Chapter: South Dakota State University Project: Drinking Water for UAC...

Document 525 Pre-Implementation Report Chapter: South Dakota State University Country: Bolivia Community: Unidad Academica Campesina, Carmen Pampa Project: Drinking Water for UAC-CP Travel Dates: August 9-22, 2015

Prepared By Joseph Abrahamson Deidre Beck Jacob Davidson

Luis Duque May 17, 2015

ENGINEERS WITHOUT BORDERS USA www.ewb-usa.org

Pre-Implementation Report Part 1 – Administrative Information

1.0 Contact Information (correspondence regarding report reviews will be sent to the listed President, Project Leads, Mentors and Faculty Advisors)

Project Title Name Email Phone Chapter Name or

Organization Name

Project Leads

Luis Duque

Deidre Beck

[email protected]

[email protected]

305-965-1363

605-280-8548

EWB- SDSU

President Claire

Eggleston

claire.eggleston@jacks,sdstate,edu 952-456-1009 EWB -SDSU

Responsible Engineer in Charge

Bruce

Berdanier

[email protected] 605-415-3237 EWB-SDSU

Traveling Mentor

Brad Wermers [email protected] 605-592-6202 EWB-SDSU

Additional Mentor

Faculty Advisor

Kyungnan Min [email protected] 605-688-4918 EWB- SDSU

Health and Safety Officer

Ben Waletzko [email protected] 612-532-5186 EWB -SDSU

Assistant Health and Safety Officer

Claire

Eggleston

claire.eggleston@jacks,sdstate,edu 952-456-1009 EWB- SDSU

Education Lead

Luis Duque [email protected] 305-965-1363 EWB-SDSU

Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (PMEL) Lead

Luis Duque [email protected] 305-965-1363 EWB-SDSU

In-country Community Contact

Sister

Christina

Cullen

[email protected] (591) 73220804

UAC-CP

In-country NGO Contact

Sarah Berman [email protected] (591) 68101458

UAC-CP

In-country Local Government Contact

Don Lucho Aliaga

NA 591-671-75211

Community of Carmen Pampa Water Board

mailto:[email protected]


mailto:claire.eggleston@jacks,sdstate,edu





mailto:claire.eggleston@jacks,sdstate,edu





2.0 Travel History

Dates of Travel Assessment or Implementation Description of Trip

August 10-17, 2011 Assessment Pre Assessment

March 4-10, 2012 Assessment Determine Treatment

December 16-23, 2012 Implementation Construction

August 5-13, 2013 Post Assessment Monitoring and Modification

August 4-12, 2014 Implementation Build and Install Chlorinator

3.0 Travel Team (Should be 8 or fewer): # Name E-mail Phone Chapter Student or

Professional

1 Claire

Eggleston

[email protected] 952-

456-

1009

SDSU Student

2 Luis Duque [email protected] 305-

965-

1363

SDSU Student

3 Ben Waletzko

[email protected] 612-532-5186

SDSU Student

4 Brad Wermers

[email protected] 605-592-6202

SDSU Professional

5

6

7

8

4.0 Health and Safety The travel team will follow the site-specific HASP that has been prepared for this specific

trip and has been submitted as a stand-alone document along with this pre-trip report.

EWB-SDSU and the Drinking Water for UAC-CP project have no history of health and

safety incidents.

5.0 Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning 5.1 The travel team has reviewed the 901B – Program Impact Monitoring

Report template and has assigned travel team members to complete this report during the upcoming trip. We acknowledge that the completed 901B is required with the eventual submittal of the 526 – Post-Implementation Trip Report. X Yes ___No

5.2 The team has selected monitoring indicators from the 906 - Project Monitoring Indicators charts. These will be assessed on this trip and reported on in the 526 – Post-Implementation Trip report. X Yes ___No





The team has chosen the red boxed items as monitoring indicators for this project.

5.3 Is the signed 903 - Implementation Agreement included as an appendix to

this report? _X_Yes ___No (An equivalent Letter of Commitment is included in Appendix 5. EWB-SDSU will be implementing the 902 and 903 versions of the community agreements during this trip)

6.0 Budget

Item Description Cost Basis Total Cost

1 Airfare+Travel Agent Fee

$ 1200.00 per person

$ 4800.00

2 Food and Lodging $ 280.00 per person

$ 1120.00

3 In-Country Transportation

$ 87.50 per person

$ 350.00

4 Travel Insurance (through SDSU)

$ 40.00 per person

$ 160.00

5 QA/QC $ 1210.00 per trip $ 1210.00

6 Project Supplies/Materials

$ 1000.00 total $ 1000.00

Total: $ 8640.00

*The costs associated with acquiring appropriate travel documents (visas, passports) and medical preparation (shots, medications) are the responsibility of the individual travelers.

7.0 Project Discipline(s): Check the specific project discipline(s) addressed in this report. Check all that apply.

Water Supply ____ Source Development ____ Water Storage ____ Water Distribution X _ Water Treatment ____ Water Pump Sanitation ____ Latrine ____ Gray Water System ____ Black Water System Structures ____ Bridge ____ Building

Civil Works ____ Roads ____ Drainage ____ Dams Energy ____ Fuel ____ Electricity Agriculture ____ Irrigation Pump ____ Irrigation Line ____ Water Storage ____ Soil Improvement ____ Fish Farm ____ Crop Processing Equipment Information Systems ____ Computer Service

8.0 Project Location Longitude: 67°41’30.3” W Latitude: 16°15’29.7”S

The Unidad Academica Campesina (UAC) is a branch of the Catholic University of Bolivia. The

UAC is located in the rural community of Carmen Pampa in the Nor Yungas province in the

department of La Paz, Bolivia. In addition to the approximately 700 university students at the

UAC, Carmen Pampa is also home to 500 high school students who attend a local boarding high

school and 250 community members. Carmen Pampa is located approximately 15 km from the

town of Coroico and 115 km from the Bolivian capital of La Paz.

9.0 Number of People Number of persons directly affected: 700-800 (Students of the UAC-CP Campus Manning). Number of persons indirectly affected: 1150 (Entire community including both schools)

10.0 Professional Mentor Resume(s) - Please see document 405 - Mentor Qualifications for the requirements for the Responsible Engineer in Charge (REIC) and the overall Professional Mentor Team. This can be found in the Sourcebook Downloads on the Member Pages of the website.

Dr. Bruce Berdanier- Responsible Engineer In Charge (Not Traveling):

Vita for Bruce W. Berdanier

Dr. Berdanier is currently Professor and Dean of the School of Engineering

(SOE) at Fairfield University. As the chief academic officer for the School of

Engineering, he recently led the development of a new BS degree in

Bioengineering, relocation of the Computer Science program from the

College of Arts and Sciences to the SOE, and development of multiple 5-year

BS/MS options. He has complete responsibility for developing and

implementing the school’s budget which was approximately $7M income and

$2M direct expenses for FY17. During 2013-14, Dr. Berdanier led the

development of the School’s strategic plan for the next five years including

SWOT analysis, development of vision, mission and values statements, as well

as strategic goals and activities. Dr. Berdanier also led the planning and

relocation of the SOE to new offices, classrooms, and laboratories in the

Bannow Science Center during 2013-14. He successfully acquired external

funding for a new machine laboratory in 2013, a Materials Characterization laboratory and a Network

Systems laboratory in 2014. He is currently implementing an Applied Research Laboratory and is

collaborating with the School of Business in development of an Entrepreneurship Center. Dr.

