majority of the respondents that is

56.11percent don’t know about the activities of the GPWSC. So they were not able to

judge the performance of the GPWSC. Despite this the unsatisfactory respondents

were few in numbers i.e. only 5.28 percent (N-19). The very good performance rated

by respondents 10.83 percent and 16.67 percent respondents’ rated good performance.

In spite of the fact about constraint of geographical area the performance of the

GPWSCs is better, proportionally to recent data.

6.1.5 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Anandpur

Sahib

The Anandpur Sahib block has a respectful position in Sikh history. The

establishment of Khalsa Panth was held at Anandpur Sahib in April 13, 1699 by tenth

guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Gobind Singh. The geographical area of the Anandpur Sahib

block is same as Nurpur Bedi block and same problems occurred at this place also. To

know the accurate position about the performance of the GPWSC about Anandpur

block the analysis has been presented in table 4.20.

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Table 6.4 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance

Block Anandpur Sahib Responses


Very good


Total

Collection of beneficiaries’ shares 2 (5)

4 (10)

5 (12.5)

7 (17.5)

22 (55)

40 (100)

Help to ensure quality of products 3 (7.5)

3 (7.5)

7 (17.5)

7 (17.5)

20 (50)

40 (100)


2 (5)

4 (10)

3 (7.5)

5 (12.5)

26 (65.5)

40 (100)


1 (2.5)

2 (5)

3 (7.5)

6 (15)

28 (70)

40 (100)


3 (7.5)

1 (2.5)

2 (5)

4 (10)

30 (75)

40 (100)


members

3 (7.5)

1 (2.5)

1 (2.5)

5 (12.5)

30 (75)

40 (100)


2 (5)

3 (7.5)

4 (10)

6 (15)

25 (62.5)

40 (100)


1 (2.5)

2 (5)

4 (10)

7 (17.5)

26 (65.5)

40 (100)


1 (2.5)

1 (2.5)

1 (2.5)

7 (17.5)

30 (75)

40 (100)

Total 18 (5)

21 (5.83)

30 (8.33)

54 (15)

237 (65.84)

360 (100)


The analysis of the table indicates that situation of Anandpur Sahib was same

as other blocks of the Ropar district. The majority of the respondents 65.84 percent

have same opinion that they have no knowledge about activities of the project. The

positive opinion about the performance of GPWSCs only 5 percent respondents chose

to vote very good and same 5.83 percent in favour of good. Other side 15 percent

respondents reject the efforts of GPWSC and mentioned unsatisfactory.

6.1.6 Level of satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance at Block Chamkaur

Sahib

The Chamkaur Sahib block is another block of Ropar district where the Punjab

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation chose the villages for providing safe drinking

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water scheme. To understand the performance of GPWSCs at Chamkour Sahib block,

data in table 4.21 presents the real picture.


Chamkaur Sahib

Block Chamkaur Sahib Responses


Very good


Total


4 (10)

3 (7.5)

2 (5)

6 (15)

25 (62.5)

40 (100)

Help to ensure quality of products 4 (10)

3 (7.5)

4 (10)

5 (12.5)

24 (50)

40 (100)


3 (7.5)

2 (5)

5 (12.5)

6 (15)

24 (60)

40 (100)


3 (7.5)

3 (7.5)

3 (7.5)

4 (10)

27 (67.5)

40 (100)


2 (5)

2 (5)

5 (12.5)

2 (5)

29 (72.5)

40 (100)


members

2 (5)

1 (2.5)

4 (10)

2 (5)

31 (77.5)

40 (100)


1 (2.5)

4 (10)

3 (7.5)

3 (7.5)

29 (72.5)

40 (100)


3 (7.5)

1 (2.5)

2 (5)

1 (2.5)

33 (82.5)

40 (100)


2 (5)

3 (7.5)

1 (2.5)

3 (7.5)

31 (77.5)

200 (100)

Total 24 (6.68)

22 (6.12)

29 (8.05)

32 (8.88)

253 (70.27)

360 (100)


The data from the table indicates worst situation in the entire district. Merely

70.27 percent (N-253) respondents were unaware about the activities of the GPWSCs.

The 6.68 percent respondents chose the very good option and the same 6.12 percent

says good. On the other hand 8.88 percent respondents’ opinions were unsatisfactory

about the working of the GPWSCs, which was more than good and very good options.

It is evident from the table that the working of the GPWSCs was not up to the mark as

required and expected for the fruitful completion of the project.

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6.1.7 Level of satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Ropar District.

To get better understanding and the satisfaction level about the working of

GPWSCs in the entire Ropar district, the data has been compiled from all the other

blocks. The data from the table helps to understand the overall performance of the

GPWSCs in the whole Ropar District. The data also reflects the efforts made by the

Government apparatus for capacity building of the GPWSCs. The table 4.22 below

shows the beneficiaries satisfaction about the performance of the GPWSCs.

