Chapter Ten Acids, Bases, and Salts Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 2 Bios/Yvette Tavernier/Peter Arnold Inc. Acids, Bases, and Salts CO 10.1 Fish are very sensitive to the acidity of the water present in an aquarium. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 3 Fig The difference between the aqueous solution processes of ionization and dissociation. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 4 Fig Litmus is a vegetable dye obtained from certain lichens found principally in the Netherlands. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 5 Fig A white cloud of finely divided solid NH 4 Cl is produced by the acid-base reaction that results when the colorless gases HCl and NH 3 mix. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Ken ODonoghue Houghton Mifflin Company Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 6 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Table 10.1 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 7 Fig The sour taste of limes and other citrus fruit is due to the citric acid present in the fruit juice. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 8 Table 10.2 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 9 Fig A comparison of the number of acidic species present in strong acid and weak acid solutions of the same concentration. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 10 Table 10.3 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 11 Table 10.4 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 12 Fig The acid-base reaction between sulfuric acid and barium hydroxide produces the insoluble salt barium sulfate. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 13 Fig Formation of water by the transfer of protons from H 3 O+ ion to OH- ions. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 14 CC 10.1 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 15 Fig The relationship between H 3 O+ and OH- in aqueous solution is an inverse proportion. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 16 Table 10.5 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 17 Fig Most fruits and vegetable are acidic. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 18 Fig Relationship among pH values, H 3 O+ and OH- at 24 degrees. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 19 Fig pH values of selected common liquids. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 20 Fig A pH meter gives an accurate measurement of pH values. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 21 Table 10.6 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 22 Table 10.7 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 23 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd CAG 10.1 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 24 CC 10.2 Acid Rain Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 25 Table 10.8 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 26 Table 10.9 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 27 Fig (a) The buffered and unbuffered solutions have the same pH level. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Fig (b) After adding 1mL of a 0.01 M HCl solution, the pH of the buffered solution has not perceptibly changed, but the unbuffered solution has become acidic. Ken ODonoghue Houghton Mifflin Company Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 28 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd CAG 10.2 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 29 Acids, Bases, and Salts contd CC 10.4 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 30 Fig This simple device can be used to distinguish among strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 31 Fig Diagram showing setup for titration procedures. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 32 CC 10.5 Electrolyte and Body Fluids Acids, Bases, and Salts contd Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.10 | 33 Fig An acid-base titration using an indicator that is yellow in acidic solution and red in basic solution. Acids, Bases, and Salts contd