Berdanier has served on the University Steering Committee for Strategic Planning and has been Co-

Chair of the task force for Graduate and Professional Schools since 2013.

Dr. Berdanier’s main research and consulting interests have been related to the distribution and

interactions of various chemical compounds in studies of surface water quality and in municipal

wastewater treatment. His most recent research efforts have related to the distribution of metals in

surface water, soils, sediments, and plants. Dr. Berdanier is a registered professional engineer and

surveyor in both South Dakota and Ohio and has been involved in water and environmental

development projects in the Artibonite Valley of Haiti since 1995. He has directed an Engineers

Without Borders program in Bolivia since 2009.

Academic Experience:

▪ July 2013 to Present – Dean of Engineering, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT.

▪ August 2008 to July 2013 – Professor and Head of Civil and Environmental Engineering,

South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota.

▪ August 2003 to August 2008 – Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Ohio Northern

University, Ada, Ohio.

▪ August 2000 to August 2003 – Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Ohio Northern

University, Ada, Ohio.

▪ August 1996 to August 2000 - Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering,

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota.

Education/Registration:

▪ Ph.D.- Environmental Engineering and Hydrogeology, The Ohio State University, 1995

▪ MSCE- Environmental Engineering, Purdue University, 1983

▪ BSCE- Water Resources, The Ohio State University, 1980

▪ Registered Professional Engineer- Ohio #49339, South Dakota #6197

▪ Registered Professional Surveyor- Ohio #6991, South Dakota #6197

Professional Membership:

▪ American Society for Engineering Education

▪ American Society of Civil Engineers

▪ Engineers Without Borders USA

Professional Service ▪ ABET Program Evaluator, 2009 - Present

▪ American Society of Civil Engineers, Region 7 Governor, October 2010 – May 2013.

▪ American Society of Civil Engineers, National Comm. on Scholarship, Sept. 2007 - 2011

▪ South Dakota Water Environment Association, Vice President, Sept.1997- Aug.1999.

▪ South Dakota Water Environment Association, President, Sept. 1999 – Aug. 2000.

Recent Publications

▪ Kant, J.A., Larson, G.E., Burckhard, S.R., Berdanier, B.W., and Meyers, R.T., (2015)

“Contemporary Use of Wild Fruits by the Lakota in South Dakota: Implications to Cultural

Identity, Great Plains Research, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, in press.

▪ Ande, S., Berdanier, B.W., and Ramakrishnan, V., (2013), “Surface Morphology of Reactive

Powder Concrete Containing Soil,” Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2(4),

250-255.

▪ Bielefeldt, A.R., Dewoolkar, M.M., Caves, K.M., Berdanier, B.W., Paterson, K.G., (2011),

“Diverse Models for Incorporating Service Projects into Engineering Capstone Design

Courses,” International Journal of Engineering Education, 27(6), 1206-1220.

▪ Ande, S., Berdanier, B.W., and Ramakrishnan, V., (2011), “Performance of Reactive Powder

Concrete Containing Arsenic,” Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 3(5), 335-340,

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2011.35042.

▪ Sundareshwar, P.V., Upadhayay, S., Abessa, M., Honomichl, S., Berdanier, B.W., Spaulding,

S.A., Sandvik, C., and Trennepohl, A., (2011), “The Paradox of Algal Blooms in

Oligotrophic Waters,” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, L10405,

doi:10.1029/2010GL046599.

Recent Funding

▪ September 2014, Materials Characterization Laboratory at Fairfield University; Equipment

Funding: $75,000 Alden Family Trust; $72,000 Brinkman Family Foundation; $42,000

Fairfield Capital Improvements; $10,000 Robert Sobolewski.

▪ September 2013, Machine Laboratory at Fairfield University; Equipment funding of $90,000

Brinkman Family Foundation.

▪ September 2010, National Science Foundation, “Collaborative Research:

OLC/SDSU/SDSMT Pre-Engineering Education Collaborative,” $825,000.

▪ September 2009, Berdanier, B.W., and DeBoer, D., National Science Foundation,

“Acquisition of Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometer,” $118,944.

Brad Wermers- Travel Mentor *Mentor Paperwork will be included in submittal.

BRAD WERMERS, PE Associated with Banner since 1989, Brad serves as the Head of the Civil/Transportation Department. With over twenty years of experience in civil/municipal/transportation planning and design, Brad understands the many complexes of municipal street design, which include project management, project coordination with local government and contractors, site grading, utility design and storm design.

Education

B.S. Civil Engineering,

South Dakota State University, 1989

Professional Registration

Professional Engineer SD

Professional Affiliations

National Society of Professional Engineers

South Dakota Engineering Society

Planning, design, plans and specifications, bidding, construction engineering and contract administration phases of

municipal projects for streets; highways, airports, water distribution; wastewater collection; storm drainage systems;

land/site development and land acquisitions. Field observations for compliance with design, drawings and

specifications during construction, including earthwork, underground pipelines and utilities.

SDSU Projects

SDSU Alumni Green, Brookings, SD

SDSU Indoor Practice Facility, Brookings, SD

SDSU Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium, Brookings, SD

SDSU Southeast Residence Halls, Brookings

SDSU Headhouse, Brookings, SD

SDSU Architecture, Mathematics and Engineering Hall, Brookings;

SDSU Student Enrollment Center, Brookings, SD

Residential Subdivisions

Windermere Pointe Addition - Site Development, Brookings, SD

South Main & 26th Avenue Improvements, Brookings, SD

Moriarty-Edgebrook Addition - Site Development, Brookings, SD

Moriarty Fourth Addition - Site Development, Brookings, SD

Timberline Addition - Site Development, Brookings, SD

Prairie Hills Addition - Site Development, Brookings, SD

Reserve Addition - Site Development, Brookings, SD

West Timberline - Site Development, Brookings, SD

Milparc Addition - Site Development, Brookings, SD

Municipal Street Projects

32nd Ave Street Construction, Brookings, SD

Volga Street Improvements, Volga, SD

34th Avenue Reconstruction, Brookings, SD

Main Avenue and 26th Avenue South, Brookings, SD

Lake Norden Truck Route, Lake Norden, SD

20th Street Reconstruction, Brookings, SD

Bulldog Avenue Reconstruction, Baltic, SD

Arlington Streets Improvements, Arlington, SD

Medary Avenue Reconstruction, Brookings, SD

Milbank Storm Sewer Evaluation, Milbank, SD

Pierre Storm Sewer Evaluation, Pierre, SD

57th Street Reconstruction, Sioux Falls, SD

Highway Projects SD County Highway 23 Reconstruction, Brookings County, SD SD Highway 19 Construction from Vermillion, SD to Newcastle, NE Brookings County Road Reconstruction, Brookings County, SD US Highway 14 Reconstruction, Haakon County, Haakon County, SD US Highway 18 Reconstruction, Canton, SD US Highway 14A Reconstruction, Lead, SD Interstate 229 / Western Avenue Interchange Reconstruction, Sioux Falls, SD Interstate 229 / Louise Avenue Interchange, Sioux Falls, SD

Pre-Implementation Report Part 2 – Technical Information 1.0 Executive Summary

Engineers Without Borders USA (EWB -USA) is a national organization dedicated to

engineering investigation, assessment, design and implementation to solve problems in

communities typically in the developing world. The student chapter of EWB at South Dakota

State University (EWB-SDSU) initiated a program with Unidad Academica Campesina de

Carmen Pampa (UAC – CP) in Bolivia in the fall of 2010. The location of UAC – CP is shown in

Figure 1.