Table 6.6 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance of

Ropar District.

(Ropar District) Blocks

Beneficiaries (N=40 each block) Very good


Total

Ropar 26 (7.23)

36 (10)

58 (16.12)

28 (7.77)

212 (58.88)

360 (100)

Morinda 41 (11.38)

24 (6.66)

22 (6.12)

55 (15.28)

218 (60.56)

360 (100)

Nurpur Bedi 39 (10.83)

60 (16.67)

40 (11.11)

19 (5.28)

202 (56.11)

360 (100)

Anandpur Sahib 18 (5)

21 (5.83)

30 (8.33)

54 (15)

237 (65.84)

360 (100)

Chamkaur Sahib 24 (6.68)

22 (6.12)

29 (8.05)

32 (8.88)

253 (70.27)

360 (100)

Total 148 (8.22)

163 (9.06)

179 (9.94)

188 (10.44)

1122 (62.34)

1800 (100)


The analysis of the table presents the obvious picture of GPWSC’s

performance in the entire Ropar District. The figure 62.34 percent respondents say

they can’t judge the performance of the GPWSCs because they don’t even have

knowledge about the functions of the GPWSCs. This also shows the seriousness level

of the members of the GPWSCs. The data also gives the unenthusiastic reflection

about the efforts made by District Program Management Cell. The only 8.22 percent

respondents’ caste their opinion ‘very good’ which is lowest percentage in the whole

table after that 9.06 percent chose the ‘good’ options to rate the performance which is

second lowest percentage in the scale. On the other side 10.44 percent respondents

gave their negative opinion that means ‘unsatisfactory’ and this is the second highest

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percentage of the table. From the analysis of the table it’s proved that working of the

GPWSCs in the entire district was not up to the mark as much it’s required in the

successfully completion of the project.

6.2 Problems and Constraints faced by GPWSC’s

6.2.1 The Problems of the GPWSC’s as Perceived by the Members

Ideally speaking the GPWSCs has been created at the village level for the

participation of each and every section of the community and make them self reliant

in the cause of safe drinking water. But ironically, these committees instead of

helping to provide safe drinking water and participation of the large population of the

community becomes the source of panchayat politics at the village level, which

creates the problem of low interest of the committee members and leads to less

participation in the meetings, group-ism in the committee. To collect the exact

information from the GPWSCs members three point scale has been used i.e. low, high

and moderate and asked some important questions regarding the problems of

committee members which is mentioned in the Table 4.18.

Table 6.7 The Problems of the GPWSCs Perceived By GPWSC’s.

Responses GPWSCs Members (N=100)

Low Moderate High Total Lack of interest of the members in the functioning of the GPWSCs 12

(12) 10

(10) 78

(78) 100

(100) Members do not attend the meetings 20

(20) 17

(17) 63

(63) 100

(100) Election process of the members not sufficient 27

(27) 12

(12) 61

(61) 100

(100) Only chairman is the overall authority of the committee 8

(8) 25

(25) 67

(67) 100

(100) No incentives to the members 40

(40) 40

(40) 20

(20) 100

(100) Don’t have knowledge about the functioning of committee 5

(5) 10

(10) 85

(85) 100

(100) Group-ism among the village people 12

(12) 23

(23) 65

(65) 100

(100)


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The present analysis provides the clear cut picture about the problem within

the committee members. The scale used in present table i.e. low, moderate and high

helps to make out the real feeling of the members about the problems of the

committee. The majority 78 percent of the GPWSC’s members respond high in

response of lack of the interest of the members about the functioning of GPWSC’s,

only 10 percent respond moderate and 12 percent low. This shows that the members

of committee are always busy in their day to day activities and did not take it serious

about the role and responsibilities of the committee. The members do not attend the

meetings 63 percent respond high, 17 percent moderate and 20 percent respond low;

again from this analysis it shows that due to lack of interest in the activities of the

GPWSC committee members do not attend the meetings. The responses about the

selection process of the committee members’ 61 percent respondents were high. Its

shows that the members of the committee are also not satisfied about the procedure

which was followed to select the committee members. It can be the main reason why

the members did not participate in the activities of the committee. The present

sarpanch of the community is the chairman of the committee and the chairman is the

overall authority of the committee 67 percent responds are high in this concern, 12

percent moderate and 27 percent low. Other important aspect, which can be a

motivation for the committee members is no incentive given to the members

surprisingly only 20 percent respond high in this matter rest is 40 percent moderate

and again 40 percent is low. It makes clear that the committee members are not

bothered about the honorarium. The analysis also present the shocking figures that the

committee members do not have knowledge about the functioning of the committee

majority 85 percent respond high, 10 percent moderate and only 5 percent low. The

analysis also raises the figure about the functioning of the DPMC (District Program

Management Cell), which is reliable to train the committee members about the role

and responsibilities of the members. The analysis about the groupism in the village

people shows that 65 percent respond high, 23 percent moderate and only 12 percent

is low. It is the major reason behind the local people divided in political groups

between the ruling party and opposition party and the main aim of safe drinking water

is nobody’s concern. It is none of both party’s agenda.

