CHAPTER TWO Traits, Motives, and Characteristics of Leaders.
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Transcript of CHAPTER TWO Traits, Motives, and Characteristics of Leaders.
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CHAPTER TWO
Traits, Motives, and Characteristics of
Leaders
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Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved 2 - 2
Learning Objectives
• Identify general and task-related traits that contribute to leadership effectiveness.
• Describe how emotional intelligence contributes to leadership effectiveness.
• Identify key motives that contribute to leadership effectiveness.
• Describe cognitive factors associated with leadership effectiveness.
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Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved 2 - 3
Learning Objectives
• Discuss the heredity versus environment issue in relation to leadership effectiveness.
• Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the trait approach to leadership.
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Universal Theory of Leadership
• The belief that certain personal characteristics and skills contribute to leadership effectiveness in many situations
• Three categories:– Personality traits– Motives– Cognitive factors
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Leader Personality Traits
• General Personality Traits– Traits observable both within and outside the
context of work
• Task-Related Personality Traits– Traits closely associated with task
accomplishment
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General Personality Traits of Effective Leaders
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Task-Related Personality Traits of Leaders
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Leadership Motives
• Leaders generally have a strong desire to influence and control others
• This desire is evident in four needs or motives
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Leadership Motives
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Cognitive Factors
• Leaders must have problem-solving and intellectual skills to effectively gather, process, and store essential information
• Five cognitive factors related to leadership effectiveness have been identified
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Cognitive Factors and Leadership
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Nature versus Nurture
• Are leaders born or are they made? Both.
• Individuals inherit a basic capacity to develop personality traits and mental ability that sets an outer limit on how extensively these traits can be developed
• Environmental influences, in turn, determine how much of an individual’s potential will be developed
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Trait Approach
• Strengths– Serves as a guide to
leader selection
– Can guide individuals in preparing for leadership
• Limitations– Does not identify
which characteristics are absolutely needed
– Does not specify how much of a trait or characteristic is needed
– Can breed an elitist conception of leadership
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Summary
• The universal theory of leadership asserts that certain personality traits, leader motives, and cognitive factors contribute to leadership effectiveness
• Personality traits include both general traits and task-related traits
• Leaders can often be distinguished by their needs or motives
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Summary
• Mental ability is important for leadership success
• Traits, motives, and characteristics required for leadership are a combination of heredity and environment
• Traits do appear to distinguish leaders from nonleaders and effective leaders from less-effective leaders