The Unidad Academica Campesina de Carmen Pampa (UAC-CP) is a rural university founded to

provide a BS-level education to young women and men who do not have that opportunity due to

unequal access to education by the poor. This university currently has over 700 students, having

grown from 53 students when its first program started in 1994. Due to this expansive growth,

potable water systems for each of two campuses, human waste and wastewater management had

not always been adequately considered, leading to the need for improved water quality, as well as

sanitation related to animal waste and human wastewater management. The mission of the EWB-

SDSU program at the UAC-CP is to provide the university with consistent potable water and

waste and wastewater management solutions. The fulfillment of this proposed program will

eliminate problems with student illnesses resulting from poor water quality, and will protect

down-stream communities from the waste generated by the university.

During the past 5 years of collaboration, EWB-SDSU has traveled 4 times to the UAC-CP. The

first trip took place in August 2011 and was to conduct a pre – assessment investigation at the

site. A second trip was made in March 2012 to continue the assessment with additional focus for

the drinking water project. Implementation of the first chlorination system was completed in

December 2012. This system is a CTI-8 chlorinator that treats water for Campus Leahy (the upper

of two university campuses). This implementation was followed up with a post-assessment trip

was made in August 2013. This trip was also used as a preliminary assessment for the next trip. In

August 2014 a second implementation trip was made in order to install a second CTI-8

chlorinator for Campus Manning. During this trip, the community of Carmen Pampa and

university personnel reached an agreement to collaborate on a joint chlorinator that would treat

not only Campus Manning, but also local community members. It was decided to move the

location of the chlorinator to a shared reservoir. In August 2015, the goal of EWB-SDSU will be

to install this shared CTI-8 chlorinator. Additionally, the team will implement educational

activities in order to increase awareness of the project throughout the community and the

university.

The purpose of this document is to describe the design of this chlorinator and its implementation

to take place in August 2015.

2.0 Program Background Water Systems Background

Figure 2 shows the conceptual location and relationship of the original five (5) water distribution

systems in the UAC-CP watershed. Systems 1 and 2 are the most northerly as well as the highest

elevation water collection systems and are the least affected by surface water runoff. System 3 is

was a localized system adjacent to the mid system tanks of system 2 and was highly contaminated

by agricultural and roadway runoff at that level in the watershed. System 3 was taken off-line

and abandoned. The source for system 4 is not as high in elevation as systems 1 and 2 in the

watershed but is currently above agricultural activities as well as the upper roadway. Therefore,

system 4 is relatively unaffected by surface water runoff. System 5 was the lowest system in the

watershed and is highly impacted by agricultural and roadway runoff. System 5 collection was

abandoned and it’s storage reservoir was connected to System 4 distribution for additional storage

capacity for the Manning campus and lower community. Table 1 indicates the ownership of each

of the water collection and distribution systems.

Figure 2. Conceptual Diagram of Water Systems at Carmen Pampa, Bolivia.

Table 1. Water system ownership in Carmen Pampa, Bolivia.

System Owner

1 Community

2 UAC

3 Abandoned

4 Community/UAC

5 Collection Abandoned, Storage Combined

Water Quality Study

Samples of water were taken at four of the sources and analyzed in the field for turbidity

and NO3 concentrations using a field spectrophotometer and a turbidimeter. Samples

were also analyzed in the UAC laboratory for pH. Additionally, samples were collected

and acidified to be analyzed at the SDSU laboratory for arsenic. Results of the 2011

bacterial analysis along with the 2012 field and laboratory analyses are shown in Table 2.

Numbers presented for each source are averages based on a minimum of 3 samples at

each source.

Table 2. Water Quality Assessment – Carmen Pampa sources.

Source Coliform, # 1,2

Turbidity,

NTU

NO3, mg/L pH Arsenic,

ug/L5

1 1 2.7 2.8 7.5 10

23 2 14.5 20 7.6 10

4 7 6.2 1.3 7.0 20

54 4 28 2.2 6.0 20

Notes: 1Number of coliform forming colonies per 100 mL 2 No e-coli were identified in the sources. Community doctor has identified giardia,

amoeba, and helminth (Ascaris lumbricoides) issues believed to be related to source

water quality. 3 System 2 reservoir is currently contaminated by system 3 surface water source resulting

in high turbidity and NO3. 4 System 5 is open channel surface water source downstream of system 4 capture. 5 Arsenic numbers are consistent with the HNO3 grade that was available at UAC-CP for

preservation of the samples. Appendix 1 contains a map showing that no arsenic

concerns have been identified in the project area to date.

Alternatives Analysis Summary

The alternatives considered for improving the drinking water system included the

following:

1. Disconnect perennially contaminated collection systems from the general distribution

system. This alternative would disconnect systems 3 and 5 from the residential and

school drinking water systems and direct them to agricultural use.

2. Install one disinfection system for each collection system. This alternative would consist

of installing simple robust tablet chlorination systems at collection reservoirs in each of

the numbered system to allow for development of reasonable Ct values for reduction of

bacteria, nematodes and some protozoans (5 systems @ $1,000 per system for material

and labor).

3. Install one disinfection system for each distribution system. This alternative is similar to

alternative 2, but rather than installing tablet chlorinators at reservoir storage locations in

each of the five systems, liquid metered disinfection systems would dose the distribution

system prior to entry points to distribution at both the upper and lower UAC – CP

campuses and the high school (3 systems @ $2,000 per system for material and labor).

4. Install Individual filter systems for house/dormitory drinking water. This alternative

would consist of constructing individual sand filter systems for use at each of the

homes/dormitories for filtration of drinking and cooking water only. The sand filters at

the dormitories could be larger unit to serve multiple rooms. All other water used in the

home/dormitory for activities other than drinking and cooking would not be filtered (40

houses @ $100 each; 2 campuses and 1 high school @ $1,000 each).

5. Abandon current collection systems and install a new well and storage system. This

alternative would develop one or more deep wells along with elevated storage to supply

both of the campuses and the community with treated ground water. Current surface

water systems could be used for agricultural use and for other than drinking and cooking

water activities in the schools and homes. (2 deep wells with pumps @ $25,000 ea., 2 -

50,000 gallon storage tanks @ $75,000 each for material and labor including connecting

piping, valves, and appurtenances).

6. Install surface water treatment plant. This alternative would develop a slow sand surface

water treatment plant with disinfection for the treatment of the current surface water

systems prior to distribution to the campuses, community and high school. ($500,000 for

surface water treatment plant, $150,000 for storage tanks, for material and labor

including connecting piping, valves, and appurtenances).