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6.2.2 The Technical Problems Faced by the GPWSC’s

This section provides the imperative knowledge about the problem faced by

GPWSCs due to non technical knowledge of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation Project. The lack of technical knowledge about the project is one of the

major obstacles for non proper functioning of this project. The project has provision

for distribution of technical manual for the committee members which is not sufficient

for better functioning of this project. So they also have provision of technical training

to the committee members on very sensitive matters like invitation of bids, evaluation

of bids and award of bids for the vendors. The others technical problems are like

joining and laying of pipes, quality of the products, standards of material for

construction of water storage tank etc. The technical training to the committee

members has been provided as per the project guidelines. The Table 4.18 shows the

analysis of the training and its impact on the committee members. The response “Yes”

considered that training has been given on such topic and “No” for no training has

been given on that topic.

Table 6.8 The Technical Problems Faced by the GPWSCs.

Responses GPWSCs Members (N=100)

Yes No Total Invitation of Bids 5

(5) 95

(95) 100

(100) Evaluation of Bids 2

(2) 98

(98) 100

(100) Award of Bids 2

(2) 98

(98) 100

(100) Joining and laying of pipes 3

(3) 97

(97) 100

(100) Providing private house hold connections 5

(5) 95

(95) 100

(100) Repairs of pipes 3

(3) 97

(97) 100

(100) Quality of the products 1

(1) 99

(99) 100

(100) Standards of material for construction 1

(1) 99

(99) 100

(100)


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Against this scenario, an attempt has been made in this section to explore the

problems faced by the GPWSCs members due to lack of technical knowledge and

designed curriculum of training fails to make dent on the knowledge of the committee

members. The Table 4.18 shows the responses of the GPWSC members about

whether training of such topics has been given or not. The calling of tenders is one of

the difficult and technical tasks for the respondents. About the invitation of bids

majority 95 percent say no response, only 5 percent say yes and some are the

responses on evaluation of bids. 98 percent say no training has been given on such

task. The response like awards of bids same as evaluation of bids. 98 percent say no

training has been given on it. The joining and laying of the pipes is also a technical

task 97 percent response is negative regarding training on these aspects.

The project also has the task for GPWSCs members for providing house hold

water supply connections, 95 percent say they did not get training in this regard.

Concerning the repairs of pipes only 3 percent gave positive response, rest 97 percent

gave negative response. Quality of the product which could be procured from the

different vendor’s (99 percent) respondents says no, they did not get any training in

this regard. The minimum and maximum standards of the material which could be

used during the construction of water supply tank, 99 percent, had same negative

response. The majority of the GPWSCs members have no knowledge about the

technical aspects of the project and the reason behind were that the DPMC and SPMC

did not provide any training to the members which lead to technical problems faced

by the committee members.

6.2.3 The Finance Related Problems faced by the GPMSC’s

This section emphasizes on finance related problems faced by the GPMSCs.

Finance is the other essential aspect of this project and one of the difficult task

performed by the GPWSCs. The memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed

between the district program management cell (DPMC) and GPWSC make clear cut

instructions that some of the financial tasks will be performed by the committees so

that community development and self reliance to the community people at the village

level can be done. There are some following financial related activities and problems

faced by the GPWSCs.

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1. Collecting of Beneficiaries shares.

2. Maintaining Financial Register.

3. Follow up Financial Manual.

4. Preparing Financial Report.

5. Maintaining Bank Account.

To get the appropriate result three point scale has been used in the table i.e.

yes fully matter, somewhat matter and not at all the Table 4.19 shows the result of this

section

Table 6.9 The Finance Related Problems Faced by the GPWSC’s.

Problems GPWSCs Members (N=100)

Yes fully matter Somewhat matter Not at all Total

Collecting of Beneficiaries shares 60

(60)

20

(20)

20

(20)

100

(100)

Maintaining Financial Register 80

(80)

14

(14)

6

(6)

100

(100)

Follow up Financial Manual 85

(85)

13

(13)

2

(2)

100

(100)

Preparing Financial Report 75

(75)

15

(15)

10

(10)

100

(100)

Maintaining Bank Accounts 60

(60)

25

(25)

15

(15)

100

(100)


It is clear from the analysis from Table 4.19 that the major focus is on the

financial problem faced by the GPWSCs. The very first problem collection of

beneficiaries’ shares shows that respondent 60 percent respondents say that this

problem is fully matter, 20 percent somewhat and 20 percent not at all. The other

important aspects of the financial tasks i.e. maintaining financial register 80 percent

cast yes fully matter another 14 percent says somewhat matter and only 20 percent

respond not at all.

