Chapter Twenty One Enzymes and Vitamins. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights...

Chapter Chapter Twenty OneTwenty One

Enzymes and Vitamins

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 21 | 2

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© Mark E. Gibson / CORBIS

← CO 21.1


← Fig. 21.1 Bread dough rises as a result of the action of yeast enzymes.

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Steven Needham / Envision


Table 21.1

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→ Fig. 21.2 The active site of an enzyme is usually a crevice-like region formed as a result of the protein’s secondary and tertiary structural characteristics.

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Fig. 21.3 The lock-and-key model for enzyme activity.

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Fig. 21.4 The induced-fit model for enzyme activity.

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← Fig. 21.5 A schematic diagram representing amino acid R group interactions that bind a substrate to an enzyme active site.

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→ Fig. 21.6 A graph showing the effect of temperature on the rate of enzymatic reaction.

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Meckles / Ottawa / Photo Researchers

→ CC 21.1


← Fig. 21.7 A graph showing the effect of pH on the rate of enzymatic reaction.

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© Leonard Lessin / Peter Arnold, Inc. © Leonard Lessin / Peter Arnold, Inc.

→ CC 21.2


→ Table 21.2

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→ Fig. 21.8 A graph showing the change in enzyme activity with a change in substrate concentration.

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← Fig. 21.9 A graph showing the change in reaction rate with a change in enzyme concentration for an enzymatic reaction.

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CAG 21.1


→ Fig. 21.10 A comparison of an enzyme with a substance at its active site (a) and an enzyme with a competitive inhibitor at its active site (b).

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← Fig. 21.11 The difference between a reversible competitive inhibitor and a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor.

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→ Fig. 21.12 Conversion of zymogen to a proteolytic enzyme.

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CAG 21.2


← Fig. 21.13 Structures of selected sulfa drugs in use today as antibiotics.

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→ Fig. 21.14 Structures of selected penicillins in use today as antibiotics

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Fig. 21.15 Selective binding of penicillin to the active site of transpeptidase.

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→ Table 21.3

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→ CC 21.3

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→ Table 21.4

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→ Fig. 21.16 Drawing of a blood sample.

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Saturn Stills / SPL / Photo Researchers


→ Fig. 21.18 The quantity of vitamin D synthesized by exposure of the skin to sunlight varies with latitude, exposure time, and skin pigmentation.

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Melissa Grimes-Guy / Photo Researchers


→ Table 21.5

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→ Table 21.6

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→ Table 21.7

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Chapter Twenty One Enzymes and Vitamins. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights...

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