7. Install individual filter systems in the village and disinfection or treatment for the

university campuses and high school. This alternative would consist of constructing

individual sand filter systems for use at each of the homes for filtration of drinking and

cooking water only. All other water used in the home for activities other than drinking

and cooking would not be filtered. Additionally, surface water treatment and disinfection

would be selected for the university campuses and the high school. This is a combination

of alternatives 3 and 4 with a more expanded treatment concept for the schools.

8. Install roof water collection systems at college campuses and high school. Substantial

water collection could be accomplished at each of the campuses and the high school due

to the large roof areas. This water could be untreated and used to replace agricultural

water, toilet and shower water, or could be treated and used for drinking and cooking (2

systems at $50,000 each).

9. Do Nothing. Continue in current operational mode.

Individual alternative systems were compared based on evaluation of their impact on the

local society, the local economy, and the local environment. Preliminary capital and

operation and maintenance costs were determined for each alternative.

The overall rankings determined by the group analysis averages indicate that alternative

number one is the preferred alternative. Alternative one is the disconnection of the

perennially contaminated collection systems from the general distribution system. This

alternative would disconnect systems 3 and 5 from the residential and school drinking

water systems and direct them to agricultural use. It is not surprising that this alternative

was selected first in the sustainability analysis due to its low capital and maintenance

costs. Ideally this alternative can be accomplished in conjunction with some of the more

structurally intensive alternatives.

The second ranked project was alternative number four which is the construction and use

of individual filter systems at each of the village residences and dormitories. This

alternative also yielded positive results for low capital and operation and maintenance

costs. Low cost individual filters capable of filtering approximately 20 L/d (5 gal/d +/-)

for individual homes to use for drinking water could be constructed. Larger systems

could be built for the dormitories. The project could be completed for the village

residents for approximately $4,000 using locally acquired materials and components.

$1,000 was budgeted for each campus and the high school. The filters could be built in

cooperation with local residents and students within a two-week construction period.

Educational, operational training could also be conducted in the two week project trip.

Alternatives 2, 3, and 8 were each scored the same overall average ranking by the group

resulting in the overall third place ranking. Alternatives 2 and 3 both represent the

installation of a disinfection system. Although both alternatives received the same

average overall score from the team evaluation, it would be the easiest and most cost

effective to install tablet chlorinators (alternative number 2) on some of the existing

collection and storage reservoirs which would operate based on a certain percentage of

the flow coming into the tank and achieve the necessary Ct product for inactivation of

bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and some protozoans. The tablet chlorinators could be

assembled from locally purchased piping materials, are robust and simple to operate, and

have lower capital cost than the liquid chlorinators in alternative 3.

The SDSU EWB team met with UAC Vice Director Smeltekop, Tito Ticona, and UAC

Director Father Freddy del Villar Zúñiga during the March 2012 trip to discuss historical

context, results of the feasibility analysis, and future plans for the drinking water system.

An extensive conversation was held with Director Villar to vette ideas for proceeding

with UAC drinking water system improvements. Concurrence was reached on

chlorinating system 2 in 2012 to demonstrate that chlorination can be properly operated

and maintained to safely improve drinking water. Director Villar also concurred with

pursuing additional or improved filtration for systems 2 and 4 in the future. Site selection

for filtration installation will be a critical component requiring a combination of analysis

of systems 2 and 4 locations along with private/UAC property locations.

The preferred alternative for the next trip to UAC-CP was chosen to be the separation of

the most contaminated systems from the water supply in conjunction with the

development of disinfection for the water collection/storage reservoir to serve the upper

campus. As of May 2015, the most contaminated water supply has been separated from

the drinking water system and one CTI-8 chlorinator has been implemented to serve

Campus Leahy (the upper of two campuses at the UAC-CP). During the August 2015

trip, the second chlorinator will be installed to serve Campus Manning and the

community of Carmen Pampa. Filtration options for individuals and/or groups are

currently being evaluated for future implementation. The entire feasibility analysis is

included as Appendix 2.

3.0 Facility Design

3.1 Description of the Proposed Facilities

The proposed design is to install four CTI 8 chlorinators in parallel on top of storage

reservoir 4 (see figures 3 and 4) to treat the water flowing to the lower Manning campus

of UAC-CP and the nearby community of Carmen pampa.

Figure 4: Reservoir 4, Proposed Chlorinator Site

3.2 Description of Design and Design Calculations

The average available flow rate in water system 2 has been observed at 65 gpm. The CTI 8 chlorinators are rated for 20 gpm each, so that four chlorinators in parallel can handle up to 80 gpm. The lower campus currently serves 350-400 students per day with lower numbers on the weekends and during school breaks. The community is estimated at approximately 200 members. Maximum service is estimated at 600 people. The system design will allow for flexibility to supply the required amount of treated water each day. The design of the system includes throttling valves which will be adjusted after installation is complete to allow the correct total flow of water into the system as well as to develop the desired free chlorine concentration. Additionally, the four parallel systems allow for redundancy in operation at normal operating flows. This redundancy will allow one of the chlorinators to be taken off – line for cleaning and maintenance while the system remains in operation. A chlorine supplier has been identified in La Paz that can provide chlorine tablets at 90% available chlorine for $ 2.72 per tablet. The tablets weigh 200 grams. Each tablet will have the ability to treat approximately 240,000 gallons of water at a finished water

concentration of 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine (Equation 1). The final concentration may be adjusted to a lower value depending on local conditions and population preferences. Equation 1: (200 g/tablet) x (0.90 g Cl/g) x (L/0.2 mg Cl) x (1000mg/g) x (gal/3.785L) ≈ 240,000 gal. The actual operational flow rate will be determined by the university. However, to treat the entire source at the flow rate of 65 gpm, the chlorine cost would be approximately $32 dollars per month (Equation 2). For 600 people at 25 gpcd, the cost would be about $ 5.10 per month (Equation 3). Equation 2: (65 gal/min) x (1440 min/day) x (30 day/month) x ($2.72/240,000 gal) ≈ $31.90/month Equation 3: (600 people) x (25 gal/person·day) x (30 day/month) x ($2.72/240,000 gal) ≈ $5.10/month Finally, 600 people students could be adequately supplied chlorinated water from two of the chlorinators up to a flow rate of 96 gal/person·day (Equation 4). Equation 4: [2(20 gal/min) x (1440 min/day)] / 600 people ≈ 96 gal/student·day Information and schematics for the CTI 8 chlorinator are included in the CTI 8 manual which is Appendix 3 of this design report.

3.3 Drawings The site plan and profile for chlorinator installation are shown in Appendix 4. Figure 5 shows a conceptual schematic of the chlorinator installation.