142

The financial manual of the project is well drafted professionally but the

language that is used in it can be understood only by the person who is trained in

finance related activities or academically qualifies in finance related subject. But the

GPWSCs members are not as much professionally qualified as required to understand

and follow that financial manual so the follow up and the financial manual becomes a

problem for the GPWSCs, 85 percent responded that its fully matter, other 13percent

respond somewhat matter and only 2 percent respond not at all.

Preparing financial report by the GPWSCs members is another important task

as well problem for the GPWSCs members because preparing report is another

professionally qualified task and no training has been so designed that the committee

members could perform this task easily. For that matter majority 75 percent respond

that it’s fully matter, 15 percent respond somewhat and only 10 percent respond not at

all.

Last but not the least problem faced by the GPWSCs is maintaining bank

account in the name of GPWSC, 60 percent respond fully matter, 25 percent respond

somewhat matter and 15 percent respond not at all.

6.2.4 Co-operation Relating Problems Faced by the GPWSC’s

The project is designed to self reliant the community people in issue of safe

drinking water. The formation of GPWSC provides a platform to every section of the

village to work under one roof so that the community development through

community participation can be done. Thus the co-operation of the community

people, GPWSC members, rural water supply department and District program

management cell is very significant for effective working of the GPWSCs, but when

the co-operation from these bodies is not well as required then it becomes a problem

for the GPWSCs members. This section provides the transparent response from the

respondents in Table 4.20.

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Table 6.10 Co-operation Relating Problems Faced by the GPWSCs.

GPWSCs Members (N=100) Co-operation of the village people

Problems Fully cooperated

Somewhat Cooperated

Not at all

Total

Collection of beneficiaries Shares 5 (5)

10 (10)

85 (85)

100 (100)

Selection of land for Scheme 20 (20)

32 (32)

48 (48)

100 (100)

Providing House hold connection 39 (39)

21 (21)

40 (40)

100 (100)

Deciding monthly bills water supply 11 (11)

19 (19)

70 (70)

100 (100)

Co-operation from Rural water supply and sanitation department (RWSS) Selection of Scheme 75

(75) 15

(15) 10

(10) 100

(100) Technical aspects of project 15

(15) 25

(25) 60

(60) 100

(100) Training on Technical aspects 13

(13) 15

(15) 72

(72) 100

(100) Use of appropriate technology 25

(25) 21

(21) 54

(54) 100

(100) Co-operation from District Program Management Cell (DPMC)

Awareness about project to community

59 (59)

20 (20)

21 (21)

100 (100)

Collection of Beneficiaries Shares 9 (9)

11 (11)

80 (80)

100 (100)

Maintaining liaison between GPWSC, RWSS and SPMC

77 (77)

13 (13)

10 (10)

100 (100)

Co-operation from fellow GPWSC Members Collection of beneficiaries Shares 27

(27) 43

(43) 30

(30) 100

(100) Selection of land for Scheme 68

(68) 29

(29) 33

(33) 100

(100) Providing House hold connection 70

(70) 19

(19) 11

(11) 100

(100)


The analysis of the problems relating to the cooperation from the different

bodies associates with this project has been done in this section. Community is the

beneficiaries of this project and project is designed for the participation of people

through the working body of GPWSC therefore the cooperation of the community

144

people is well required. During the collection of beneficiaries shares cooperation by

the village people has been assessed through the scale respondents only 5 percent

fully cooperated that’s means less cooperation from the village people, 10 respond

somewhat cooperated and majority 85 percent respond not at all. Selection of land for

scheme is matter well because water supply tank will be constructed on that place so

consent of village people for common place is matter but the cooperation on that

aspect only 20 percent fully cooperated, 32 percent somewhat cooperated and

majority 48 percent not at all.

Providing house hold connection is an important task of the GPWSC. It’s a

matter on the quality and pressure level water supply for every house hold. Therefore,

full cooperation is required but the result only 39 percent respond full cooperation, 21

percent somewhat and large proportion 40 percent not at all. Deciding the rates of

monthly bills is the task that effects every section of the community as a result the

cooperation of village people required and respondent only 11 percent respond to full

cooperation. The 19 percent respondents say somewhat cooperated and majority 70

percent not at all. That means in this aspects village community has reduced amount

of cooperation given to the GPWSC, which results in problem to GPWSC.

