CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change World Civilizations, The Global...
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CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Transcript of CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change World Civilizations, The Global...
CHAPTER TWENTY-TWOAsian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the EuropeansII. Ming China: A Global Mission RefusedIII. Fending Off the West: Japan's Reunification and the First Challenge
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans
European discoveriesProducts not wanted in EastMuslim traders: Indian Ocean, southern AsiaMissionary activity blocked by IslamAsian political divisions advantageous
The Asian Trading Network, c. 1500Arab zone
Glass, carpet, tapestries
Indian zoneCotton textiles
Chinese zonePaper, porcelain, silk goods
Marginal regionsJapan, southeast Asia, east AfricaRaw materials
Ivory, spices
Routes and Major Products Exchanged in the Asian Trading Network,
c. 1500
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans
A. Trading Empire: The Portuguese Response to the Encounter at Calicut
Portuguese use military force
Diu, 1509
Defeat Egyptian-Indian fleet
Forts for defense (where are all of these?)
Ormuz, 1507
Goa, 1510
Malacca
Goal: monopolize spice trade, control all shipping
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans
B. Portuguese Vulnerability and the Rise of the Dutch and English Trading Empires
17th century
English and Dutch challenge Portuguese control with
COMPANIES
Dutch
1620, take Malacca
Fort built at Batavia, 1620
Concentrate on certain spices
Generally use force less
Use traditional system
English
India (what allows them to take over?)
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans
C. Going Ashore: European Tribute Systems in AsiaEuropeans restricted to coastlines
permission needed to trade inland
Sporadic conflict Portuguese, Dutch use force in Sri Lanka
CinnamonSpanish
PhilippinesTake North
D. Spreading the Faith:
The Missionary Enterprise in South and Southeast Asia
Robert Di NobiliItalian Jesuit1660s, conversion of upper-caste Indians (does it work?)
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Ming China: A Global Mission Refused
Ming dynasty (1368-1644) Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang
Helps expel MongolsTakes name Hongwu, 1368Mongols forced north of Great Wall
A. Another Scholar-Gentry Revival
Restoration of scholar-gentryHigh officesImperial schools restoredCivil service exam re-established
B. Reform: Hongwu's Efforts to Root Out Abuses in Court Politics
Chief ministerPosition abolishedHongwu takes powers
Imperial wives from modest families
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Ming China: A Global Mission Refused
C. A Return to Scholar-Gentry Social DominanceAgricultural reforms
To improve peasants' livesBalanced by encroaching landlord power
Women
ConfinedBearing male children stressed
D. An Age of Growth: Agriculture, Population, Commerce, and the Arts
American food cropsMarginal lands farmed
Chinese manufactured goods in demand
Merchants profit
Patronage of fine arts
Innovations in literatureWoodblock printing
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Ming China: A Global Mission Refused
E. An Age of Expansion: The Zenghe ExpeditionsEmperor Yunglo
1405-1423, expeditionsIndian OceanAfrican coastPersiaAdmiral Zenghe
F. Chinese Retreat and the Arrival of the Europeans
Isolationist policy(1390, overseas trade limited)
TWO PORTSMissionaries
Franciscans, DominicansJesuits try to convert elite
Matteo Ricci, Adam Schall
Find place at courtNot much success at conversion
Ming China and the Zenghe Expedition, 1405-1423
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Ming China: A Global Mission Refused
G. Ming Decline and the Chinese PredicamentWeak leaders
Public works
Failures leading to starvation, rebellion
Landlords exploitative
1644, dynasty overthrown
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Fending Off the West: Japan's Reunification and the First Challenge
NobunagaDaimyoUse of firearmsDeposes Ashikaga shogun, 1573
Killed, 1582
Toyotomo HideyoshiNobunaga's general1590, rules JapanInvades Korea, unsuccessfulDies, 1598 Succession struggle
Tokugawa IeyasuEmerges victorious1603, appointed shogunEdo (Tokyo)
Direct rule of HonshuRestoration of unity
250-year rule by Tokugawas
Japan During the Rise of the Tokugawa Shogunate
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Fending Off the West: Japan's Reunification and the First Challenge
A. Dealing with the European ChallengeTraders, missionaries to Japan since 1543
Firearms, clock, presses for Japanese silver,copper, finished goods
Nobunaga protects Jesuits
to counter Buddhist power
Hideyoshi less tolerant
Buddhists now weak
Chapter 22: Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Fending Off the West: Japan's Reunification and the First Challenge
B. Japan's Self-Imposed IsolationForeign influence restricted from 1580s
Christianity
Persecutions by 1590s
Banned, 1614
Ieyasu
Increased isolation
1616, merchants restricted
By 1630, Japanese ships forbidden to sail overseas
By 1640s
Dutch, Chinese visit only at Deshima island
Complete isolation from mid-1600s
Tokugawa
Neo-Confucian revival
Replaced by National Learning school