Figure 5: Schematic of Proposed Dual CTI-8 Chlorinator System

3.4 Names and Qualifications of Designers

Name Student or

Professional

Qualifications Work Done

Andrew Lampy Student Graduating Senior

CEE Student

System Design

Christopher

Jankowski

Student Graduating Senior

CEE Student

System Design

Christopher McGaw Student Graduating Senior

CEE Student

System Design

Tom Strubel Student Graduating Senior

CEE Student

System Design

Dr. Bruce Berdanier Professional PhD, PE Design Supervision

Dr. Kyungnan Min Professional PhD, PE Design Supervision

*The chlorinator system was designed as part of a senior Capstone project by a group of SDSU students. These students were supervised by Dr. Bruce Berdanier and Dr. Kyungnan Min

4” PVC Line

from Air Break

Box

Flow Enters

into Reservoir

2” PVC Ball Valves

CTI-8 Chlorinators

3.5 524 - Draft Final Design Report Comments 4.0 Project Ownership

The UAC-CP and the community of Carmen Pampa will jointly own and operate the CTI

8 chlorination systems. The water system is currently jointly owned and maintained by

the university. The UAC-CP has a permanent staff with the capabilities and funds to

maintain the added chlorination systems. The community will contribute to the system

and appoint a volunteer to help with O&M. A memorandum of agreement between the

university and the community will be signed.

5.0 Construction Plan

Day Work Description Participants

1 • Leave USA; Arrive La Paz; Meet UAC-CP

representative at airport and stay in La Paz

• EWB-SDSU, UAC-CP

representative

2 • Acquire piping, valves, and other appurtenant

materials and hand tools as necessary

• Travel to UAC-CP

• EWB-SDSU, UAC-CP

representative

3 • Meet with community and university

representatives to finalize plan for

construction and education activities

• Prepare for construction

• EWB-SDSU

• UAC-CP

workers/representative

• Community

workers/representatives

4 • Layout chlorinator boxes

• Initiate chlorinator box construction

• Fabricate CTI Chlorinators *

• EWB-SDSU

• UAC –CP workers

supervised by EWB-

SDSU

5 • Finish up activities from Day 4:

o Layout chlorinator boxes

o Initiate chlorinator box construction

o Fabricate CTI Chlorinators *

• EWB-SDSU


supervised by EWB-

SDSU

6 • Complete construction of chlorinator boxes

• Install CTI Chlorinators

• EWB-SDSU


supervised by EWB

SDSU

7 • Finish up construction/installation activities • EWB-SDSU


supervised by EWB-

SDSU

8

• Start up adjustment, sampling and analysis for

initial evaluation, monitoring all day

• Initiate Education

• EWB-SDSU and UAC-

CP

• EWB-SDSU directed

9 • Continue adjustment, sampling, and analysis

• Education/community relations activities

• EWB-SDSU


supervised by EWB-

SDSU



• EWB SDSU


supervised by EWB

SDSU



• EWB-SDSU


supervised by EWB-

SDSU

12 • Complete education and evaluation

• EWB SDSU


supervised by EWB

SDSU

13 • Travel to La Paz • EWB-SDSU

14 • Travel to USA • EWB-SDSU

Notes: EWB-SDSU students have demonstrated that they can fabricate and build CTI

Chlorinator in approximately one hour using power saw. We have allocated ½ day for each

chlorinator as contingency time using hand saw.

6.0 Materials List and Cost Estimate

Part Quantity Unit Unit Price (Bs) Total Price (BS)

4 in PVC Pipe Schedule 40

6 m 19.5 117

2 in PVC Pipe Schedule 40

12 m 56.8 681.6

PVC Tee 4 in (M) x 4 in (F) x 2 in (M) Schedule 40

8 ea 48 384

PVC Tee 4 in. (M) x 4 in. (F) x 4 in. (F) Schedule 40

5 ea 55 275

Reducer 4 in.(F) a 2 in. (M) Schedule 40

12 ea 35 420

90 de Elbow for 2 in. PVC, male-female, Schedule 40

12 ea 18 216

90 deg Elbow for 2 in. PVC, female-female, Schedule 40

14 ea 18 252

90 deg Elbow for 4 in PVC, female-female, Schedule 40

2 ea 95 190

Female-female connection for 2 in. PVC Schedule 40

2 ea 12.5 25

Cap for 4 in PVC 4 ea 15 60

Cap for 2 in. PVC 1 ea 15 15

Cutting Board 4 ea 21 84

2 in Ball Valve 6 ea 220 1320

Cement 4 bolsa 70 280

Sand 7 caradito 15 105

Bricks 240 ea 1.35 324

PVC Glue 1 ea 55 55

PVC Primer (Thinner)

1 ea 50 50

Metal Lid for Chlorinator

2 ea 680 1360

Metal Lid for Pressure Relief Box

1 ea 400 400

Metal Lid for Tank opening

1 ea 3200 3200

Pad locks 4 ea 28 112

TOTAL 9925.60 Bs

$1389.584 USD

7.0 Operation and Maintenance Once installed, the CTI 8 needs to be checked regularly and new chlorine tablets must be

added on a weekly basis. A color comparison chlorine meter will be used to measure the

free chlorine in the water. Chlorine residuals in the drinking water will need to be tested

weekly during the first ninety days and regularly afterward to ensure that proper

disinfection is taking place. Additionally, the units should be flushed clean quarterly.

Periodically, the chlorinators will need to be cleaned by shutting off the water supply and

disassembling the chlorinators. Since all of the parts are available in La Paz,

replacements should be readily available.

The UAC-CP has staff that currently maintains the water system. These staff will be

trained in maintenance procedures. Compatible Technology International has also

provided operations and maintenance material in Spanish (See Appendix 3), so that the

material will be understandable to the staff in charge of maintenance. Operations and

maintenance personnel for the lower campus will be trained by those who perform O&M

on the upper campus chlorinator.

8.0 Sustainability 8.1 Background

Since the operation and maintenance on this project is within the capabilities of

the UAC-CP and the community of Carmen Pampa, the project is sustainable for

the long-term. All piping and valve components are available off the shelf from

plumbing stores in La Paz.

One societal issue for ensuring sustainability will be making sure that regular

monitoring of the treated water is accomplished to ensure that the proper chlorine

residual is being maintained and that the chlorinator remains in working

condition. This will ensure acceptability of the system to the local people both

from a health improvement and aesthetic (taste) standpoint. In order to ensure

that regular monitoring takes place a maintenance schedule will be implemented

with weekly checks for chlorine and quarterly cleaning of the system.

A second issue for sustainability is the economic affordability of the chlorine

tablets. The chlorine tablets are available through La Paz suppliers and the

university has committed to the annual cost. Current chemical cost is projected at

$0.0001/gal.

The proposed chlorination system is similar to the upper campus chlorinator

system, implemented in December of 2012. The UAC-CP has sustained this

system for 3 years

8.2 Organizational Capacity of The Community

This project will serve both the lower campus of the UAC-CP and the community

of Carmen Pampa. Since the UAC-CP is a university that already employs staff to

care for the water system, the organizational capacity of this group is considered

very good. The university has already shown itself capable of organizing to

support the implementation of the upper campus chlorinator and sustain this

system for over 3 years.

The community of Carmen Pampa has created a water board to support

implementation of water treatment in the community. They have met with

representatives of EWB-SDSU and the UAC-CP and agreed to the proposed

project. A MOA detailing their contributions to system construction and operation

and maintenance will be signed. The organizational capacity of the community is

less than that of the university, but is still considered good. Overall, the joint

organizational capacity of the community and the UAC-CP is sufficient to ensure

the sustainability of the project.