The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department (RWSS) is one of the

important parts of the project. RWSS department is closely associated to the GPWSCs

especially the task related to technical aspects; consequently the large amount of the

cooperation is required from the department. Selection of the schemes is important

aspects. All the schemes under this project is tube well based so there are no other

options on that aspect and 75 percent respond fully cooperated, 15 percent somewhat

cooperated and only 10 percent not at all. In technical aspects of the project only 15

percent respondents, 25 percent somewhat cooperated and majority 60 percent

responded not at all. So far as training on technical aspects of the project is concerned

just 13 percent fully cooperated, 15 percent somewhat cooperated and mainstream 72

percent respond not at all. Use of appropriate technology merely 25 percent fully

cooperated, 21 percent somewhat cooperated and 54 percent widely held for not at all.

District program management cell is the most important part after the GPWSCs in this

project. The DPMC is the only body in the project, which is fully equipped with all

the resources relating to achieving the desired goals of the project. For that reason

145

cooperation is required from the DPMC. Awareness about the project to community

majority 59 percent responded fully cooperated, 20 percent somewhat and 21 percent

not at all responded. Collection of beneficiaries’ shares is overturned only 9 percent

respond fully cooperated, 11 percent somewhat cooperated and large number of

respondent 80 percent respond not at all. Maintaining liaison between GPWSC,

RWSS, SPMC analysis brings positive response 77 percent responded fully

cooperated and 13 percent somewhat cooperated and only 10 percent respond not at

all.

As it has been mentioned already mention that the GPWSC is the most

important part of the project. Thus the cooperation of fellow members is required to

achieve the desired goals of the project. The functions relating to collection of

beneficiaries, shares analysis provide the mixed response 27 percent respond fully

cooperated, 43 percent somewhat cooperated and 30 percent not at all. Selection of

land for the scheme large number of respondents 68 percent responded fully

cooperated, 29 percent responded somewhat cooperated and 33 percent not at all.

Providing the house hold connection majority 70 percent responded fully cooperated

and 19 percent somewhat cooperated and only 11 percent responded not at all.

6.3 Suggestions Furnished By the GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries.

6.3.1 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the

DPMC, SPMC and RWSS Department

This section mainly emphases on the suggestions given by the GPWSCs

member and beneficiaries of the project. The Punjab Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation Project aims to provide safe drinking water with the participation of the

community people or beneficiaries. The beneficiaries play crucial part in this project,

so it is the duty of GPWSC to take suggestion through meetings and implement the

appropriate suggestions. As also the GPWSCs members can give suggestions to

DPMC and again it’s the responsibility of the DPMC to understand and take

appropriate action. The beneficiaries and GPWSC members both have grass route

level knowledge of their villages so the suggestions given by both make dent for

development of the project. The Table 4.21 shows the suggestions given by the

GPWSC members and beneficiaries to the DPMC, SPMC, and RWSS Department.

146

Table 6.11 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the

DPMC, SPMC and RWSS Department.

Suggestions GPWSC Members

Beneficiaries Total

Should aware to people about important of PRWSS Project

11 (11)

43 (21.5)

54 (18)

Technical Knowledge should be given to Beneficiaries/ GPWSC Members

11 (11)

42 (21)

53 (17.67)

Technical Manual should be provided to each GPWSC member

39 (39)

16 (8)

55 (18.33)

Training should be given to financial Management 4 (4)

26 (13)

30 (10)

Technical assistance should be provided on Operation and Management of Scheme

35 (35)

73 (36.5)

108 (36)

Total 100 (100)

200 (100)

300 (100)


In this chapter, an effort has been made to present the overall analysis of the

empirical data. The section has provided the figure about the suggestion given by the

GPWSCs members and beneficiaries of the project on the important aspects of the

project. The section firstly suggests relating to the awareness to people about

important of PRWSS Project 54 (18 percent) respondents have given priority to it. 53

(17.67 percent) responded that technical knowledge should be given to the

beneficiaries and GPWSC members. The analysis shows the data about the 55 (18.33)

technical manual should be provided to each GPWSC member. The other important

aspects 30 (10 percent) responded to that the training should be given to financial

management. Last but not the least 108 (36) technical assistance should be provided

on operation and management of Scheme.

6.3.2 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the

NGOs, World Bank and Government

As we discussed in earlier chapter regarding the suggestion that it played

crucial role in this project so, this section is targeting the suggestion given by the

GPWSCs members and beneficiaries of the project to the NGOs, World Bank and

government as well. The appropriate suggestions have been shortlisted and response

has been taken through the three point scale i.e. fully agreed, somewhat agreed, don’t

know. The Table 4.21 has been divided in to three parts the first on e represents the

suggestions given for NGOs and second part shows the suggestions given to World

147

Bank and the last part shows the suggestions given to the government. The data in the

Table 4.21 provides the overall information.

Table 6.12 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the

NGOs, World Bank and Government.

