Chapter Twelve Stylistics Stylistically Significant Linguistic Features By Prof. Zhang Jie.

Chapter Twelve Stylistics

Stylistically Significant Linguistic FeaturesStylistically Significant Linguistic Features

By ProfBy Prof. . Zhang JieZhang Jie

Contents:

1 Segmental features1 Segmental features

2 Graphological features2 Graphological features

3 Syntactic features3 Syntactic features

4 Lexical and semantic features4 Lexical and semantic features

1 Segmental features

1.1 Elision 1.1 Elision

“Who is this?” This very cold, lady’s voice said.

“This is me. Houden Caulfield. Lemmespeaka Sally please”.

“Sally’s asleep…Do you know what time it is?”

“Yeah. Wannatalka Sally. Very important. Put her on”.

Let me speak toLet me speak toLet me speak toLet me speak to

Want to talk toWant to talk toWant to talk toWant to talk to


1.21.2 Onomatopoeia:cuckoo,meow,mo Onomatopoeia:cuckoo,meow,mooo

The actress was hissed off the stage.


1.21.2 Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia

He clasps the crag with crooked hands,

Close to the sun in lonely lands,

Ringed with the azure world, he stands.

---- Alfred Tennyson: The Eagle


(1) The sound must seem an Echo to the Se(1) The sound must seem an Echo to the Sense.nse.

(2) Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently blow(2) Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently blows.s.

(3) And the smooth Stream in smoother Numb(3) And the smooth Stream in smoother Numbers flows.ers flows.

(4) But when loud Surges lash the sounding S(4) But when loud Surges lash the sounding Shore.hore.

(5) The hoarse, rough Verse shou’d like the To(5) The hoarse, rough Verse shou’d like the Torrent roar.rrent roar.

1.3 Sound symbolism 1.3 Sound symbolism


1.4 Repetition of sounds1.4 Repetition of sounds

（ 1 ） alliteration—Round the rock runs the river.

（ 2 ） assonance—Mom and pop shops.

（ 3 ） rhyme—brain drain, bigwig


1.5 Meter1.5 Meter(1) Forˊsaints haveˊhands that

ˊpilgrims’ˊhands doˊtouch.

(iambic pentameter)


1.5 Meter1.5 Meter

(2) Andˊpalm toˊpalm isˊholyˊpalmer’sˊkiss.

(iambic pentameter)


1.5 Meter1.5 Meter

trochee

(3)ˊWillowsˊwhiten ˊaspens ˊquiver.

(trochaic tetrameter)


1.5 Meter1.5 Meter

anapest

(4) Withoutˊcause

be heˊpleased,

withoutˊcause

be heˊcross.

(anapestic tetrameter)

1 Segmental features1.5 Meter1.5 Meterdactyl (5) ˊ One for theˊmaster,

andˊone for theˊdame.

(dactylic tetrameter)


1.5 Meter1.5 Meter

Dimeter

Trimeter

Tetrameter

Pentameter

Hexameter

Heptameter

Octameter

2 Graphological features

Punctuation, capitalization, headlining, italicizing, bracketing, paragraphing, spacing, etc.

Sight poetry


l(aleaffaI Is)oneliness

3 Syntactic features

3.1 Sentence type3.1 Sentence type

Declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory

Statements, questions, commands

Simple, compound, complex

19

3 Syntactic features During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the

autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher.


I came, I saw, I coI came, I saw, I conquerednquered.

Veni ,vidi ,vici.

Caesar


Out of sight, out of mind

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness…


3.2 Syntactic deviation3.2 Syntactic deviation

The red-haired woman, smiling, waving to the disappearing shore. She left the maharajah; she left innumerable other lights o’ passing love in towns and cities and theatres and railway stations all over the world. But Melchior she did not leave.


3.2 Syntactic deviation3.2 Syntactic deviation

anyone lived in a pretty how town

(with up so floating many bells down)

spring summer autumn winter

he sang his didn’t he danced his did

4 Lexical and semantic features

4.2 Conceptual or 4.2 Conceptual or associative meaningassociative meaning

4.1 Anglo-Saxon words4.1 Anglo-Saxon words or Latinate wordsor Latinate words

Air – India Your palace in the sky.Step aboard and you’ll be treated like a Maharajah.


Appreciative: honesty ,sincere, courage

Derogatory : rustic, yokel ,plump

He is a fascist who out-

Hitlers Hitler.

EuphemismsEuphemisms

To go to a better world, to go the way of all flesh, to join the silent majority, etc.


I used to think I was poor. Then they told me I wasn’t poor. I was needy. Then they said it was self defeating to think of myself as needy, that I was culturally deprived. Then they told me deprived was a bad image, that I was underprivileged. Then they told me that underprivileged was overused, that I was disadvantaged. I still don’t have a dime—but I have a great vocabulary.



4.3 Collocation : 4.3 Collocation : Collocation anomaly

Blood punches through every vein, As lightning strips the windowpane.Under its flashing whip, a white Village leaps to light On tubs of thunder, fists of rainSlog it out of sight again.Blood punches the heart with fright ,As rain belts the village night.

4.4 Overlexicalization 4.4 Overlexicalization

The crime against life, the worst of all crimes, is not to feel. And there was never, perhaps, a civilization in which that crime, the crime of torpor, of lethargy, of apathy, the snake-like sin of coldness-at-the-heart, was commoner than in our technological civilization


in which the motionless emotions of adolescent boys are mass produced on television screens to do our feeling for us, and a woman’s longing for her life is twisted, by singing commercials, into a longing for a new detergent, family size, which will keep her hands as innocent as though she had never lived. It is the modern painless death, this commercialized atrophy of the heart. None of us is safe from it.


Chapter Twelve Stylistics Stylistically Significant Linguistic Features By Prof. Zhang Jie.

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