8.3 Financial Capacity of The Community

The cost of the proposed chlorination system is quite low. Materials are estimated

at $1400. The UAC-CP has already earmarked approximately $700 for the

purchase of materials. Additionally, both the UAC-CP and the community of

Carmen Pampa will be contributing labor to the construction of the system. The

cost of chlorine is estimated at $5.10 per month for 600 people, or approximately

$0.11 per person per year. Maintenance costs are also low for the system. The

financial capability of the UAC-CP and the community of Carmen Pampa are

more than sufficient to cover the costs of this project. Community contributions

to materials purchase, as well as non-monetary contributions (such as labor)

exceed the required 5% community contribution. Additionally, chlorine tablets

and on-going O&M costs will be paid for by the UAC-CP and the community of

Carmen Pampa.

8.4 Technical Capacity of The Community The chosen chlorination system is the same as the upper campus chlorination

system installed in December 2012. The design, a CTI-8, chlorinator is easy to

operate, maintain, and repair. It is not technically difficult, and the success of the

first chlorinator has shown that the technology is appropriate with regards to the

technical capacity of the community.

8.5 Education During this trip, EWB-SDSU team members will lead education sessions on both

the upper and lower campus. They will conduct two or three education sessions

for a general audience, including students, staff, and community members who do

not work with the chlorinator, as well as more specific educational/training

activities for the O&M personnel and water system staff. The general educational

activities will focus on the proper use and benefits of chlorinated water, the

importance of good personal hygiene, the scope of the EWB-SDSU project in the

community, and the importance of beneficiary involvement and support for this

project. Educational posters will also be created and hung in public areas of the

university and community to promote awareness year-round. O&M

education/training will include involving system staff in the construction and

implementation process, explanation of system O&M procedures, and

familiarization with O&M material (including system manual). Current UAC-CP

staff that performs O&M on the upper campus will assist with training of lower

campus staff. Luis Duque, the education lead for EWB-SDSU, is a native

Spanish-speaker and will be leading the educational activities.

9.0 Site Assessment Activities No assessment activities for this project will be carried out during this trip.

10.0 Professional Mentor Assessment

10.1 Professional Mentor Name and Role Dr. Bruce W. Berdanier, PE, LS

10.2 Professional Mentor Assessment

The EWB USA SDSU chapter has matured their capacity to work with the

Carmen Pampa Community members over the past year. The chapter met with

the community members at the time we were installing the Manning Campus

chlorinator in Summer 2014. The community asked and the UAC-CP agreed to

have the chlorinator built above the Leahy campus at Reservoir 4 to provide

chlorination to both the campus and the community. The location at Reservoir 4

is easier to maintain, sample and operate as it is close to the existing Chlorinator

at Reservoir 2, and close to the university laboratory on Leahy campus.

10.3 Professional Mentor Affirmation

I have been involved in all of the assessment, evaluation, and design of this

program and all of the individual projects to date. This proposed implementation

is in accord with the original assessment and feasibility study recommendations

completed by the SDSU chapter. I support the implementation of this project as

proposed herein.

May 14, 2015

APPENDIX 1: Arsenic Map of Bolivia

PDF is included with submittal.

APPENDIX 2: Feasibility Analysis

Document 523

ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS REPORT

CHAPTER: EWB SDSU

COUNTRY: Bolivia

COMMUNITY: Universidad Academica

Campesina, Carmen Pampa

PROJECT: Drinking Water for UAC - CP

PREPARED BY Rebecca Hofmeister Sarah McMahon Bruce Berdanier Greg Tanner

Brett Hankerson Emily Sumner Matt Auch Jaclyn Clark

November 10, 2011

ENGINEERS WITHOUT BORDERS-USA

www.ewb-usa.org

Document 523 – Alternatives Analysis Rev. 09-2011

Chapter Name: EWB SDSU

Community, Country: Universidad Academica Campensina, Carmen Pampa

Project Name: Drinking Water for UAC - CP

28

Alternatives Analysis Report Part 1 – Administrative

Information

1.0 Contact Information

Name Email Phone Chapter

Name

or

Organization

Name

Project Leads Sarah

McMahon

[email protected] 605-359-7713 EWB SDSU

President Gregory

Tanner


Mentor #1 Bruce

Berdanier

[email protected]

605-415-3237 EWB SDSU

Mentor #2

Faculty

Advisor (if

applicable)

Bruce

Berdanier

[email protected]

605-415-3237 EWB SDSU

Health and

Safety Officer

Emily

Sumner


Assistant

Health and

Safety Officer

Rebecca

Hofmeister

[email protected]

.edu

507-317-7729 EWB SDSU

Education

Lead

Brett

Hankerson

[email protected]

507-317-7729 EWB SDSU

NGO/Commu

nity Contact

Hugh

Smetelkop

[email protected] 011-591-2213-

7293 UAC CP

2.0 Travel History

Dates of Travel Assessment or

Implementation

Description of Trip

August 10-17, 2011 Assessment Assessment










Document 523 – Alternatives Analysis Rev. 09-2011


Community, Country: Universidad Academica Campensina, Carmen Pampa


29

3.0 Project Discipline(s): Check the specific project discipline(s) addressed in this

report. Check all that apply.

Water Supply

____ Source Development

__X_ Water Storage

__X_ Water Distribution

__X_ Water Treatment

____ Water Pump

Sanitation

____ Latrine

____ Gray Water System

____ Black Water System

Structures

____ Bridge

____ Building

Civil Works

____ Roads

____ Drainage

____ Dams

Energy

____ Fuel

____ Electricity

Agriculture

____ Irrigation Pump

____ Irrigation Line

____ Water Storage

____ Soil Improvement

____ Fish Farm

____ Crop Processing Equipment

Information Systems

____ Computer Service

Document 525 - Pre-Implementation Report Rev. 09-2011


Community, Country: Unidad Academica Campesina, Carmen Pampa,

Bolivia


1

4.0 Project Location Longitude: 67°41′30.3″W

Latitude: 16°15′29.7″S

Alternatives Analysis Report Part 2 – Technical Information

5.0 INTRODUCTION

Engineers Without Borders USA (EWB USA) is a national organization dedicated to engineering

investigation, assessment, design and implementation to solve problems in communities typically

in the developing world. The student chapter of EWB at South Dakota State University (EWB

SDSU) initiated a program with Unidad Academica Campensina de Carmen Pampa (UAC – CP)

in Bolivia in the fall of 2010. A team of EWB SDSU members traveled to UAC – CP in August

2011 to conduct a pre – assessment investigation at the site. This report will detail the feasibility

analysis completed to evaluate the alternatives for addressing the health problems currently

encountered by UAC – CP and the village of Carmen Pampa.

6.0 PROGRAM BACKGROUND

The Unidad Académica Campesina de Carmen Pampa (UAC-CP) is a rural university founded to

provide a BS-level education to young women and men who do not have that opportunity due to

unequal access to education by the poor. This university currently has 700 students, having

grown from 53 students when its first program started in 1994. Due to this expansive growth,

potable water systems for each of two campuses, human waste and wastewater management have

not always been adequately considered, leading to the need for improved water quality, as well

as sanitation related to animal waste and human wastewater management. The mission of the

program is to provide the university with consistent potable water and waste and wastewater

management solutions at the UAC-CP. The fulfillment of this proposed program will eliminate

problems with student illnesses resulting from poor drinking water quality, and will protect

down-stream communities from the waste generated by the university. The assessment trip in

2011 provided us with additional information regarding the community of Carmen Pampa and

how the citizens of the community are interconnected in the UAC-CP water system

considerations.