(Part I) Suggestions Given to NGO,s

GPWSC Members Beneficiaries Total

Suggestions Fully Agreed

Some what

Agreed

Don’t know

Total Fully Agreed

Some what

Agreed

Don’t Know

Total Fully Agreed

Somewhat Agreed

Don’t know

Total

Should make people aware

about important of safe drinking

water

85 (85)

10 (10)

5 (5)

100 (100)

136 (68)

44 (22)

20 (10)

200 (100)

221 (73.67)

54 (18)

25 (8.33)

300 (100)


about harm of wasting water

66 (66)

32 (32)

2 (2)

100 (100)

99 (49.5)

40 (20)

61 (30.5)

200 (100)

165 (55)

72 (24)

63 (21)

300 (100)


about important of Participation in PRWSS

Project

75 (75)

21 (21)

4 (4)

100 (100)

144 (72)

40 (20)

16 (8)

200 (100)

219 (73)

61 (20.33)

20 (6.67)

300 (100)

(Part II) Suggestions given to World Bank Committee should be

given more powers

75 (75)

15 (15)

10 (10)

100 (100)

44 (22)

140 (70)

16 (8)

200 (100)

119 (39.67)

155 (51.67)

26 (8.67)

300 (100)

IEC should be more effective

at village Level

60 (60)

25 (25)

15 (15)

100 (100)

170 (85)

20 (10)

10 (5)

200 (100)

230 (76.67)

45 (15)

25 (8.33)

300 (100)

All IEC material

should be in local language

72 (72)

15 (15)

13 (13)

100 (100)

156 (78)

25 (12.5)

19 (9.5)

200 (100)

228 (76)

40 (13.33)

32 (10.67)

300 (100)

Technical trainings should be given to

Committee members

82 (82)

12 (12)

6 (6)

100 (100)

70 (35)

40 (20)

90 (45)

200 (100)

152 (50.67)

52 (17.33)

96 (32)

300 (100)

Visit tour to successful scheme

74 (74)

21 (21)

5 (5)

100 (100)

60 (30)

30 (15)

110 (55)

200 (100)

134 (44.67)

51 (17)

115 (38.33)

300 (100)

(Part III) Suggestions Given to Government GWSC

Members should be

given Honorarium

59 (59)

20 (20)

21 (21)

100 (100)

40 (20)

40 (20)

120 (60)

200 (100)

99 (33)

60 (20)

141 (47)

300 (100)

District Administration

should pay more attention to this Project

80 (80)

11 (11)

9 (9)

100 (100)

190 (95)

5 (2.5)

5 (2.5)

200 (100)

270 (90)

16 (5.33)

14 (4.67)

300 (100)


148

Table represents the suggestions given by the GPWSC and beneficiaries of the

project. These suggestions have been given to the various important bodies like

NGOs, World Bank and Government. The data divide it in to mainly three parts

according to the suggestions given by respondents. In the (Part I) suggestions given to

the NGOs that the NGOs should make people aware to about the important of safe

drinking water greater part N=221 (73.67 percent) fully agreed, 18 percent somewhat

agreed and only 8.33 percent don’t have any information about it. N=165 (55 percent)

fully agreed about that NGOs should make people aware about harms of wasting

water, 24 percent respond somewhat agreed and 21 percent respond don’t know.

Another suggestion to the NGOs that NGOs should aware to peoples about

importance of Participation in PRWSS Project, majority of the respondents N=219

(73 percent) fully agreed, 20.33 percent responded somewhat agreed and very little

part of respondents 6.67 percent responded don’t know.

The Part II represents the suggestion given to the world bank and the first

suggestion given by respondent that the committees should be given more powers and

majority of the respondents N=155 (51.27 percent) somewhat agreed, 39.67 percent

respondents fully agreed and only 8.67 percent responded don’t know. The other

suggestion that the Information, Education, Communication should be more effective

at village Level N=230 (7667) fully agreed, 15 percent respondents somewhat agreed

and only 8.33 percent responded don’t know. The another suggestion that is given to

the World Bank is all the IEC (information, education and communication) material

should be in local language the large number of respondents N=228 (76 percent)

fully agreed, 45 percent respondents somewhat agreed and 10.67 percent respond

don’t know. The suggestions regarding that the technical training should be given to

committee members N=152 (50.67 percent) fully agreed, 17.33 percent responded

somewhat agreed and 10.67 percent responded don’t know. The important suggestion

the visit tour to the successful scheme N=134 (44.67 percent) responded fully agreed,

17 percent somewhat agreed and 38.33 percent responded don’t know.

Part III presents the analysis of the suggestions given to the government and

the first suggestion is GPWSCs members should be given honorarium. There was

contradiction has been analysis in this part is 59 percent fully agreed respondents

represent the GPWSCs and only 20 percent beneficiaries agreed with this statement

149

and total majority N=141 (47 percent) don’t know respond and 60 percent somewhat

agreed and only 33 percent fully agreed. The last but important suggestion given to

the government that district administration should pay more attention to this project

majority N=270 (90 percent) respondents fully agreed and 5.33 percent respondents

somewhat agreed and only 4.67 percent did not know.

6.4 Social Work Intervention

Social work profession provides various intervention strategies to individuals,

families and groups in order to assist them with their day to day needs and issues.

Interventions are intended to aid clients in alleviating problems impeding their well-

being. The interventions used by social work professionals are those that are

identified as potentially helpful on the basis of the social work profession ongoing

assessment of the client or problem. Social work researcher, work in many different

types of settings like community organization, community participation including

rural water supply and sanitation. Professional social work now involved in the field

of drinking rural water supply and sanitation. The trend of rural water supply and

sanitation has been changed in India, since the malfunctioning of many projects

initiative by government and other partner’s. The community participation in field of

rural water supply and sanitation has been emerged in last decade thus the need of

social work intervention felt in the same. The Punjab Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation Project depended on community participation, which cannot be achievable

without community participation. To achieve this objective, social work intervention

has been carried on below aspects of the Role of Gram Panchayat Rural Water Supply

and Sanitation in Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project.

1. Social Work Intervention on technical aspects.

2. Social Work Intervention to improve the level of awareness of GPWSC members

and beneficiaries.

6.4.1 Social Work Intervention on Technical Aspects

Social work professionals can use numerous techniques and methods for

improving the knowledge base of GPWSC members on various technical aspects of

150

Punjab Rural water Supply and Sanitation Project. The social work intervention has

been framed for below mention issues regarding the technical aspects of the project.

1. Knowledge about technical aspect given to GPWSC Members

2. Trained NGO staff.

3. To understand technical manual provided to GPWSC members.

4. Training given on Financial Management to GPWSC members.

5. Training given on Operation and Management to GPWSC members.

6. To generate awareness among community members about importance of water.

A. Knowledge about Technical Aspect Given to GPWSC Members

There are various issues regarding the technical aspects of Punjab Rural Water

supply and Sanitation. There is immediate need for social work intervention on

different technical issues of the project. The researcher during the research found that

awareness level regarding the technical aspects of the GPWSC members was of very

little especially in terms of invitation of bids, award of bids, jointing and lying of

pipes, providing private house hold connections, repairs of pipes. The social work

professionals can use the techniques as a motivator, educator, and mediator. The

members of GPWSC are taking every section of the community and they have their

own occupations and busy to their routine house hold works. It is very difficult to

spare time for various jobs under the project. The social worker has required

knowledge about values, traditions and customs specially occupation of the

community. The social worker can motivate the community members with their skill

to gather for taking technical training from the DPMC (District Program Management

Cell). There is another problem of liasoning between DPMC staff and GPWSC

members being the social work professional it is very much possible with their skill,

liaison can made between GPWSC members and DPMC staff. The social worker also

can work as educator because the technical staff of the DPMC cannot be departing

knowledge in local language. The social worker can make understand technical

aspects to the GPWSC members in local language. So the problem of technical

aspects can be resolved with social work intervention.

151

B. Skill Development of NGO’s Staff

The Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project especially designed to

provide safe drinking water to rural communities, where a small number of NGO’s

(Non Government Organization) working. The need of qualified NGO’s and skilled

NGO staff felt in these communities. Through the social work intervention skilled

NGO staff can be prepared as an educator for better functioning of GPWSC.

C. To Understand the Financial Management Manual to GPWSC Members

The Financial Management Manual (FMM) has been designed with a view to

build on and modernizes the current accounting system to meet the requirement of the

project. The social work intervention also required to understand financial

management to Gram Panchayat, GPWSC members for the fulfillment of this

objective social work intervention can be done through the joint group discussion

between the members of GPWSC and technical staff of the DPMC. A special training

could be organized for the members of GPWSC where all the technical aspects of the

financial management manual can be resolved.

D. Intervention required in Operation and Management (O&M) to GPWSC

members.

Operation and Management is another important issue for triumphant

functioning of the GPWSC. Operation and management is specially premeditated to

smooth functioning of the scheme, which includes the caretaking of the machine and

pump, caretaking of water storage tank and building, salary for staff, electricity bills

etc. social work intervention can be done through the special training with the help of

DPMC technical staff. The group discussion can be hold between the technical staff

panchayat members and GPWSC members to resolve the complicated aspect of the

operation and management.

2. Social Work Intervention to improve the level of awareness of GPWSC

members and beneficiaries of the PRWSS project.

The core objective of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project

was to made rural population self reliant in field of water supply and sanitation. The

152

project was brilliantly designed to implement in rural areas of Punjab. During the field

work for the purpose of data collection the researcher found that the implementation

of the project in communities was not up to mark. The awareness level of about the

activities of project and role of GPWSC members and importance of beneficiaries’

participation was below average. The need of social work intervention required to

improve the level of awareness among the GPWSC members and beneficiaries about

the role of GPWSC and importance of beneficiaries’ participation in the project. The

social work intervention was arranged at multiple levels as following.