The alternatives being considered for improving the drinking water system include the following:

1. Disconnect perennially contaminated collection systems from the general distribution system.

2. Install one disinfection system for each collection system.

3. Install one disinfection system for main points of entry for each distribution system.

4. Install Individual filter systems for house/room drinking water.

525 - Pre-Implementation Report Revised 09/2014 EWB-SDSU Unidad Academica Campesina, Carmen Pampa, Bolivia Drinking Water for UAC-CP

© 2014 Engineers Without Borders USA. All Rights Reserved Page 2 of 40

5. Abandon current collection systems as drinking water sources and install a new well and storage

system.

6. Install surface water treatment plant.

7. Install individual filter systems in the village and a treatment system for the university.

8. Install roof water collection systems.

9. Do Nothing

Figure 1 shows the conceptual location and relationship of the five (5) water systems in the UAC-CP

watershed. Systems 1 and 2 are the most northerly as well as the highest elevation water collection

systems and are the least affected by surface water runoff. System 3 is a localized system adjacent to the

mid system tanks of system 2 and is highly contaminated by agricultural and roadway runoff at that level

in the watershed. System 4 is not as high in elevation as systems 1 and 2 in the watershed but is currently

above agricultural activities as well as the upper roadway. Therefore, system 4 is relatively unaffected by

surface water runoff. System 5 is the lowest system in the watershed and is highly impacted by

agricultural and roadway runoff.

Figure 1. Conceptual Diagram of Water Systems at Carmen Pampa, Bolivia.



7.0 DESCRIPTION OF COMPARISON METHODOLOGY

Individual alternative systems were compared based on evaluation of their impact on the local

society, the local economy, and the local environment. Impacts on society were based on the

various systems’ impact on health plus system complexity to operate and maintain. Immediate

impact on the economy was based on initial cost to build, while long term costs were based on

ongoing cost to operate and maintain including increased energy costs. Preliminary capital and

operation and maintenance costs were determined for each alternative as shown in Table 1 in

Section 4. Impact on local environment was based on increase in population that could result

from improved drinking water along with temporary construction impacts.

Each member of the SDSU EWB team evaluated the impacts for each project in each of the

categories described above. A range of values were used to score impact (-5 was the most

negative impact, +5 was the most positive impact, and 0 was a neutral impact). Each member’s

evaluation of impact for each category was summed for each system proposal. Theoretically, the

highest positive score would represent the highest rank project, and the projects could be

assigned a rank value based on decreasing summation score from most positive to most negative.

An example of one member’s evaluation matrix is shown in Table 2 in Section 5.

Rank scores were assigned to each project by each evaluator and the average rank score was

determined for each alternative proposed. Table 3 in Section 5 shows the average rank value

determined by taking the average of all ranks determined for each system alternative proposal

from each member’s Table 2 scoring.

8.0 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES

8.1 Disconnect perennially contaminated collection systems from the general distribution

system. This alternative would disconnect systems 3 and 5 from the residential and

school drinking water systems and direct them to agricultural use. 8.2 Install one disinfection system for each collection system. This alternative would consist

of installing simple robust tablet chlorination systems at collection reservoirs in each of

the numbered system to allow for development of reasonable Ct values for reduction of

bacteria, nematodes and some protozoans (5 systems @ $1,000 per system for material

and labor). 8.3 Install one disinfection system for each distribution system. This alternative is similar to

alternative 2, but rather than installing tablet chlorinators at reservoir storage locations in

each of the five systems, liquid metered disinfection systems would dose the distribution

system prior to entry points to distribution at both the upper and lower UAC – CP

campuses and the high school (3 systems @ $2,000 per system for material and labor). 8.4 Install Individual filter systems for house/dormitory drinking water. This alternative

would consist of constructing individual sand filter systems for use at each of the

homes/dormitories for filtration of drinking and cooking water only. The sand filters at

the dormitories could be larger unit to serve multiple rooms. All other water used in the

home/dormitory for activities other than drinking and cooking would not be filtered (40

houses @ $100 each; 2 campuses and 1 high school @ $1,000 each).



8.5 Abandon current collection systems and install a new well and storage system. This

alternative would develop one or more deep wells along with elevated storage to supply

both of the campuses and the community with treated ground water. Current surface

water systems could be used for agricultural use and for other than drinking and cooking

water activities in the schools and homes. (2 deep wells with pumps @ $25,000 ea., 2 -

50,000 gallon storage tanks @ $75,000 each for material and labor including connecting

piping, valves, and appurtenances). 8.6 Install surface water treatment plant. This alternative would develop a slow sand surface

water treatment plant with disinfection for the treatment of the current surface water

systems prior to distribution to the campuses, community and high school. ($500,000 for

surface water treatment plant, $150,000 for storage tanks, for material and labor

including connecting piping, valves, and appurtenances). 8.7 Install individual filter systems in the village and disinfection or treatment for the

university campuses and high school. This alternative would consist of constructing

individual sand filter systems for use at each of the homes for filtration of drinking and

cooking water only. All other water used in the home for activities other than drinking

and cooking would not be filtered. Additionally, surface water treatment and disinfection

would be selected for the university campuses and the high school. This is a combination

of alternatives 3 and 4 with a more expanded treatment concept for the schools. 8.8 Install roof water collection systems at college campuses and high school. Substantial

water collection could be accomplished at each of the campuses and the high school due

to the large roof areas. This water could be untreated and used to replace agricultural

water, toilet and shower water, or could be treated and used for drinking and cooking (2

systems at $50,000 each). 8.9 Do Nothing. Continue in current operational mode.

Table 1 shows a summary of the alternatives and their preliminary cost estimates for construction

and operation and maintenance which were used for comparison.



Table1. Preliminary Construction and Monthly Maintenance Cost Estimates.

Alt US$

Capital

Cost

US$

Monthly

Maint. Cost

1 250 87

2 5,000 200

3 6,000 200

4 7,000 137

5 200,000 500

6 650,000 1,000

7 500,000 1,500

8 100,000 125

9 0 87

9.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

Individual alternative systems were compared based on evaluation of their impact on the local

society, the local economy and the local environment as described in Section 3. Table 2 is an

example of one of EWB SDSU member’s evaluation of the alternatives using the impact scoring

system described in Section 3. Table 3 is a listing of the alternatives along with their final

ranking and their average ranking score developed by the EWB SDSU team as described in

Section 3.

Table 2. Alternatives Evaluation Matrix Example.

Social Impacts Economic Impacts Environmental Impacts Sum Rank

Alt

Health

System

Complexity

Capital

Cost

Operation/

Maintenance/

Energy

Population

Increase

Construction

Impacts

1 -3 3 3 3 -2 -2 2 2

2 0 -1 0 -1 1 0 -1 7

3 2 -2 -1 -2 2 1 0 5

4 -1 0 -2 1 -1 3 0 5

5 4 2 -3 -3 4 -3 1 3

6 3 -4 -4 -4 3 -4 -10 9

7 1 -3 1 0 0 2 1 3

8 -2 1 2 2 -3 -1 -1 7

9 -4 4 4 4 -4 4 8 1

Table 3. Final Ranking of Alternatives Based on Matrix Evaluation Average Score.