A. To generate awareness among the GPWSC members and beneficiaries

about the importance of drinking water.

Social work intervention is required to a great extent about generating

awareness among the GPWSC members on the importance of drinking water on

aspects like improving the availability of drinking water, water quality and

contamination including diarrhea and other major diseases and water safety indicators

and treatment. The professional social worker intervention can be done through

following methods.

i. Educational Groups

ii. Advocacy

iii. Demonstration

iv. Tours to model village

I. Educational Groups

The social work intervention through the educational groups can be dent the

carelessness in relation to safe drinking water. During the research the researcher

found that the level of awareness of GPWSC members and community was incredibly

low down. The educational groups can be formed two typed, first the school level

educational groups and second youth clubs as an educational group. The first type of

educational groups can be formed with the students of elementary level the group will

be trained and educated about the importance of water. These groups can spread the

awareness to their families and neighbourhood. Second typed educational groups

youth club members from the concern communities can be motivated and trained

153

about the important aspects of water and they will spread the awareness to the other

communities’ members.

II. Advocacy

Social work intervention can be done about the issue of importance of

drinking water. The professional social worker can use the informal leader of the

community and can be made conscious about the issue of importance of safe drinking

water. The informal leaders like retired employees, ex- army persons and numberdar,

these people have great grip on the whole community. The social worker will aware

about the issue related to water and these people can do advocacy to the whole

community.

III. Demonstrations

The professional social worker can intervene about the issue of importance of

drinking water through the demonstration. The demonstrations fair can be organized

with the help of DPMC and SPMC. The audio video material can be used to sensitize

the community members and model of successful project can be shown to these

people. The students from the all nearby schools can be visit.

IV. Tours to Model Villages

The Social work intervention can be done through tour to the model villages.

The professional social worker with the financial help from the DPMC and SPMC

visit tour to the model village can be organized. The members of GPWSC and Gram

Panchayat can be sensitizing to the visit to model village. There could be discussion

on good practices from the community members of the model village.

B. To Generate Awareness among the GPWSC Members and Beneficiaries

about the Importance of PRWSS Project in General

The researcher during the research found the evident about the GPWSC

members and community members have less knowledge about the project in general

such as the activities of the project, role and functions of GPWSC, importance of

community participation. The GPWSC plays the very important role in this project so

154

it’s become very important that the GPWSC members and community members

should have knowledge of the role and functions of the project. To improve the

awareness, transparency of financial activities, coordination between the GPWSC

members and beneficiaries of the project is required. To achieve the purpose joint

discussion meetings has been organized between the GPWSC members and

beneficiaries of the project. The focused group discussion also organized with help of

information education and communication specialist from district program

management cell. To sensitize the community member researcher motivated the youth

club members to organized rally with help of schools children. The rally made dent to

community members and which help to create interest to participate in project.

C. Motivate the Community Members to Participate in Water Management.

Water management at village level another important challenge because the

rural water supply and sanitation project only emphases to provide house hold water

tab connections but there is no any provision in project to motivate the community

members to save the water or proper use of water. During the field visit the researcher

found that community people save no knowledge about the water management and

importance of safe water. The wastage of water by the community members were at

large level. The immoral practices of using water like water connection without tab

which waste the water. The cattle washing with tab water also another practice of

wastage water.

Conclusion

The present chapter, throw the light upon the evaluation of activities by

beneficiaries and problems and constraints faced by GPWSC. The facts from the

evaluation of performance of the GPWSC present the clear cut picture about the real

situation at village level in concern to safe drinking water. Collections of the facts in

this section, present the real pictures to know the extent of satisfaction of beneficiaries

for the purpose five point scales has been used, i.e. good, very good, satisfactory,

unsatisfactory and don’t know. To compare the result of different blocks the data has

been divided between the five blocks i.e. Ropar, Morinda, Nurpur bedi, Anandpur

Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib.

155

The analysis from the data presents the pathetic picture about the working of

the GPWSCs in Ropar district. The majority 62.34 percent respondents say they

cannot judge the performance of the GPWSCs because they were unaware about the

functions of the GPWSCs. The data also revealed the unenthusiastic sign about the

efforts made by District Program Management Cell and other government machinery.

The beneficiaries also have clear cut opinion about the performance of the GPWSC

that the reason only 8.22 percent respondents caste their opinion ‘very good’ which is

lowest percentage in whole table after that 9.06 percent chose the ‘good’ options to

rate the performance which is second lowest percentage in scale. On the other side

10.44 percent respondents gave their negative opinion means ‘unsatisfactory’ and this

is second highest percentage of the table. From the analysis of the table it’s proved

that working of the GPWSCs in entire district was not up to the mark as is required in

successfully completion of the project.

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