Rank Alt. No. Avg

Score

1 1 1.71



2 4 3.67

3 2 4.00

3 3 4.00

3 8 4.00

6 9 5.16

7 5 6.16

8 7 6.50

9 6 8.50

10.0 DESCRIPTION OF PREFFERED ALTERNATIVE

The overall rankings determined by the group analysis averages indicate that alternative number

one is the preferred alternative. Alternative one is the disconnection of the perennially

contaminated collection systems from the general distribution system. This alternative would

disconnect systems 3 and 5 from the residential and school drinking water systems and direct

them to agricultural use. It is not surprising that this alternative was selected first in the

sustainability analysis due to its low capital and maintenance costs. Ideally this alternative can

be accomplished in conjunction with some of the more structurally intensive alternatives.

The second ranked project is alternative number four which is the construction and use of

individual filter systems at each of the village residences and dormitories. This alternative also

yields positive results for low capital and operation and maintenance costs. This project lends

itself to the construction of low cost individual filters capable of filtering approximately 20 L/d

(5 gal/d +/-) for individual homes to use for drinking water. Larger systems could be built for

the dormitories. The project could be completed for the village residents for approximately

$4,000 using locally acquired materials and components. $1,000 has been budgeted for each

campus and the high school. We anticipate the filters could be built in cooperation with local

residents and students within a two-week construction period in 2012. If all materials are

acquired before the team arrives in Carmen Pampa, the team could work with local residents and

students to construct approximately five filters per day. Educational, operational training could

also be conducted in the two week project trip. This alternative would increase current

operational costs for the maintenance of the filters over current system costs, but most of these

costs would become part of individual efforts by each home to maintain their own filter.

Alternatives 2, 3, and 8 were each scored the same overall average ranking by the group resulting

in the overall third place ranking. Alternatives 2 and 3 both represent the installation of a

disinfection system. Although both alternatives received the same average overall score from the

team evaluation, we believe it would be the easiest and most cost effective to install tablet

chlorinators (alternative number 2) on some of the existing collection and storage reservoirs

which would operate based on a certain percentage of the flow coming into the tank and achieve

the necessary Ct product for inactivation of bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and some protozoans.

The tablet chlorinators can be assembled from locally purchased piping materials, are robust and

simple to operate, and have lower capital cost than the liquid chlorinators in alternative 3.



Alternative number 2 would require the purchase of liquid chlorine dosing pump and a

continuous supply of liquid chlorine. The system is more complicated to operate, calibrate and

maintain and a significant percentage of the components would have to be purchased off-the-

shelf. Alternative 8 is the establishment of roof water collection systems which could be done in

addition to alternative number 2 and would extend the available water during the dry season.

However, this alternative would require additional design and planning, and should be

considered for another future trip.

The preferred alternative for the next trip to UAC-CP is the separation of the most contaminated

systems from the water supply in conjunction with the development of disinfection for the water

collection/storage reservoirs and the implementation of individual filter systems for the

residences and dormitories.

11.0 PROFESSIONAL MENTOR/TECHNICAL LEAD ASSESSMENT

The SDSU – EWB team completed the feasibility assessment and evaluation based on the

assessment trip in August 2011 at the UAC – CP site. The team worked together to develop a

matrix evaluation system using both short and long term considerations for environmental,

economic and social impact. The final product was the development of a scoring and ranking

system to evaluated nine separate delineated alternatives. The final ranking points to the choice

of three of the alternatives that can be completed with local products for reasonable capital costs

and reasonable long term maintenance and operation costs in the near future. Long term

alternatives such as rainwater and groundwater can be considered further in the future following

more research and community discussions. Expensive surface water treatment plants are

probably not feasible for this community to build or to operate and maintain.

11.1 Professional Mentor/Technical Lead Name (who wrote the

assessment)

Bruce W. Berdanier, PE, LS

11.2 Professional Mentor/Technical Lead Assessment

I believe the next steps for this program as the team has discussed involve the design and

installation of simple, cost effective disinfection systems on the main water collection systems

and the construction of small in-house and in-dormitory drinking water filter systems as soon as

practicable. Some of the existing systems need to be separated in conjunction with the

construction work so that a fairly clean system can be maintained for drinking water purposes

while commonly contaminated systems are used for irrigation only.

11.3 Professional Mentor/Technical Lead Affirmation



I have been involved in the UAC – CP, Carmen Pampa project planning continuously since its

inception in 2010, traveled with the team to Bolivia during 2011, and accept responsibility for

the course that the project is taking.



APPENDIX 3: Operation and Maintenance

PDFs of the CTI-8 Chlorinator Manual in English and Spanish, as well as O&M sheets are

included with this submittal.

APPENDIX 4: Design Drawings

PDFs of the project design drawings are included with this submittal.



APPENDIX 5: Letter of Commitment



Translation of letter of commitment:

Carmen Pampa- Coroico, May, 15 2015

Engineers Without Borders

South Dakota State University

South Dakota, USA

RE: Collaboration with Engineers Without Borders

Dear EWB-SDSU,

I am writing on behalf of the Unidad Academica Campesina-Carmen Pampa, the beneficiary of a

chlorinator on one of our two campuses (which serves approximately 400 students, teachers, and

staff) and which signed a Memorandum of Agreement in 2009 with EWB-SDSU. This

chlorinator has been successfully managed by a student under the supervision of our laboratory

manager, maintaining in the water a level of free chlorine of 0.2 to 0.4 mg/L in order to

guarantee potable water for campus Leahy. The beneficiaries of this treated water have been

satisfied, believing that the water has contributed to better health and have confidence in this

precious resource.

We are aware that there are other alternatives to treat the water, and our university is in

agreement that the chlorinator proposed for our second campus (Camups Manning) is the best

option due to its design, ease of use and maintenance, and cost. We agree to accept total

responsibility for this project once it has finished, including budgeting funds in order to buy the

materials needed to treat and test the water, as well as maintain the chlorinator. As was the case

previously, we are going to co-finance this project, approximately $200 dollars for materials

(principally the concrete security box that will contain the new chlorinator) and another $1100

dollars for travel costs, food, and lodging for the EWB group that plans to come in August of this

year. The university will also contribute with the equivalent of 80 hours of skilled and unskilled

labor (approx. value: 140 dollars). Let it be known that the university has the rights to the water

that is going to be treated.

We are very enthusiastic about the scheduled August trip. We can offer similar lodging as last

year, in a dormitory with bunk beds and a private bathroom. Food will be provided on the

university campus, and precautions will be taken to guarantee your health and safety.

With the hope that this project will be approved, we send our greetings and desires to continue

our collaboration.

Sincerely,

Father Emilio Medrano Toro

Director General

UAC-Carmen Pampa

Chapter: South Dakota State University Project: Drinking Water for UAC...

Documents

Transcript of Chapter: South Dakota State University Project: Drinking Water for UAC...